SPECIAL REPORT: The advent of Information Technology introduced so many changes to the corporate world. The most visible of these countless changes is the physical transformation of business, as new technologies now are being used in all kinds of business, the most perceptible and useful of them all are computers and the Internet. Apart from this holistic revolution of the world of business, Information Technology also dictates how trade and business are performed, made, delivered, and even terminated. Almost all of the functions, characteristics, nature, and attributes related to business have the aspects of IT.
Teleworking is commonly known as an employment practice that requires a particular employee or person to work away from the place of business for a specific period of time (Daniels, Lamond and Standen, 2001). The growth of IT and the further discovery of its many advantages to business led to the acceptance of teleworking or telecommuting in the corporate world. This is so because this type of home-based working away from the workplace offers a lot of advantages and benefits. One of which is cost-saving. This aspect has something to do with the possible expenses that an organization might incur if employees or workers are required to work at a particular workplace. These outlays may include additional work space or offices, cost of
electricity, the need to hire more utility personnel like janitors, among many others. Another benefit is productivity. Teleworking does not only save workers time owing to less travel, less required meetings, or socialization with other workers or employees. Several studies concluded that teleworking has a positive impact on the work attitude of teleworkers, thus improving their productivity (News Report, 2005).
Also, teleworking has also something to do with the quality of talents. This is so because they are encouraged to work at their own homes, employees and personnel will have better quality of life and that it reduces the usual culture of absenteeism and tardiness by personnel, including enhanced hiring and retention of workers owing to the leeway to perform their works at home (News Report, 2005). However, there are pointers to be considered before an organization may opt to apply this work practice. For teleworking to be effective, employers have to issue certain policies, rules, and regulations concerning home-based employment, provide security for telework technology, acquire the proper technology, guide the teleworkers on their nature of work, and offer incentives to the top performers.
Concept of teleworking
There are a lot of impacts of teleworking on teleworkers, on their work, as well as on their lifestyle. However, apart from the
fact that this type of work practice is benefiting employers and teleworkers, there are also several reports confirming that it also benefits companies and organizations. This is probably the reason why so many employers nowadays encourage the intensification of teleworking at their respective companies. As stated above, teleworking has positive effects on the financial status of businesses. On the part of employees, there is needed to look at the positive effects of telecommuting on their work habits, productivity, and their social lives. The following shows the manifold benefits of teleworking to employees, and how it contributes to the development of their lifestyle, health, and work.
Employees’ productivity: Is it possible that teleworking has some positive effects on productivity? Most of the case studies that focused on the impacts of telecommuting on productivity were in the Western World particularly in Europe and in the United States. Seven studies show that this work practice effected substantial productivity improvement in several western companies like the IBM and USWest (Westfall, 2004). A survey conducted by one American telecommunication company showed that telecommuting has indeed contributed much to the productivity of its personnel who work at home (News Release, 2002). The gauge used by said company in measuring the productivity of its teleworkers is the value of the annual productivity, which was pegged at about $65 million. Due to its many benefits to employers, teleworking is almost endorsed by large businesses as one way to fuel productivity (Business Wire, 2004). Teleworking both benefits the employer and the employee. It largely benefits employees particularly now that gas prices have escalated, thus workers can now focus on their work instead of going out of their home to go to shopping malls, picnic places, bars, etc. Thus, teleworking has something to do with savings, particularly on the part of employees who want to earn more. According to Westfall (2004), there are commonsensical ways to measure whether teleworking has indeed effect on productivity. One of which is to determine the amount of work by computing the actual hours of work per diem, per week, per month, and per year. Another one is to observe the intensity of work by determining the intensity or concentration being devoted by a teleworker to his/her workload. Efficiency of work must also be considered by getting the ratio of finish works to labor inputs. Lastly, it is also essential to analyze the adjustments required to be taken by a teleworker before he can familiarize with the nature of his/her work.
Quality of Life: One issue that boosted the image of teleworking among employers is the quality of life. Several researchers conclude that teleworking has something to do with the improvement of workers’ quality of life. This benefit is usually enjoyed by home-based workers who devote their time to their works at their own home (Vitterso et. al, 2003). The study shows that working at home improves the four-dimensional aspects of happiness of a particular worker, such as overall contentment with life, sense of belonging, sense of being, and sense of becoming.
Good health: A study conducted in Europe also shows that teleworking boosts good health. So this has an indirect effect on employees who may now have some ideas to ditch their office work and work home as a teleworker. A survey on teleworkers sponsored by the European Union showed that over 90 percent of the teleworker-respondents said they had less stress working at their own home, better output, and more time for their family and leisure (Swinton, 2002). There are many factors that explain why working at home is beneficial to one’s health. One of which is stress, as already mentioned above. This is because most workers may find working in an office stressful because of the characteristics of an office environment. Whereas working at home gives one the idea that he/she is free to do everything, particularly those things he/she cannot do at the workplace. There is this sense of security for teleworkers mainly because they are more comfortable and at ease working in the confines of their homes. Another factor is the fact that they would no longer be exposed to pollution while traveling and while going to their work. There are less time and less effort spent when someone is doing his office work at home. This has something to do with the mood and psychological behavior of a particular employee. Since there is less hassle or stress, the more that a worker could concentrate his attention and time to his/her work. Working at home may also put a teleworker away from possible harms office workers usually encounter outside their homes. Finally, teleworkers may also have more time with their family, which is one way to relieve stress and to gain inspiration.
More opportunities: When one is working at home, he would not only feel more comfortable and secure, but he would also have the opportunity to earn more income. For some resourceful and creative teleworkers, they may find ways to squeeze their time and finish their work early without compromising quality and creativity. This way, they may have the opportunity to look for some ways to augment their monthly wages by looking for part-time jobs or by doing some home-based business. The intensification of IT led to the discovery of countless of endeavors and activities, which largely help creative, resourceful, and independent-minded individuals.
An Opportunity to persons with disabilities: Information Technology really is a great gift not only to able, creative, and inventive individuals, but also to disabled but talented people. The concept of teleworking is mainly based on talent, creativeness, and resourcefulness. It is more focused on mental ability rather than manual works, although there are a lot of teleworks which require the use of manual ability like the works for encoders, medical transcriptionists, etc. But more than majority of home-based works demand the use of mental capability and inventive skills. So for those persons with limited mobility and impaired vision, they could find opportunities in teleworking since it does not require the employment of manual works. What is required of teleworkers is their productiveness, creativeness, and the ambition to contribute to the development of the organizations or companies that are working for.
Impacts of Teleworking
The emergence of teleworking can be greatly attributed to the development of many communication technologies. These technologies enable the seamless and flawless communication or interaction of between two persons, between one person and a group, or between a group and another group. Due to the incessant development of the World Wide Web, large files, videos, pictures, and images can now be sent via email, Instant Messaging, and other types of Internet-based tools of communication. The new technologies nowadays make it possible for people to take their work at home or— practically engaged in a home-based work and maintain a reliable connection with the organization. Indeed, teleworking has altered the face of the corporate world as there is now an increasing consensus among companies and organizations to encourage its application, thus providing more home-based works and opportunities to people.
Two of the revolutionary additions to the Internet world are broadband technology and Wi-Fi. These revolutionary technologies do not just encourage teleworkers to work within the confines of their homes, they also enable them to work at places called hot spots like malls, cafeteria, restaurants, parks, libraries, schools, among many others. Apart from Instant Messaging (IM), Voice-over Internet Protocol now allows individuals to communicate with each other without worrying additional bill. Under the concept of teleworking, teleworkers may maintain seamless connection with their mother organizations or companies through IM, VOIP, and even Skype. Thus, what is needed in order to flourish and develop a stable career in this kind of work practice is good and fast Internet connection. The teleworker must see to it that he has the following technologies and aspects needed to do well in teleworking business:
- Functional and relatively new or updated computer (ether desktop or laptop);
- Fast and reliable Internet connection;
- Complete new communication technology like VOIP, IM, Skype, video conferencing, groupware, etc.
- Internet network (for more complicated works);
- Good work ethics and habits;
- Adequate knowledge of computers and the Internet;
- Focus and professionalism
These technologies and aspects increase one’s employability. On the cost-saving aspect, they reduce printing expenses and other related expenses, particularly those pertaining to computer repairs, etc. They also increase employee flexibility, thus there is almost no need for them to adjust to their new work environment, and finally— employee productivity as already mentioned above.
Teleworking is dependent on Information Technology. In other words, there can be no telecommuting without technology. Just imagine home-based works without the Internet and computers. It would be impossible to relay or exchange huge or heavy files or applications without the aid of Information Technology. Just imagine also that before the Internet and computer technology was fully developed, businesses relied on telephone, telegram, and postal mails. It would take hours and days to deliver particular information to the recipient. However, because of today’s sophisticated technology and the amazing development of wireless technology, almost everything is possible. Apart from conferencing, two corporate parties can now talk and see each other even though they are miles apart. One can now sent or transfer loads of loads of files or document in just a matter of minutes or even seconds. Furthermore, organizations and companies are no longer burdened by printing costs and storage spaces since tons of corporate or organizational files can now be stored in the computer.
|Impact of IT||Effect||Probability||Action|
|Cost effective||Financial matters like cost of operations, labor costs, incidental costs, others||High||Devote financial resources to priority areas of the company or organization|
|Productivity||Stability of the company or organization||High||Capitalize on soft-skills of human resources. Provide incentives|
|Fast-paced work and reliability||Better production, outputs, or more accomplishment||High||Maintenance of technology and facilities and monitoring of work|
|Information security||Integrity and safety of company or organizational information and files||High||Establish an information security policy|
|Profitability||Overall viability of the organization||High||Focus on core areas of the organization|
The table above basically shows how Information Technology impacts business organizations.
Overall, IT is indispensable in business. This indispensability can be attributed to the fact that today’s business is wholly and heavily dependent on technology. A business could hardly function without technology, more so to an economic setting wherein each entity is connected by and function through IT. From the drafting of a contract up to starting an actual work, technology is a binding, indispensable aspect. In the area of teleworking, as already stated above, this concept of work practice cannot possibly exist without the use of IT. Under this portion, each of the given impact of IT above will be thoroughly discussed below by taking into consideration their effects, the probability, which they offer, and the action that may be done so to enforce such effects.
Cost Effective: This is the most apparent impact of IT on teleworking business. There is no need to apply mathematical computation to prove this premise— that teleworking through IT is manifestly cost-effective. The most obvious reason why teleworking is cost-effective is due to the fact that a business is no longer constrained to allocate more money in setting up more spaces for personnel. Commonsensical estimate might reveal that a company or organization saves thousands of dollars per employee per for owing to a diminution in office space needs and other related expenses. It is important to take note that the office-base work requires some other related expenses. These related expenses may include janitorial services, increased telephone and electric bills due to the number of office users, company freebies like free snacks, coffee, or even food, more officers or supervisory level personnel to oversee and monitor personnel, among many others. Since there is a gradual increase in the number of personnel, perhaps due to company progress or development, the company is also constrained to hire new supervisors or even managers. This entails more labor costs. Whereas if the company encourages home-based works, it may escape the possibility of paying more labor and operational costs, including incidental expenses required for the continuance of the business.
Under this setup, there is high probability that the company may save more money, which it could use to establish its financial status. Thus, these savings can be used to address the more important aspects of the company that require immediate financial attention. It could also devote the rest to some other priority areas like technology infrastructure and facilities, research and development, if any, among many others.
Productivity: Technology is almost synonymous to productivity. This is because production is closely related to facilities. To elaborate on this, there is a need to better familiarize with the nature of teleworking by considering the following question— what kind of business requires the application of teleworking? Practically, almost all types of business may need to apply teleworking. As long as an employee could work a particular job at home, such is already a simple telecommuting. However, there are more complicated jobs that may require application of teleworking. Some of these works may include the following— encoding jobs, medical transcribing, writing and editing jobs, research and development, online tutorial or teaching, journalistic writing, architectural and engineering works, market research, marketing and sales, computer programming, website development, video editing, among many others. Even company jobs can now be finished at home even though they particularly require office-based work. The only exceptions are those mechanical jobs and manual works that can only be done at the laboratory, manufacturing house, or production site.
The question is— how will IT guarantee productivity? Technology is just a tool which can be used to finish a particular work on time and with the desired quality. The use of IT without a doubt ensures productivity. This is because IT has something to do not only with reliability and quality of work, but also with the working habit of employees. Organizational employees tend to function well if they use technology in performing their job. However, it is essential that before they can be deployed to their specific functions, the organization must make sure they first undergo training, coaching or mentoring. Under this concept, the probability is the organization will have more opportunities to diversify, to try new line of business, to acquire competitors, and to expand if its people are productive. The action plan then is to focus on the human aspect and not merely on the technological aspect. The organization may sustain productivity by focusing on soft-skills through training and through providing incentives.
Fast-paced work and reliability: One benefit of IT is that it ensures past-paced work and reliability of output. Needless to day, if these aspects are well in place, the effect is better production, outputs, or more accomplishment. On the other hand, there is high probability for the company to acquire better and more sophisticated technology and implement its organizational goals. Acquisition of new technologies must be continued in order to sustain fast-paced work and consistency of production. To ensure the continuance of this impact, the action plan is to maintain the company’s technology and facilities and monitor the work and output of employees.
Information security: This aspect is needed to keep the important and classified information and documents of the organization. There are some information and data that cannot be divulged to the public or taken by unauthorized persons. Examples of these data and information are the organization’s trade secrets, formula, strategies, plans, etc. The probability then is that the organization may be able to maintain its viability against external and internal threats or risks. Thus, the action plan is to establish an information security plan or policy.
Profitability: Overall, the use of technology ensures the profitability of the organization. The effect is almost the same—assured viability of the organization. With this, there is high probability for the organization to achieve sustainable development and expansion. Thus, to attain this target and sustain its effect, the action plan is to focus on core areas of the organization. These core areas are those that determine the viability of the organization or those which render it unproductive and unprofitable without.
Impact on IS Planning
IS planning is essential to ensure the viability and continuity of a particular business. This type of planning is particularly essential and important for start-up businesses, for companies that faced the distasteful task of downsizing, companies that experience backlog of information systems works, loss of competitiveness, inexperienced staff, among many others. But in tgis study, IS planning is required for organizations that would like to apply teleworking. But first, there is a need to know the objects of IS planning, which are the following (Cassidy, 1998: p.3):
- Efficient and effective administration of an costly and critical asset of the business;
- Developing communication and interface between the business and IS organization;
- Connecting the IS direction with the business direction;
- Planning and determining the stream of information and procedures;
- Competently and successfully apportioning IS resources;
- Diminishing the time and expenditure of the IS life cycle
In teleworking, initial stages of IS planning must focus on technology, facilities, and policies. The organization must determine properly the appropriate technology to be used in maintaining seamless and speedy communication with its teleworkers. It must make it sure that it has the capacity to communicate and interact with its teleworkers. Thus the initial stages may consider the following step-by-step process:
- Set up of the company, if none is conceived, otherwise, reorganize the same;
- Designate proper functions— officers, managers, supervisors, etc.
- Issue a policy concerning the business in relation to teleworking
- Acquire and institute new technologies, which must meet the criteria of teleworking
- Promulgate information security policy and rules and regulations governing teleworkers
- Hire or recruit teleworkers according to the nature and needs of the organization
- Issue guidelines concerning the employment
These stages seek to address seek to make a company viable or maintain its viability under the concept of teleworking. The first phase is basically related to the company itself, whether existing or non-existing. For existing organizations, they tend to reorganize or to change or issue new policies pursuant to the plan to engage in teleworking. For companies or organizations with a good number of teleworkers, the normal practice is to set-up a managerial or even executive position whose functions is to maintain connection, issue orders, and discipline teleworkers. The treatment for teleworkers is almost the same as those in office-based setup. They are subject to terms of contract, training, mentoring, reprimand, warning, disciplinary action, suspension, or even termination. The new technologies must be consistent with the nature of the business. There is also a need to formulate information security policy that also binds teleworkers not to publish or distribute their works to other parties not authorized by the organization. Essentially, this must be stipulated in the contract under the security clause. The recruitment and hiring process is highly important since there is a need to check whether the applicants are competent, responsible, professional, trustworthy, and experienced.
Ethical Issues surrounding social networking
One of the many facets and aspects of online business, as well as teleworking is social networking. Social networking can have positive and negative effects on business organizations. But in order to counter the perceived negative effects of social networking, there is a need for the organization to engage in certain activities or informational campaign so to boost awareness, dedication to work, professionalism, and active involvement. Having said this, the identified and known effects of social networking on business organizations are as follows.
Improved staffing capacity. Social networking helps in promoting the company or organization itself, thereby guaranteeing organizational leaders to acquire competent and hardworking people they need for their business for the purpose of organizational expansion, as well as extension of business influence. It must be borne in mind that the best asset that a teleworking company can have is its own people and nothing else since technology and facilities are just mere tools to knowing the issues of the organization’s prospective costumers.
Enhanced visibility. Through social networking and other communication technologies like website and blogsite, there is a higher chance for it to be better known and appreciated by the public. The most important role of social networking is that it helps organizational leaders tap into a more extensive consumer group where they can distribute their products and services. Also, it may assist business leaders to share their business ideas to a broader business community, thereby leading to potential leads, costumers, competent staff, and even business opportunities.
As an Informative tool on developments. Through social networks, organizational members may be able to keep abreast of the developments and changes taking place within the organizations. This is especially important for teleworking companies since one of the best means of communication they can have with their company is through social networks and websites. This may also propagate the feeling or climate of belongingness wherein organizational members may be able to feel that the company cares for them and is after their professional growth and development.
Product and services accessibility. With social networks and effective new communication technologies, the products and services of the company are just fingertips away. Organizational leaders may also be able to endorse their products and services on a very special, proximate level. Using this means of getting closer to clients, the organization may avoid investing in paid advertisements, expensive commercials, and rigorous promotional campaigns. Furthermore, it adds more value to the name of the company or organization and further boosts confidence and credibility to the products and services such an organization or company offers.
Further promote organizational advocacies. Some organizations have their own advocacies. Organizational advocacy is a value-adding endeavor which a business organization may engage in to further boost public trust and confidence. For example, a lot of corporate organizations have publicly announced that they are for the protection of the environment and against any form of activities that exacerbate the effects of global warming. Even those multinational companies engaged in petroleum business also joined the bandwagon— that they are pro-environment and against global warming
Assists positive interface: If employees of a certain business are buoyant and encouraged to share their personal views, opinions, reactions, and even oppositions to different organizational issues, the tendency is that they become more participative, proactive and loyal to the business organization. This policy may be able to breed a climate of confidence and sense of belongingness, thereby pushing the employees to be more productive and conscientious with their work. Thus, the main element here is motive-action, as they would become more mindful of the goals and visions of the company where they belong, thus becoming more enthusiastic to contribute to organizational goals and advocacies.
Invasion of Privacy
Some of the popular social networking sites are MySpace, Facebook, Friendster, and so on. These sites may allow anyone to share his/her life to the world— for all people from all walks of life to see. Once a certain individual became a member of one of these social networks, there consequence is that he/she has given a piece of his/her personal information or background to other Internet users. There are some safeguards, however, that may be availed of by the user. This is particularly true in Facebook wherein it allows the user to limit occasions of invasion of privacy. Most social network are now following suit like Friendster that offers a privacy option for people who would like to keep their private lives intact and undisturbed. As for Facebook, it gives preferences to its members whether to have their profiles indexed by search engines like Google and Yahoo.
Several countries in Europe are now taking steps to limit the reach of the Internet as a way of invading people’s private lives. One of which was the United Kingdom when its Home Office in recent times promulgated and implemented rules and regulations whose purpose is to control on line activities (Kiss, 2008). However, it is not only the role of governments to regulate uncalled for and most of the time dangerous virtual activities that sometime cause damage and injury to a group of individuals. It is also the role of organizations, whether business or non-profit, to set essential guidelines whose function is to protect and uphold the privacy of their employees or members. Under this setup, the organization may be able to maintain and sustain a climate of trust and confidence among organizational members.
Information is one of the most important assets of a business organization. Examples of confidential and classified information which cannot be obtained even through court’s action are trade secrets, formula, business strategies, and corporate techniques, among others. To better guard the exchange and circulation of corporate data and information, the company must assign competent workforce who may be tasked with the securing and organizing of company records, data and information. In so doing, the following guidelines may be taken into account:
- Secure a log-on, log-off mechanism;
- Designate competent and trustworthy who may handle or safe keep company information;
- Sustain security workforce and facilities;
- Protect the entrance and exit areas of the company;
- Encourage the use of password protection system.
Business organizations have to set the goals for using social networking software. In order to prevent untoward incidents like invasion of privacy, unethical sharing or obtaining of someone’s personal records, among others, there is a need for the business organization to set a policy framework which should serve as the guideline to be observed and obeyed by all organizational members. One of the best ways to ensure this aspect is for the company leaders to conceptualize and implement an information security policy which should serve as the governing policy concerning the sharing, uploading, distribution, and destruction of organizational data and information. As for the information of individual employees or members, the company or organization must develop a policy regarding the same. There are some information concerning an individual that cannot just be made public or given to any third parties— these kinds of information must be safe kept and protected by the organization at all cost in order not to commit breach of trust. Organizational data and information may be protected through the use of password, certain policies in regard to cleaning and organizing desks, deployment of security gadgets and cameras, vault, security software against hacking and phishing, among many others.
Professional codes of conduct
One of the ways to regulate and control the online activities of teleworkers or organizational members is through the adoption of codes of conduct. In order to play down and do away with all cases of online stalking, breach of privacy, online stalking, sending of improper communications, switch over of obscene photographs and videos, etc., the company may specify in its professional codes of conduct what constitutes social networking misbehavior or any forms of online delinquency. Cases of these misconduct or misdemeanors are the following:
- Bullying a fellow member;
- Hacking or unofficial access to company paper, records or documents;
- Publishing offensive or defamatory photographs, letters, or caricature of an employee on the social networking site;
- Posting hateful accusations about an employee;
- Online rumor mongering or exchanging malicious stories about an employee or a group of employee;
- Availing of online services just to disgrace or unjustly criticize the status of an employee.
“Capitalism demands the best of every man – his rationality –
and rewards him accordingly. It leaves every man free to choose the work he likes,
to specialize in it, to trade his product for the products of others, and to go as far on the
road of achievement as his ability and ambition will carry him”— Ayn Rand (1961)
Information Technology has indeed altered the corporate landscape of the modern epoch, introducing new modes of doing business, new opportunities to people, and new business avenue for young and enthusiastic businessmen. This work practice, which is also called telecommuting, that was introduced not in the distant past, was intensified and throughly explored during the last decade when IT rapidly took the world by storm. This is indeed a phenomena that had been explored in countless of modes— as a symbol of technological innovativeness, as a novel way of work practice or as a redbrick approach for hardworking and competent people who would like to increase their income and invest in new business opportunities (Jackson & van der Wielen, 1998, p.2). This only means that during this modern era, people, in order to survive the intricateness of life and complexities of the modern corporate work, only need to search for possible new opportunities in the World Wide Web.
The quotation is the most fitting one for this case study not only because of the myriad of opportunities offered by Information Technology to the world, but also because of the minds that created it in order to nurture and propel the spirit of man— to strive according to his means, to work according to his ambition, and to achieve according to his goals. Teleworking realy is a modern phenomenon that has a meaningful message to man— survive and achieve.
To survive— because Information Technology, although it introduced novel ideas and possibilities, created a market community wherein open and free competition is the name of the game. Information Technology really had created a modern-day gold rush wherein only the able, competent, visionary, and courageous people may gain benefits. One good and most recent example was the dramatic and explosive collapse of the Lehman Brothers, an American global investment bank. This only means that to survive in this modern-day corporate jungle, businessmen need to be more competitive, more focused on the status of their business, as well as the capabilities of their competitors, whether direct or indirect and the conditions of, threats, and risks posed by the global economy.
To achieve— because this is the ultimate goal in business, in contrast to failure that is destined to the corporate dust biters, faint-hearted, and weak-minded. It is the ultimate goal of a moral and competent businessman and even a conscientious employee to achieve, and nothing else. However, to achieve does not mean employing the uncalled for effects of cut-throat and unfair competition or engaging in fraudulent, immoral and unethical manner, but by means of human ability, skills, and innovation.
To apply this concept in teleworking, modern, innovative businessmen have continued to appreciate its many benefits and countless of positive effects not only to their business but to their employees as well. Among these benefits are enhanced productivity, less absenteeism, increased employees’ morale, and less turnover and retention expenses (Fitzpatrick & Fishman, 2008). In order to teleworking businessmen to succeed, they have to thoroughly monitor the competition indicators. Thus, to survive, they have to set the following pointers:
- Professional code of conduct binding all teleworkers or telecommuters;
- Create and implement and information security policy;
- Set guidelines pertaining to the storage, circulation, exchange, and destruction of corporate data and information;
- Set guidelines concerning teleworking or telecommuting;
- Reward competent output and provide work incentives;
- Provide training and seminars to new recruits and old employees;
- Promotion and retention must be based only on exceptional work output, quality of work, ability, and never nepotism and favoritism;
- Know the employees well, their background;
- Set up a comprehensive and integrate IT infrastructure;
- Encourage employees to participate in corporate affairs.
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