Highland dancing judged on timing, technique, deportment
Scottish Highland dancing is one of the oldest forms of folk dance, dating back to the 11th or 12th century. The Highland dances of Scotland were highly athletic male celebratory dances of triumph, or warrior dances performed over swords and spiked shield. According to tradition, the old kings and chiefs of Scotland used the Highland Games as a way of choosing the best men for their retinue and men at arms. Highland dancing was one of the various ways men were tested for strength, stamina, accuracy, and agility.
The two main types of Scottish dance, country dance and highland dance, differ considerably in style and purpose. Country dances have the character of ballroom dancing, while Highland dances are performed solo. They have precise, difficult movements. Highland dances were originally danced by men only but now are performed by far more females than males. Dance steps are standardized by the Scottish Official Board of Highland Dancing and competitions are held worldwide. In the United States, six geographic regions hold a qualifying competition each spring from which the top three finalists from each region are selected to compete at the United States Inter-Regional Highland dancing Championships.
Judges evaluate a dancer on three major criteria: timing, technique and deportment. Timing refers to the ability of the dancer to follow the rhythm of the music, with feet, arms and head in precise position simultaneously with the music.
Technique means the correct execution of footwork in coordination with head, arm and hand movements. Elevation - the ability to spring vigorously above the dance platform - counts heavily.
General deportment covers the interpretation the dancer displays in performing the dance. Balance and general appearance are very important.