Scientific Name: Riparia riparia
Malay Name: Layang-layang Perang Belang Biasa
Chinese Name: 崖沙燕
Alternative Name(s): Common Sand Martin
Range: Found throughout the Holarctic (which encompasses majority of habitats found throughout the northern continents of the world) and winters to South America, sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent, southern China and Southeast Asia
Taxonomy: Polytypic. Subspecies are: riparia, taczanowskii, ijimae, shelleyi.
Local Subspecies: ijimae
Size: 11.5-13 cm
Identification: Adult resembles Barn Swallow and Asian House Martin but has all brown upperparts, contrasting whitish underparts with broad brown breast-band and shallow forked tail. Juvenile resembles adult but has less distinct breast-band.
Similar looking species: Barn Swallow, Asian House Martin
Habitat: Lakes, rivers, reservoirs and coastal areas.
Local Status: Rare migrant
Conservation Status: Least Concern (BirdLife International 2019)
Conservation Status: IUCN Red List Page
Sound Recordings: xeno-canto Link
Wikipedia Entry: Wikipedia Link
eBird Species page: eBird (Bank Swallow)
BirdLife International. (2019). Riparia riparia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T103815961A155536007.en. Accessed on 1 January 2023
Jeyarajasingam, A., & Pearson, A. (2012). A Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Oxford University Press.
Robson, C. (2014). Field guide to the birds of South-East Asia (Second Edition). Bloomsbury Publishing, London.
Singapore Birds Project. (n.d.). Sand Martin. Retrieved on June 1, 2023 from https://singaporebirds.com/species/sand-martin.