|APS||<100nm (Can be Customized)|
|Molecular Weight||50.9415 g/mol|
|Density||0.9g / cm 3|
|Melting Point||1910 °C|
|Boiling Point||3407 °C|
Vanadium is a rare, hard, and ductile gray-white element found in some minerals and is mainly used to make some alloys. Vanadium is corrosion resistant thanks to a protective oxide film on the surface. Common oxidation states of vanadium include +2, +3, +4, and +5.
Most of the vanadium produced (about 80%) is used as a rail radius or as an additive to steel. Mixed with titanium alloy aluminum is used in jet engines and high-speed aircraft, while steel alloys are used in axles, crankshafts, gears, and other critical components. Vanadium alloys are also used in nuclear reactors because vanadium has a low ability to absorb neutrons and does not deform when flowing at high temperatures.
Vanadium is never found unbound in nature. Vanadium is found in about 65 different minerals, including patronite, vanadinite, carnotite, and bauxite. Vanadium is found in carbon deposits such as crude oil, coal, oil shale, and oil sands.
Irrigation is an important way to redistribute vanadium in the environment, as venerates are generally very soluble.
Vanadium is abundant in most soils in varying quantities and is absorbed by plants in quantities that reflect its availability.