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Basic first aid and cpr
This is the first procedure a first aider does before treating a casualty.
DRABCD stands for the following:
Before approaching a casualty it's crucial to follow DRABCD (pronounced "Doctor ABCD") in every first aid situation. The following information should not be a substitute for doing a first aid course which includes important practical experience.
D = Danger
Assess if there any dangers present:
- To yourself
- To bystanders (if any)
- To casualty
In every emergency situation, it is important to see if there are any conditions that may be an immediate threat to life. You are no help to the casualty if you become a casualty yourself. Once you have made sure the area is safe, you can go ahead with assessing the casualty.
R = Response
This means assessing whether a person is conscious or unconscious. Approach the casualty so they can hear you, introduce yourself, gently squeeze their shoulders and remember the COWS rule:
- Can you hear me?
- Open your eyes.
- What's you're name?
- Squeeze my hands (put both your hands in both the casualty's hands, not just one in case of injury.)
For a baby, to try to get a response by tickling feet, rubbing the forehead and by talking to them. Any response is a sign of consciousness.
For the conscious casualty, all you need to do is calmly manage injuries whilst providing reassurance.
No response indicates that the casualty is unconscious and it is important to get help as quickly as possible as this is a life-threatening condition. CALL AN AMBULANCE IMMEDIATELY or shout "HELP, THERE'S BEEN AN ACCIDENT" loudly to get attention so someone else can call. (Never assume this is done, always double-check.)
A = Airway
Is the airway clear? The airway can be obstructed from items such as food, teeth, vomit, blood, toys etc. Even the tongue is a potential airway hazard in an unconscious casualty. A clear airway means the casualty can breathe.
Checking the airway is a step often forgotten but very important. To check:
- Have the casualty on back or side. If casualty found on back or side, keep them in that position. (You only need to move them if they were found face-down.)
- Gently open the casualty's mouth and look inside.
- Use your finger to scoop any foreign materials out (not down the throat!)
Last revised: Monday, 28 July 2008
This article contains general information only and is not intended to replace advice from a qualified health professional.