Are you flummoxed with your flute tone? Is it too bright or airy for your taste? Look no further. Here are a few steps you can take to improve your tone.
1Sit up straight. In fact, it's easiest to play with a good tone while standing. Make sure your back is straight up and down when you are sitting and don't slouch! Turn your body at a slight angle so that you don't have to reposition your neck to see the music stand clearly.Ad
2Hold your flute up. You've probably been told this at least a thousand times, but it can affect your tone if you hold the flute too low. You should hold it about 20° below parallel. When you hold it any lower you collapse your stomach area and cannot take a proper breath or support the tone. If you hold it any higher you will create tension in your right arm. (Sorry marching flautists.)
3Balance the flute. This is related, but not the same thing as correct posture. There are three points of balance when holding up a flute: the chin, left thumb, and the right thumb. The lip plate should rest in the hollow between your lip and chin, and you should feel a gentle pressure on the lower gums. Your flute should rest just above the lowest knuckle of your left pointer finger, above where the finger meets the hand. The flute should rest on the tip of the right thumb, underneath or slightly behind the flute, between the F and E keys. Your right pinkie finger should then land naturally on the E flat key. Once in this position it should feel very natural, and the flute should "float", allowing you to produce a resonant sound.
4Breathe correctly. Take a deep breath starting with your belly, not your chest, before playing. You should see your belly physically expand. Your back should expand too toward the end of a deep breath. If your chest is the first thing to expand, or your shoulders rise upward when you breath, you are not getting as much air as you could.
- One way to practice this is to bend forward at the waist, making a 90 degree angle between your legs and torso. Then take a deep breath starting from your belly, feeling your entire belly and back expand before your chest does.
5Listen to your tone. You can probably fix things yourself. Just think about sounding resonant and full. Imagine that you are vibrating the whole length of your flute.
6Support the air stream. Think about activating your core and belly muscles to physically "support" the air and produce a strong, steady stream. This will also help you play in tune, which always makes for a better tone and is extremely important when playing with others.
7Shape your lips. Making the hole in your lips smaller can produce a better tone. The air stream is more direct and you do not use as much air. On the other hand, make sure not to make the hole too small, or you can cut off the airflow and get an airy or forced sound.
8Experiment. You won't find your ideal tone until you know what all the options are! Furthermore, the meaning of a "good" flute tone depends on the music you're playing, and skilled musicians know how to vary their tone color (rich, bright, mellow, sweet, intense, haunting, etc.) to suit the mood they want to create. To practice this, pick a note you can play comfortably, hold it, and explore the following movements. As you play, notice how the sound changes, whether it seems more or less pleasing, and what types of musical moods it might evoke. Over time you can learn to pick the tone color you want and immediately find the position of your lips, jaw and body to produce it.
- Move the end of your flute higher and lower. This changes the angle of the air across the embouchure hole. Many flutists let their right arm drop too far for optimal tone and this exercise will show you if you're one of them.
- Move the end of your flute forward and backward. This also changes the angle of the air stream. Listen for the place where it sounds the most focused.
- Tilt your head left, right, forward and back. Feel what's most comfortable and sounds clearest.
- Roll the mouthpiece in and out. This changes how much air enters the flute and also affects pitch (whether you're flat, sharp, or just right).
- Direct your airstream higher or lower by moving your jaw forward and back. This affect can be similar to rolling the mouthpiece in or out.
- Make the muscles in your lips, cheeks and jaw more relaxed and less relaxed.
9Record yourself. You may be surprised. The acoustics of our own bodies and the space around them mean that your tone will sound different when heard by you as you play, someone standing a few feet away, and someone sitting in the back of a large concert hall. There are professional flutists with very bold tones that can border on abrasive if you're standing next to them, but they carry beautifully during a solo in a large hall. Conversely, a delicate, sweet tone that sounds lovely to the player's own ears may seem weak and uninteresting from across the room. It can be very helpful to record yourself from various distances to understand how you'll sound to others. Of course, unless you have high quality recording equipment this doesn't work perfectly, but even a video on your smartphone is better than nothing.
10Practice long tones. As many music teachers like to say, "Practice doesn't make perfect. Perfect practice makes perfect." Unless you spend a lot of time trying to play with good tone, you won't reliably develop it. One way to do this is to spend part of every practice session on long tones. This is often done as part of your warmup. Moyse's "de la Sonorité" book is a classic resource for this, but you can also find many online resources describing long tone practice techniques.
11Listen to recordings of professional flutists. They all play with reasonably good tone or they would not have made it as professionals, but you may also notice you like some better than others. Think about what characterizes the tones you like the best, and experiment with trying to imitate them as you play.
12Know that better tones on certain notes will come with time and familiarity. As you become more familiar with lower and higher notes on the flute, your tone will improve on them as well. Don't just assume that time will solve everything however. It takes practice too!
13Use vibrato on longer notes. Vibrato is a technique in which the player pitch bends very fast. Act like you are whispering "ha, ha, ha" and try to play a note. It might sound unnatural at first, so practice until it is natural and even. Vibrato is a good technique that will create interest on longer notes and mask tuning inconsistencies as well. The speed of the vibrato depends upon the effect a flutist is trying to achieve; a faster vibrato often portrays a more intense feeling, while a slower vibrato is more soothing.
14Have your flute serviced regularly. A flute that works better has a better tone. Period. If your tuning cork is messed up, a key is leaking, the rods are misaligned, or your flute is ailing in any other way, that will negatively affect your tone. To some extent you can fix things yourself--sticky keys or loose screws--but for most things have your flute checked at a music store.
15Get a better flute. The quality of the metal (whether nickel, silver,gold, or even platinum) and the craftsmanship that went into making a flute drastically affect its tone. They say a master flutist can make even the lowest quality flute sound great, but for the rest of us, instrument quality makes a difference. If you have a beginner's flute and want to play seriously, consider buying a new one. Professional and intermediate flutes are crafted more precisely, and it is easier to get a good tone on many notes. Some features to consider:
• The most important part of the flute is the head joint, so if you cannot afford the body and foot joint, make sure to update the head joint's metal quality at the least.
• Some companies sell head joints with "wings" on the lip plate. The "wings" help direct the air in the flute and minimize the amount of air that escapes. It helps you have a clearer tone and sound less airy.
• Watch out for gold plated lip plates. They don't affect tone at all and are just for looks. However a better quality riser, the short "chimney" that attaches the lip plate to the head joint, does improve tone.
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- Hold your head up when you are playing; don't look down! The only time you might look down is if a super high note that you are playing is sharp. Otherwise, holding your head up goes along with the right posture and helps produce a better tone. To practice this, try reading your music at close to eye level, or even playing notes while looking at something on the wall that is eye level.
- Remember that if you blow slow air, the note will sound lower. If you want a higher note, blow fast air.
- Don't cover too much of the embouchure hole. This will make the tone too flat.
- Try singing before you play. It may sound weird, but it helps open up the throat. Singing while playing, which requires a little practice is also a great exercise to improve your tone.
- Band directors will tell you that crossed legs negatively affect tone. This is not true for flute players (as long as you are sitting up straight). However, it does look very unprofessional in an ensemble setting.
- To practice double-tonguing you alternate the "tu" with "ku" syllables. You will greatly increase your to tonguing speed. If you have difficulty with this, isolate the "ku" syllable and practice to strengthen those muscles in the back of your throat.
- The other tips are helpful and all but it's most important to practice everyday and do your best.
- When you actually are playing your flute, make sure you tongue. This is where you make a "t" sound while you play. This helps separate the notes and make the piece sound clearer.
- For advice specific to your unique embouchure and playing consult with a private flute teacher.
- Get a good quality flute! This will make it easier to learn to play and use.
- Don't use vibrato if you are trying to tune; you should use a straight tone then or risk tuning incorrectly. Also vibrato may not be appropriate for some styles of music.
- Some flautists have allergic reactions to the metal in their lip plate. The silver, nickel, or gold might turn your chin ashy. If you have this problem you can put a piece of tape on the lip plate.
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