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Exam 2 (Analysis of Electronic Culture)
Terms in this set (23)
How was broadcasting different from wireless telegraphy and wireless telephony?
With the invention of the vacuum tube, radio began to move into the era of wireless telephony, replacing the dots and dashes with voices, but still a point-to-point service that extended the range of the telephone. When its potential as a point-to-multiple-point service was recognized, when technology opened a path, and when advertising provided an economic underpinning, radio found a new social use.
How did Maxwell contribute to the growth of wireless communication?
Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell added to what was known with his theory of the existence of invisible waves.
How did Hertz contribute to the growth of wireless communication?
Heinrich Hertz, a German physicist, supported Maxwell's theory by experiments that sent electrical current through the air.
How did Marconi contribute to the growth of wireless communication?
In 1894, young Marconi sent a current through a coherer to sound a buzzer 10 yards away. Soon he was able to send Morse code dots and dashes for miles across the hills around his home. Successful demonstrations of Marconi's wireless led to financial offers to take over the invention as well as to claims that others had already sent such signals. Marconi held firm. His family arranged to sell equipment to the British army and navy and to train the wireless operators, but they would retain control.
What were some of the early examples of the success of wireless communication at sea?
Commercial shipping added wireless equipment, nudged by new laws. In 1909 off the coast of Nantucket the merchant ship Republic collided in the fog with the Italian liner Florida packed with Italian immigrants. The repeated distress call "CQD" led to the rescue of all aboard both vessels. Like travel by ship, air travel would also find safety in the reach of radio communication. Radio made all travel safer.
How was Bell's telephone received at the 1876 Philadelphia exposition?
A famous moment enshrined in telephone lore occurred at the 1876 Philadelphia exposition held to commemorate the centennial of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Bell went there to demonstrate his telephone, but he attracted little attention until the visiting emperor of Brazil, Dom Pedro II, recognized Bell, the professor who had given a lecture in Boston that Dom Pedro had attended. When Bell demonstrated his device, the emperor allegedly exclaimed, "My God, it talks!" 6 The publicity that followed made Bell's telephone the hit of the exposition.
Who were the first users of Bell's telephone?
Doctors and merchants who were the first customers ordered telephones for their residences.
How did Western Union interact with Bell's company?
Western Union executives reached what proved to be a shortsighted conclusion when a Bell partner offered to sell the Bell Telephone Company to them for U.S. $ 100,000. Western Union turned down the offer. The newly formed National Bell Telephone Company sued Western Union over patent infringement and won. Western Union gave up its telephone business.
What happened in New Haven, CT that was important to the development of the telephone?
In 1878, the first commercial telephone exchange was opened in New Haven, Connecticut, with a switchboard of 8 lines and 21 telephones. A year later saw the introduction of telephone numbers, in place of a subscriber asking the operator to place a call based on the operator recognizing a name.
What did Daniel Boorstin say about the telegraph?
Historian Daniel Boorstin wrote that the telegraph transformed American journalism, because until the coming of the telegraph, "the reporting of political news in the United States was a bitterly partisan business. Newspapers were owned body and soul by one or another political party, and generally speaking, lacked moderation, conscience, or decency ... It was the telegraph, of course, that made possible the establishment of enterprises such as the wire services selling news to newspapers."
What did Neil Postman say about the telegraph?
Media theorist Postman noted, "In the United States, the telegraph erased state lines, collapsed regions, and, by wrapping the continent in an information grid, created the possibility of a unified nation-state."
What are the details surrounding Morse's successful telegraph line between Baltimore and Washington, DC?
The first telegraph line went into service in 1844 between Baltimore and Washington, DC. Year by year, more cities were added to a nationwide grid.
What were some of the benefits of the "paired" or parallel growth of the telegraph and the railroad?
The telegraph needed the business the railroad brought. The railroad had so much need of the telegraph to dispatch trains and carry messages that the jobs of railroad station agent and telegrapher were combined, with the railroads paying their salaries. The railroad companies hauled the poles, wires, and other equipment free, and also helped to pay for putting them in place and in good repair.
How did the telegraph alter the presentation of news?
When information could arrive instantly from distant places, the value of news dispatches as a commodity increased because fresh reports are always preferable to old reports.
Why did the wire services -- like the Associated Press -- emphasize impartial reports?
The AP was created in 1846 by five New York City newspapers to share the cost of transmitting news about the Mexican- American War. Because news services made money by having large numbers of subscribing newspapers, politically neutral, objective reporting took hold.
(T/F) There was only one line - from Paris to Toulouse.
(T/F) Napoleon rejected the technology as having no military use.
(T/F) It sent messages at 100 mph or faster.
Who first produced electromagnetic energy in the laboratory?
Wireless first transmitted an event worldwide, in one day. What event?
a) The beginning of WWI
b) The sinking of Titanic
c) The 1900 Kentucky Derby
d) The assassination of President McKinley
The sinking of Titanic
Throughout the 1920s radio stations were established by:
b) department stores
d) All of these
The term "broadcasting" came from what occupation?
Which one of these radio networks was "first established"?
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