Can children suffer from cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart attack when their parents suffer from such diseases? What should be done to prevent them? Today, Dr. Dong Xiaobo of the Department of Surgery of the Oriental Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine talks about preventive measures to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
First of all, it should be clear that the common feature of cardiovascular diseases such as cerebral infarction (death), cerebral hemorrhage and myocardial infarction (death) is atherosclerosis, which is not a hereditary disease, and this disease is preventable and treatable.
The ten controllable risk factors of atherosclerosis: 1, hypertension; 2, hyperglycemia; 3, hyperlipidemia (elevated LDL cholesterol); 4, smoking; 5, lack of exercise; 6, weight gain (obesity); 7, hyperfibrinogenemia; 8, hyperhomocysteinemia; 9, atrial fibrillation; 10, sleep apnea.
In response to the above risk factors, a number of targeted measures can effectively prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
1, people aged 40-75 years should be regularly evaluated for risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
2、People aged 20-39 years old should have their risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases assessed at least once every 4-6 years.
3、Rational diet: eat more vegetables, fruits, beans, nuts, whole grains and other natural foods that can be seen in the original appearance of the food, less high cholesterol foods such as animal offal, less pickled foods, and try not to eat processed meat foods, such as sausages, salami, bacon, canned meat, etc.
4, increase exercise: a total of 2.5 hours of moderate intensity aerobic exercise per week, or a total of 1.5 hours of high-intensity aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, etc.. Avoid sedentary.
5, weight control: control weight and abdominal circumference is beneficial to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
6, avoid smoking: smoking is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
7, control blood pressure: the premise of blood pressure control is to lose weight, healthy diet, increase physical activity and quit smoking and alcohol, if blood pressure is still higher than 130/80mmHg, it is recommended to take drugs to control blood pressure below this range.
8, hyperlipidemia: lower LDL cholesterol, take statins if necessary.
9, type 2 diabetes: the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes is strongly influenced by dietary patterns, physical activity and body weight. At least 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity per week is recommended, on top of which medication is taken to control blood glucose within the normal range.
10、Sleep apnea (severe snoring with apnea): sleep monitoring is recommended and appropriate treatment is taken to ensure a clear airway.
11, hyperhomocysteinemia: hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cerebral atherosclerosis.
12、Atrial fibrillation: about 20% of cerebral infarction is related to atrial fibrillation, timely detection of possible atrial fibrillation and effective treatment can prevent the occurrence of cerebral infarction, especially paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is more prone to cerebral infarction.
13, Other diseases of the heart may also be the cause of cardiogenic stroke: cardiac ultrasonography can detect possible underlying diseases.
- Aspirin is not a routine drug: only patients at high risk for multiple risk factors and with low risk of bleeding need to take aspirin enteric tablets.