Mather Air Force Base
- For the civil use of this facility and airport information, see Sacramento Mather Airport
|Mather Air Force Base|
|Part of Air Training Command (ATC)|
|Sacramento County, California|
2006 USGS airphoto
|Type||Air Force Base|
|Controlled by||United States Air Force|
|Garrison||323d Flying Training Wing|
Mather Air Force Base (Mather AFB) is a closed United States Air Force Base located 12 miles (19 km) east of Sacramento near Rancho Cordova on the south side of U.S. Route 50 in Sacramento County, California. Mather Field was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established after the United States entry into World War I in April 1917. 
The Mather AFB land has various post-military uses including the 1995 Sacramento Mather Airport.
Carl Spencer Mather
The Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps of the United States Army activated Mills Field on 21 February 1918 as a pilot training base that was surrounded by ranch land and vineyards. Mills Field was renamed Mather Field for Second Lieutenant Carl Spencer Mather, a 25-year-old army pilot killed in a mid-air collision while training at Ellington Field, Texas on 30 January 1918. Mather learned to fly in 1914 at the Curtiss Flying School in Hammondsport, New York, and became an instructor there at the age of 20. He enlisted as an aviation cadet in August 1917 and as a licensed pilot was commissioned with part of his class as a second lieutenant on 20 January 1918. He continued training to earn a Reserve Military Aviator rating and promotion to first lieutenant but was killed ten days later. The remainder of his class was requested that Mills Field be renamed in Mather's honor. On 2 May 1918, the name was changed to Mather Field, the precursor to Mather Air Force Base and today's Sacramento Mather Airport.
Construction of some 50 buildings began 15 March 1918. The Field was occupied 30 April 1918. Its first commander was 1st Lieutenant Sam P. Burman, 15 March 1918. The first unit stationed there was the 283rd Aero Squadron. There were no concrete runways or aprons. These were added in the late 1930s. In the meantime aircraft flew from grass-covered fields. Training activities ceased on 8 January 1919. The Field was used by the aerial forestry patrol.
Following World War I, the field was used intermittently to support small military units. The Field was closed on 12 May. 1923. Again on active status on 1 April 1930 but as a sub post of the Presidio U.S. Army Post, San Francisco; Hamilton Field and Stockton Field in that order during the 1930s.
World War II
The Field was reestablished as a separate post and activated on 13 May 1941. The Field area was increased from 872 to 4,418 acres (17.88 km2) in June 1941. Known sub-bases and auxiliaries of Mather AAF were:
- Concord Army Airfield
- Franklin Auxiliary Airfield (Aux 1)
- Lincoln Auxiliary Airfield (Aux 2)
- Winter-Davis Flight Strip (Aux 4)
- Elk Grove Auxiliary Airfield (Aux 5)
Navigation school began 2 August 1941. Major new construction was completed 16 March 1942. In 1943 the training of B-25 bomber crews began and in 1944–45 it became an aerial port of embarkation to the Pacific in preparation for the expected transfer of large numbers of men and aircraft from Europe to the Pacific.
During the summer of 1945, the 509th Composite Group was transferring from its Second Air Force training base at Wendover Army Air Field, Utah, the group landed at Mather prior to embarking on its trans-Pacific movement to Tinian (in the Marianas Island chain). Due to the extraordinary security of the unit because of its atomic mission, the commanding general of Mather Field was told at gunpoint  that he was not allowed on board the B-29 The Great Artiste, which had landed there.
Air Training Command
During the Cold War, Mather AFB became the sole aerial navigation school for the U.S. Air Force after its companion navigation schools at Harlingen Air Force Base, Texas and James Connally Air Force Base, Texas were closed and Ellington Air Force Base was converted into a joint Air National Guard Base, Coast Guard Air Station and NASA flight facility in the 1960s.
The 3535th Navigator Training Wing of the Air Training Command (ATC), was responsible for Bombardment Training beginning in 1946 and later transitioned to Undergraduate Navigator Training (UNT), Advanced Navigator Bombardier Training (NBT), Electronic Warfare Officer (EWO) training and Weapon Systems Officer (WSO) training after the closure of the other Navigator training bases. Renamed the 3535th Flying Training Wing (3535 FTW), the wing initially flew the Convair T-29 for Air Force Navigator training until the early 1970s when it was replaced by the Boeing T-43A (Boeing 737-200) aircraft.
The 3535 FTW was redesignated as the 323d Flying Training Wing (323 FTW) on 1 April 1973. In 1976, following the decommissioning of Training Squadron TWENTY-NINE (VT-29) at NAS Corpus Christi, Texas, the 323 FTW also commenced training of student Naval Flight Officers in the Advanced Maritime Navigation training pipeline. Navy students in this pipeline were destined to fly land-based naval aircraft such as the P-3 Orion, EP-3 Aries and the EC-130 and LC-130 Hercules aircraft. This resulted in UNT being redesignated as Interservice Undergraduate Navigator Training (IUNT). The Navy also activated Naval Air Training Unit (NAVAIRTU) Mather as a parent activity for U.S. Navy instructors, USN students and NATO/Allied naval aviation students assigned to the 323 FTW at Mather. The Marine Aerial Navigation School (MANS) also relocated to Mather in order to train enlisted USMC and USCG navigators for Marine Corps KC-130 and Coast Guard HC-130 aircraft. Cessna T-37 aircraft were also added to the IUNT curriculum in the late 1970s for those USAF students destined for high performance aircraft such as the F-4/RF-4, F-111/FB-111 and B-1.
The 323 FTW continued training USAF Navigators, Naval Flight Officers, NATO/Allied students, as well as conducting advanced training for newly-winged USAF Navigators as Radar Navigator/Bombardiers, EWOs and WSOs until it was inactivated on 30 September 1993. Concurrent with the wing's inactivation, all USAF Navigator and Naval Flight Officer Maritime Navigation pipeline training was moved to Randolph AFB, Texas and consolidated under the 12th Flying Training Wing, which up until that time had primary responsibility for training and certifying instructor pilots.
Strategic Air Command
On 1 April 1958, the Strategic Air Command's (SAC) 4134th Strategic Wing composed of the 72d Bombardment Squadron and 904th Aerial Refueling Squadron was assigned to Mather AFB. The Strategic Wings were formed in the late 1950s as part of SAC's plan to disperse its heavy bombers over a larger number of bases, thus making it more difficult for the Soviet Union to knock out the entire fleet with a surprise first strike. All of the "Strat" Wings had one squadron of B-52s containing 15 aircraft. Half of the planes were maintained on fifteen-minute alert, fully fueled, armed, and ready for combat. The remaining planes were used for training in bombardment missions and air refueling operations. Most of the "Strat Wings" also had a squadron of KC-135 tankers. The Strategic Wing designation was phased out in early 1963. In most cases, the aircraft and crews remained at the same base, but the wing (and its bomb squadron) were given new designations. The 4134th Strategic Wing was deactivated on 1 February 1963.
Concurrent with the inactivation of the 4134th SW, the 320th Bombardment Wing (320 BW) redeployed on paper from March AFB to Mather and absorbed its assets. It operated as a tenant unit from 1963 to 1989, initially with the B-52F Stratofortress before converting in 1968 to the B-52G. Operational squadrons in the 320 BW were the 441st Bombardment Squadron (441 BS) and the 904th Air Refueling Squadron (904 ARS), the latter flying the KC-135A Stratotanker. In addition to SAC nuclear alert, the 320 BW also conducted conventional operations, to include maritime missions in support of the U.S. Navy with aerial mines or AGM-84 Harpoon missiles. The 320 BW was inactivated on 30 September 1989.
The 940th Air Refueling Group (940 ARG), an Air Force Reserve unit, moved to Mather AFB in 1977, shortly after it transitioned to the KC-135A. Operationally-gained by SAC, the unit upgraded to the KC-135E in 1986. With SAC's inactivation in 1992, the unit was then operationally-gained by the Air Mobility Command (AMC) and redesignated the 940th Air Refueling Wing (940 ARW) of the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) in 1993. Following the closure of Mather AFB, the 940 ARW temporarily relocated to McClellan AFB from 1993 until that installation's closure in 1998. The wing then relocated to its current station of Beale AFB.
Mather AFB had a late 1940s/early 1950s Radar Bomb Scoring detachment of the 3903rd Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron (cf. 3903rd Det B at Treasure Island CA & 11th RBS Sq Det 3 at McClellan AFB), and the additional Mather AFB general surveillance radar station was established after a 2nd stage of "additional Lashup stations and heavy radar equipment [was] authorized" in the fall of 1949.:124 L-37 began operations with an AN/CPS-6 in June 1950, and the 668th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was assigned on January 1, 1951 to L-37, which later converted to AN/FPS-20A and AN/FPS-6 and AN/FPS-6B radars. By 1960 the station became a joint-use facility with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and in 1961, the two height-finder radars were removed. The station became part of the San Francisco Air Defense Sector with the radars providing radar data to the Beale DC-18 SAGE Direction Center via the CDTS at Mill Valley radar station (Z-38). The 668th was deactivated on September 1, 1961, and Det. 2 of the 666th Radar Squadron performed subsequent operations until inactivated on September 1, 1966. The FAA operates the Mather radar site with an AN/FPS-91A of the Joint Surveillance System (JSS).
On 1 October 1993, Mather AFB of 5,845 acres (2,365 ha) was decommissioned under the 1988 Base Realignment and Closure Commission, including 129 acres (522,000 m²) of easements. The base was primarily transferred to the Sacramento County, California, and was listed on the National Priorities List as a Superfund site on 22 July 1987. Current sites of the former AFB include:
- Sacramento Mather Airport (1995)
- Mather Regional Park
- Veterans Administration Medical Center
- FAA Northern California Terminal Radar Control TRACON
- Mather Community Campus, a transitional living facility (1995).
Major commands to which assigned
- Army Air Service, March 1918–22 June 1922
- Army Air Corps, 2 July 1926 – November 1932
- General Headquarters (GHQ) Air Force, 1 March 1935
- West Coast Training Center
- Redesignated: Air Force Combat Command, 20 June 1941
- Redesignated: Air Corps Flying Training Command, 23 January 1942
- Redesignated: AAF Flying Training Command, 15 March 1942
- Redesignated: AAF Training Command, 31 July 1943
- Air Transport Command, 1 October 1944
- Army Air Force Training Command, 20 December 1945
- Redesignated: Air Training Command, 1 July 1946
- Redesignated: Air Education and Training Command, 1 July-1 October 1993
- Attached to: Strategic Air Command, 1 May 1958 – 30 September 1979
- Fifteenth Air Force
- Second Air Force
- 47th Air Division, 30 June 1971 – 1 October 1972
- Attached to: Air Combat Command, 1 June 1992 – 30 September 1993
- Attached to: Strategic Air Command, 1 May 1958 – 30 September 1979
Note: Airfield served only for aerial forest patrol, beginning 8 January 1919. Was placed on inactive status, 22 June 1922; field closed, 12 May 1923. Airfield reactivated 1 April 1930; inactive status, 1 November 1932. Designated a subpost of Presidio U.S. Army post, San Francisco, unk-13 May 1935; designated a subpost of Hamilton Field, 13 May 1935; designated a subpost of Stockton Field, 21 February 1941; established as a separate post and activated, 13 May 1941.
Major units assigned
There are rare wetland vernal pools, which are " ... unique to California", and numerous plant and animal species that have existed on the site that became Mather Air Force Base. The chiefly grassland community continues to hold a considerable number of plants, mammals, birds and arthropods. Within the plant community are large numbers of native grass and forb species. An example native wildflower found here is the Yellow Mariposa Lily, Calochortus luteus. Another example is the Vernal Pool Buttercup, Ranunculus bonariensis var. trisepalus. Specifically the vernal pools at Mather are habitat to Ahart's Dwarf Rush Juncus leiospermus var. ahartii, Boggs Lake hedgehyssop Gratiola heterosepala, and the rare Legenere limosa.
- William R. Evinger: Directory of Military Bases in the U.S., Oryx Press, Phoenix, Ariz., 1991, p. 147.
- "3903rd Radar Bomb Scoring Group" (Web Bulletin Board). KoreanWar.org. Retrieved 2012-05-20. "Served…from October, 1957 to June, 1962. …Keesler AFB for tech school, then…at Los Angeles RBS site"
- Schaffel, Kenneth (1991). "Emerging Shield: The Air Force and the Evolution of Continental Air Defense 1945-1960" (45MB pdf). General Histories (Office of Air Force History). ISBN 0-912799-60-9. http://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/Publications/Annotations/schaffelemerging.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- "Mather Air Force Base Superfund site progress profile". EPA. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
- Mueller, Robert (1989). Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. USAF Reference Series, Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6
- Rogers, Brian (2005). United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978. Hinkley, England: Midland Publications. ISBN 1-85780-197-0.
- The Vernal Pools of Mather Field
- C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Yellow Mariposa Lily: Calochortus luteus, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg
- Plants of Mather Field
- Field Guide to the Vernal Pools of Mather Field, Sacramento County
- Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1961 (republished 1983, Office of Air Force History, ISBN 0-912799-02-1).
- Ravenstein, Charles A. Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Office of Air Force History 1984. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
- Mueller, Robert (1989). Volume 1: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. USAF Reference Series, Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, Washington, D.C. ISBN 0-912799-53-6, ISBN 0-16-002261-4