The Mountain region is the least populated region in Nepal. Only 6.73% of the total population of Nepal resides in this region. Besides that this are is highly affected. Some of the effects and their mitigating measures are discussed below:
- Use of forest and its protection: People use firewood as the source of energy. People cut down trees for shelter. They are using the forest for their daily needs. One of the ways to control this is by managing the alternative sources of energy in this region.
- Livestock farming and its management: People of the mountain region graze their domestic animals open land. There will be a lack of food for the wild animals. The animals may also interbreed with wild animals! it causes loss of heredity and transfer of communicable diseases. To protect these things from happening the domestic animals should be grazed in a particular place instead of grazing in the open land.
- Use of land and its conservation: Only 2% of this region is suitable for cultivation. People should terrace farming, drip irrigation, or scientific cultivation so that they can have more production even from the limited landmass.
- Solid waste problems and its management: The mountain region is a touristic region. Many mountaineers visit this region for trekking. They throw their solid waste during the trek, which can cause serious ecosystem interruption. Domestic or wild animals can be the direct victims of these pollutants. People should be aware of the adverse effects of pollution in the region.
- Herbal collection and its control: The mountain region is rich in herbal plants like Yarshagumba, Timur, etc. Many people collect such plants. The excessive collection of the plants may cause extinction. So, people should be made aware of the importance of rare species. They should collect it in a proper and scientific manner and the government should bring proper law and implement it.