What is emulsion in drilling fluid?
1. n. [Drilling Fluids] A dispersion of one immiscible liquid into another through the use of a chemical that reduces the interfacial tension between the two liquids to achieve stability.
What is emulsifier in drilling mud?
DRILLING MUD EMULSIFIERS. Emulsifiers are widely used to create invert emulsion fluids (to form a water-in-oil emulsion). These emulsifiers can incorporate a water phase inside the OBM, typically in a range of 10%-35% water-in-oil, and up to a maximum of a 50% water fraction.
What is water-based mud used for?
Water-based muds provide stable drilling and have comparable performance to oil-based muds, but have additional benefits including: Being more environmentally-friendly than oil-based muds. Can be used in land spreading operations due to their non-toxic nature. Provide more information to the drilling engineers.
What is emulsion in crude oil?
An oil emulsion is a mixture of oil, water, and an emulsifying agent. It contains fine water droplets dispersed in oil. In a crude oil emulsion, the quantity of water droplets is usually less than 10%. Occasionally, an emulsion occurs that contains droplets of oil dispersed in water.
What is direct emulsion?
A direct emulsion is one that is applied to the screen in liquid form with a scoop coater. This type of emulsion has specific qualities that differ from capillary film stencils. Capillary film is the type that is applied as a film in roll form with a smooth water squeegee.
What is primary emulsifier?
Primary Emulsifying Agent is a type of emulsifier,it made of fatty acid and amine. Primary emulsifier composition are emulsifier concentrate surfactants ,fatty acid and base oil. The appearance of primary emulsifying agent is dark liquid,primary emulsifier used for formulating stable oil based invert emulsion.
Which is primary emulsifier?
The primary emulsifier is generally a fatty acid or modified fatty acid with a lower HLB value. The secondary emulsifier has a higher HLB value, which can stabilize the emulsion and also wet the solid phase.
What is the difference between oil based mud and water-based mud?
Oil-Based muds can be formulated to withstand high temperatures over long periods of time, however, Water-Based mud can break down and lead to loss of viscosity and fluid loss control. The initial cost of Oil-Based mud is high, especially those formulations based on mineral or synthetic fluids.
Is bentonite a water-based mud?
The main component of water base mud is clay (mostly bentonite). Bentonite is a geological term for a rock which contains montmorillonite as its major component. A good bentonite for a drilling fluid requires montmorillonite with sodium and calcium as the minor-cations associated with its exchange sites.
What is invert emulsion oil mud?
An invert mud can be formulated with mineral oil or other low environmental risk oil substitutes when needed. In this mud, water and chemicals are used together to control viscosity and fluid loss. Invert emulsion muds provide good hole protection and are the most commonly used oil mud.
What is oil-based mud?
Oil-based mud is a drilling fluid used in drilling engineering. It is composed of oil as the continuous phase and water as the dispersed phase in conjunction with emulsifiers, wetting agents and gellants. The oil base can be diesel, kerosene, fueloil, selected crude oil or mineral oil. – wiki emulsified within the oil.
What are the advantages of using emulsion MUDs for drilling?
Presence of any water in the HPHT filtrate is an indication of emulsion instability. The advantages of drilling with emulsion muds rather than with water-base muds are: Reduction in differential sticking. Oil-base muds are generally expensive and should be used when conditions justify their application.
How to reduce the cost of oil mud?
The oil mud can be conditioned before being used again by reducing the drill solids content with mechanical removal equipment. The initial cost of oil mud is high, especially formulations based on mineral or synthetic fluids. The high cost can be offset by oil mud buy-back or leasing from the mud service company.