Muri (Japanese term)
Muri (無理?) is a Japanese word meaning "unreasonableness; impossible; beyond one's power; too difficult; by force; perforce; forcibly; compulsorily; excessiveness; immoderation", and is a key concept in the Toyota Production System (TPS) as one of the three types of waste (muda, mura, muri).
Avoidance of muri in Toyota manufacturing
Muri can be avoided through standardized work. To achieve this a standard condition or output must be defined to assure effective judgment of quality. Then every process and function must be reduced to its simplest elements for examination and later recombination. The process must then be standardized to achieve the standard condition. This is done by taking simple work elements and combining them, one-by-one into standardized work sequences. In manufacturing, this includes:
- Work Flow, or logical directions to be taken,
- Repeatable Process Steps and Machine Processes, or Rational methods to get there, and
- Takt time, or reasonable lengths of time and endurance allowed for a process.
When everyone knows the standard condition, and the standardized work sequences, the results observed include
- Heightened employee morale (due to close examination of ergonomics and safety),
- higher quality,
- improved productivity, and
- reduced costs.
In fact the big contribution of Henry Ford and his manufacturing techniques was the reduction of Muri and not so much the production line itself. In order for the production line to function each station on the line had to achieve standard work because the next station was only equipped to work on standard condition components.
The Ford production line approximates to an implementation of Takt time which gives enough time to perform the standard work.
- Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary (2003), 5th edition, Tokyo: Kenkyusha, p. 2537.
- Emiliani, Bob; Stec, David; Grasso, Lawrence; Stodder, James (2007). Better thinking, better results: case study and analysis of an enterprise-wide lean transformation (2nd ed.). Kensington, Conn: Center for Lean Business Management. ISBN 978-0-9722591-2-5.