Holy Roman emperor, King of Hungary (1657-1705), King of Bohemia. He was an absolutist ruler, fought with the French for the European hegemony, supressed the estates all over his empire. He was characterised by counter-reformation, anti-protestant policy which was mostly successful, however in Hungary it could not be fully implemented. The Wesselényi-uprising, the bujdosó movement, and the Thököly-uprising (1678-1685), the Tokaj Hegyalja uprising and the Rákóczi uprising all appeared as a result of his policies. He managed to make Hungary a hereditary province (diet of Pozsony, 1687) and liberated Hungary from the Turks except for the Temesköz (1799 peace of Karlowitz), inviting Serbians for the military protection of the south (Diploma Leopoldium, 1691).