The Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey is one of the main mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of the MDGs and PRSP. It provides a set of representative, population-based estimates of social indicators and their progress under MDGs and PRSP. These include ‘intermediate’ as well as ‘output’ measures, which assess what is being provided by the social sectors – enrolment rates in education, for example. They include a range of ‘outcome’ measures, which assess the welfare of the population immunisation rate, for example.
An important objective of the PSLM Survey is to try to establish what is the distributional impact of different government programs carried out in Social Sectors. Policymakers need to know, for example, whether the poor have benefited from the programme or whether increased government expenditure on the social sectors has been captured by the better off.
In the remainder of this introduction, a description of the results of PSLM 2008-09 Survey is provided. In the following chapters, data relating to Education, Health, Household Assets /Amenities, Immunisation, Pre- and Post-natal Care and Satisfaction by Facilities and Service use are given.
Objectives and scope of analysis
This is the analytical report of the 5th round of PSLM Survey. It provides an overview of the findings in all sectors and compares them with previous rounds of PSLM. Given that the PSLM is a large, complex household survey that collects information on a number of different topics, the tabulation presented here comprises of important tables at National/Provincial level and more detailed analytical reports covering district level indicators will follow.
Universe: The universe of this survey consists of all urban and rural areas of the four provinces and Islamabad excluding military restricted areas.
Sampling Frame: FBS has developed its own urban area frame, which was up-dated in 2003. Each city / town has been divided into enumeration blocks consisting of 200-250 households identifiable through sketch map. Each enumeration block has been classified into three categories of income groups i.e. low, middle and high, keeping in view the living standard of the majority of the people. List of villages published by Population Census Organization obtained as a consequence of Population Census 1998 has been taken as rural frame. Detailed Sampling Frame for PSLM 2008-09 can be seen at Appendix A
A. Urban Domain: Islamabad, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot, Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Peshawar and Quetta have been considered as large sized cities. Each of these cities constitutes a separate stratum and has further been sub-stratified according to low, middle and high-income groups. After excluding population of large sized cities, the remaining urban population in each district in all the provinces has been grouped together to form a stratum.
B. Rural Domain: Each district in the four provinces of Pakistan has been treated as an independent stratum.
Sample Size and Its Allocation: Keeping in view the objectives of the survey the sample size for the four provinces has been fixed at 75188 households comprising 5298 sample villages / enumeration blocks, which is expected to produce reliable results at each district.
Sample Design: A two-stage stratified sample design has been adopted in this survey.
Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs): Villages and enumeration blocks in urban and rural areas respectively have been taken as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). Sample PSUs have been selected from strata/sub-strata with PPS method of sampling technique.
Selection of Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs): Households within sample PSUs have been taken as Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs). A specified number of households i.e 16 and 12 from each sample PSU of rural & urban areas have been selected respectively using systematic sampling technique with a random start.