391 Places In The New Testament Where Jesus’ Crucifixion And Resurrection Are Described
One of the allegations that has been leveled against the New Testament regarding the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus, is the idea that the writers of the four Gospels made up the supernatural parts of the Gospel texts. Critics claim that Jesus did not claim to be God, He never performed miracles, and He was not raised from the dead.
When we conduct our own examination in the entire text of the New Testament, we find that 25 of 27 books from the New Testament, validate Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection by 391 citations.
Why is this important? The New Testament exists today with precisely the same text that describes Jesus’ claim to be God, His miracles which prove He is God and were all a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies for the Messiah, and His crucifixion and resurrection from the dead.
Even with all of the textual variants that are listed, we never find that any of these slight changes have affected Jesus claim to be God, His miracles, or His resurrection.
The New Testament does not exist as one book, but as a compilation of 27 books that were written, from shortly after Jesus’ resurrection, until the death of John—after he wrote the book of Revelation near 90 A.D. Critics of the New Testament often give us the idea that only the four Gospels describe the miracles of Jesus; His death and resurrection, and these citations are very limited. In truth, the entire body of the New Testament presents us with tremendous evidence that Jesus had the capabilities that we would expect of God, should He come to earth and seek to prove His existence to us.
This page lists the books of the New Testament where every specific reference to Jesus crucifixion and resurrection occurs. You will see that there are 391 references throughout the New Testament, leaving us with no doubt that these events are fully validated.
In the following examples, you will see that there is extensive support for Jesus’ death and resurrection in 25 of 27 books of the New Testament. If Jesus did not rise from the dead after He was crucified, how is it that nine authors, wrote 25 books with the facts of Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection as primary reasons for writing these books and letters?
Remember that 14 of the 27 books of the New Testament are letters, not novels or stories. Letters of correspondence between two people carries significantly greater weight for believability than those alleged by stories or novels.
The allegation that the narratives of Jesus are myths, cannot be supported by the existence of 14 letters. These New Testament letters were written as correspondence between parties for the sake of communication. Letters written between people are considered extremely important in validating genuine events. Letters present us with candid and open communication that are honest and truthful, in contrast to the self protected language of official documents. Historians value personal letters far more than any other form of historical document, specifically because they are more believable.
It is nearly impossible to forge false events by the writing of letters. These methods of communication are not for the purpose of storytelling, but to communicate facts between real persons. We see in Paul’s letters that He wrote while in prison at Rome (Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon), genuine and sincere communications to people he cared deeply for, and wanted these persons to know the truth about Jesus.
When we analyze texts from two different letters written by Paul to Philemon and Tychicus, regarding the slave, Onesimus who ran away from Philemon, we see examples of genuine texts.
When Onesimus was in Rome, he met Paul and believed in Jesus as Lord and Savior. Tychicus was a pastor at the church who met at Philemon’s home in the city of Colosse. Tychicus was also in Rome for a meeting with Paul, discussing problems that were occurring in the church. Paul wrote these letters at the same time, addressing the issues of Onesimus to his friends—Tychicus, and Philemon, in the letters of Ephesians, Colossians, and Philemon.
It was also during this time that Paul sent Onesimus back to his master, Philemon. These letters were written near 62 A.D. while Paul was in prison at Rome to determine whether he would be executed for crimes that were alleged by the Emperor.
These letters of communication are examples of why the New Testament is absolutely reliable. They are clearly written with the intent of communication, not as a story or myth. They also provides us with evidence of the time when they were written, for Paul was executed in 68 A.D., validated by the secular records of the Romans.
Paul was not seeking to create a fictional character in Jesus, or publish a novel that would delight the imaginations of readers, but simply to teach, instruct, correct, and rebuke people who would receive his communications.
Notice, in the following texts, the personal nature of Paul’s letters which gives us certainty that they were not written to deceive us because they were never written with the intention of reaching us, but those who were struggling with a variety of difficulties in the days in which Paul wrote.
“Be diligent to come to me quickly; for Demas has forsaken me, having loved this present world, and has departed for Thessalonica—Crescens for Galatia, Titus for Dalmatia. Only Luke is with me. Get Mark and bring him with you, for he is useful to me for ministry. And Tychicus I have sent to Ephesus. Bring the cloak that I left with Carpus at Troas when you come—and the books, especially the parchments.” ~2 Timothy 4:9-13
“Greet Priscilla and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus, who risked their own necks for my life, to whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles. Likewise greet the church that is in their house.” ~Romans 16:3-5
Read the introductions and endings of all Paul’s letters and you will see that all of his letters were not written as stories, but communication between persons. You and I are privileged readers who are looking over the shoulder of Paul as he writes correspondence between himself and other Christian believers who were experiencing great difficulties. Paul is writing from prison where he is suffering, yet not concerned about himself, but the lives of others who are also going through terrible times of persecution and death.
Paul is not writing a novel to sell the world a mythological person who rose from the dead. He is communicating love and encouragement, to real persons who also just happened to hear the news of Jesus’ death and resurrection as encouragement to continue in their suffering and eventual death. These letters give us the opportunity to see firsthand what it was like in these ancient days of early Christianity.
Understanding the premise of these letters, while seeing the overwhelming and frequently repeated theme of Jesus’ death and resurrection, allows us to see how valuable the New Testament is in validating the narratives of Jesus as true and reliable historical events.
The Following Are 391 Places In The New Testament Where Jesus Death And Resurrection Are Cited:
- Matthew 12:39-40, The sign of Jonah
- Matthew 16:4, The sign of Jonah
- Matthew 16:21, Killed and raised the third day
- Matthew 17:9, Tell no one until I am risen from the dead
- Matthew 17:12, the Son of Man is about to suffer (crucifixion)
- Matthew 17:22-23, Son of Man killed and raised
- Matthew 20:22, Drink the cup and be baptized (crucifixion for our sins)
- Matthew 20:28, Give My life as a ransom for many
- Matthew 21:37-39, Parable of the landowner-gives son-killed by workers
- Matthew 23:34, They kill and crucify the prophets (Jesus is a prophet)
- Matthew 26:2, In two days, Son of man crucified
- Matthew 26:24, Son of Man goes as it is written (to be crucified)
- Matthew 26:28, This is my blood that is shed
- Matthew 26:54-56, The scriptures must be fulfilled (Messiah crucified)
- Matthew 26:61, Jesus would rise on the third day after his body (temple) is killed
- Matthew 26:64, Jesus said they will see Him at God’s right hand (risen)
- Matthew 27:1, Chief priest/Elder plot Jesus crucifixion
- Matthew 27:22-23 The people shout to Pilat, “crucify Jesus”
- Matthew 27:26, Pilate releases Jesus to be crucified
- Matthew 27:32, Simon compelled to carry Jesus’ cross
- Matthew 27:35, They crucified Jesus
- Matthew 27:42, People shout at Jesus, “come down from the cross”
- Matthew 27:44, The robbers with Jesus are also crucified
- Matthew 27:50, Jesus yielded His Spirit and died
- Matthew 27:58-60, Joseph of Arimathea, takes Jesus, places Him in the tomb
- Matthew 27:63, Leader of Israel worry Jesus will rise from the dead
- Matthew 27:66, They make Jesus tomb secure
- Matthew 28:5-6, Angel says Jesus was crucified, He is now risen, tell others
- Matthew 28:9-10, The risen Jesus appears to the women at the tomb
- Matthew 28:16-20, Jesus appears at Galilee to the disciples, commanding them
- Mark 8:31, Son of man must be killed and raised
- Mark 8:34-35, we must take up the cross just as Jesus did
- Mark 9:9, Don’t tell what you have seen until Jesus is risen
- Mark 9:31, The Son of man will be killed and rise from the dead
- Mark 10:38, Can you drink the cup of judgement (death) for sins?
- Mark 10:45, The Son of man gives His life as a ransom for many
- Mark 12:6-8, Parable of Vinedresser, Son killed (Jesus)
- Mark 14:8, Mary anoints Jesus for burial
- Mark 14:22-24, This is My body given for you (crucifixion)
- Mark 14:28, Jesus says “after I am raised, I will go to Galilee”
- Mark 14:36, Jesus prays that the Father will take away the cross
- Mark 14:55, The chief priests plot Jesus’ crucifixion
- Mark 14:58, False witnesses recite Jesus prophecy of resurrection
- Mark 14:62, Jesus said, “you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand.”
- Mark 14:64, They all condemned Jesus to death
- Mark 15:12-14 “What do you want me to do with Jesus? Crucify Him.”
- Mark 15:15, Pilate…delivered Jesus, scourged, to be crucified
- Mark 15:20, They led Jesus out to be crucified
- Mark 15:21, They compelled Simon to carry Jesus’ cross
- Mark 15:24, And when they crucified Jesus they divided His garments
- Mark 15:25, Now it was the third hour when they crucified Jesus
- Mark 15:27, With Jesus they also crucified two robbers
- Mark 15:30 Save yourself, Jesus, come down from the cross
- Mark 15:31-32, Chief priests say, “let the Christ come down from the cross.”
- Mark 15:32, Even those crucified with Him, reviled Him
- Mark 15:43, Joseph of Arimathea asks Pilate for Jesus body
- Mark 15:44, Pilate marveled that Jesus was already dead
- Mark 15:46, They wrapped Jesus body and placed Him in the tomb
- Mark 16:6, Angel says, “Jesus who was crucified, He is risen”
- Mark 16:7, Angel tells them to go to Galilee where they will see Jesus alive
- Mark 16:9, Jesus rose early on the first day of the week
- Mark 16:9, Risen Jesus appeared to Mary Magdalene
- Mark 16:11 People who heard Jesus was alive did not believe
- Mark 16:12, Jesus appears to two disciples (Emmaus)
- Mark 16:13, The rest of the disciples do not believe Jesus is risen
- Mark 16:14, Jesus appears to eleven disciples
- Mark 16:19, Jesus returns to heaven before the disciples
- Luke 9:22, Jesus, will be rejected, killed and rise from the dead
- Luke 9:23, Take up your cross, as I took up mine
- Luke 11:29-32, Sign of Jonah, three days, then risen
- Luke 12:50, Baptism of crucifixion
- Luke 13:32, On the third day I will be perfected (raised)
- Luke 16:30-31, Jesus came back from the dead, they still do not believe
- Luke 18:31-33, Jesus will fulfill the prophets, killed and rise the third day
- Luke 20:14-15, Parable of vineyard, Son killed
- Luke 22:15, Jesus Eat the Passover before suffering crucifixion
- Luke 22:19-20, Jesus’ body given for us
- Luke 22:37, Jesus fulfills prophecy of killed with transgressors
- Luke 22:42, Jesus: “Father take away the cup of suffering” (crucifixion)
- Luke 22:69, the Son of man sitting on God’s right hand (risen)
- Luke 23:21-22, The people shout, “crucify Him”
- Luke 23:24, Pilate gives Jesus the sentence of crucifixion
- Luke 23:36, Simon must carry Jesus cross
- Luke 23:32, There were two criminals with Jesus to be crucified
- Luke 23:33, They came to Calvary, and there they crucified Jesus
- Luke 23:43, Jesus tells thief crucified with Him, “today you will be with me”
- Luke 23:46, Jesus commits His Spirit in death, breaths His last
- Luke 23:52-53, Joseph of Arimathea asks for Jesus’ body, lays it in a tomb
- Luke 23:55-56, Woman prepare Jesus body, in the tomb
- Luke 24:1-2, Stone rolled away, Jesus is risen
- Luke 24:5, Angels, ask “why do you seek the living among the dead?
- Luke 24:6-7, Jesus is not here, He is risen, crucified, rise on the third day
- Luke 24:15, Jesus alive on the road to Emmaus
- Luke 24:25-26, Jesus teaches that He was predicted to rise the third day
- Luke 24:31, Jesus hands the bread, they see His nail scars
- Luke 24:34, Disciples return from Emmaus, tell other Jesus is risen
- Luke 24:36, Jesus suddenly appears in the room, risen
- Luke 24:39, Jesus tells the disciples to touch Him, He is not a spirit
- Luke 24:44-46, Jesus tells the disciples, the prophets predicted He would suffer, be crucified, and rise on the third day.
- John 1:29, 36, John the Baptist; “Behold the Lamb of God”
- John 2:18-22, Destroy this temple I will raise it in three days
- John 3:14, The Son must be lifted up
- John 6:51-58, Jesus gives His life as bread from heaven to be received
- John 6:62, What if you see the Son of Man ascend (rise) to where He was?
- John 7:1, The Jewish leaders want to crucify Jesus
- John 7:25, Is this not Jesus whom they seek to kill?
- John 7:33-36, Jesus predicts His resurrection and ascension
- John 8:21, Jesus tells the Pharisees He is going away (death,
- John 8:28, When you lift up (crucify) the Son of Man you will know I am He
- John 8:40, But now you seek to kill (crucify) Me
- John 10:15, I Lay down My life for the sheep
- John 10:17-18, Lay down My life (crucifixion), take it again (resurrection)
- John 11:25 I am the resurrection and the life
- John 11:32 Jesus has the power of resurrection, “my brother would not die”
- John 11:43-44 Jesus has the power of resurrection, “Lazarus come forth”
- John 11:50-51, Caiaphas prophesied Jesus’ death, “better for one man to die”
- John 11:53, From that day (lazarus’ resurrection) they plotted to kill Jesus
- John 12:1, Recounting how Jesus resurrected Lazarus
- John 12:7, May anoints Jesus for His death
- John 12:9, Leaders of the Jews come to see Lazarus whom Jesus raised
- John 12:17, Witnesses recount how Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead
- John 12:23, Hour has come, the Son of Man to be glorified (resurrected)
- John 12:24, Unless a grain of wheat dies, describing His crucifixion
- John 12:27, Save me from this hour? For this purpose I came (to be crucified)
- John 12:32-34, Son of Man lifted up (crucified)
- John 13:1, Jesus knew His hour to die had come
- John 13:31, “Now the Son of Man is glorified” (by death and resurrection)
- John 13:33, “Where I am going, you cannot follow” (death and resurrection)
- John 13:36, Peter will follow Jesus later (crucifixion and resurrection)
- John 14:2-4 Jesus goes by death and resurrection to prepare a place for us
- John 14:5-6 Jesus to Thomas: “I am the way,” by My death and resurrection
- John 14:28, Jesus is going away and coming back; death, resurrection, return
- John 16:5,10, Jesus is going away, by His crucifixion and resurrection
- John 16:11, (satan) is judged by Jesus’ death and resurrection
- John 16:16-20, “You will not see me, then see me,” death and resurrection
- John 16:33, Jesus overcame the world by death and resurrection
- John 17:1, The Father is glorified by Jesus death and resurrection
- John 17:11-12, Now I am no longer in the world, crucifixion
- John 17:24, The saved will be with Jesus by His death and resurrection
- John 18:4, Jesus knows He will be crucified and resurrected
- John 18:11, “Shall I not drink of the cup (crucifixion) My Father gave me?”
- John 18:14-15, Caiaphas prophesied Jesus must die for all
- John 18:30, Jesus delivered as an evildoer to be crucified
- John 18:31-32, Jewish leaders do not have the right to crucify Jesus
- John 19:6, Chief priests, officers cry “crucify Him.”
- John 19:7, Pharisees, “we have a law, Jesus must be crucified.”
- John 19:10, Pilate, “I have the power to crucify you.”
- John 19:15, Jewish leaders: “away with Jesus, crucify Him”
- John 19:16, “Then they delivered Jesus to be crucified”
- John 19:17, Jesus bearing His cross went to Golgotha
- John 19:18, They crucified Jesus with two others
- John 19:20, Pilate makes a sign for Jesus, where He was crucified
- John 19:23-24, When they crucified Jesus, soldiers gambled for them
- John 19:25, Jesus’ mother, her sister, two Mary’s stand at Jesus’ cross
- John 19:28, Jesus knowing the scriptures are fulfilled (predicting crucifixion)
- John 19:30, Jesus dies on the cross
- John 19:31, Jesus body must be taken down for Sabbath
- John 19:32-33, Soldiers come to break Jesus legs, He is already dead
- John 19:34, Soldier pierces Jesus side, blood and water, confirming death
- John 19:35, John swears he is telling the truth about Jesus’ crucifixion/death
- John 19:36-37, Jesus’ crucifixion fulfills the scriptures
- John 19:38-40, Joseph, Nicodemus, prepare Jesus’ body for burial
- John 19:41-42, Jesus was crucified near a garden tomb, Jesus placed there
- John 20:1, Mary Magdalene goes to Jesus’ tomb, He is gone, resurrection
- John 20:2, Mary tells the disciples Jesus is not in the tomb, resurrection
- John 20:4, Peter and John run to the tomb
- John 20:5-8, Grave cloths are intact in form of body, Peter, John believe
- John 20:9, Disciples unknowing the scriptures predict Messiah’s resurrection
- John 20:11-14, Mary sees risen Jesus outside tomb, doesn’t recognize Him
- John 20:15, Risen Jesus speaks to Mary
- John 20:17, Jesus tells Mary He will ascend to heaven
- John 20:18, Mary tells the disciples she saw the risen Jesus
- John 20:19, Jesus appears to the disciples in a closed room.
- John 20:20, Jesus shows the disciples His hands and feet, marks of nails
- John 20:21-22, Risen Jesus speaks, gives disciples the Holy Spirit
- John 20:25, Disciples tell absent Thomas, Jesus is risen, does not believe
- John 20:26 Eight days later, Jesus appears to disciples and Thomas
- John 20:27, Jesus tells Thomas to touch marks of His crucifixion
- John 20:28, Thomas calls the risen Jesus, Lord and God
- John 20:29, Jesus says blessed are those who do not see but believe
- John 20:30, Risen Jesus does many other “signs” proving He is alive
- John 20:31, John writes, “theses things were written so you might believe”
- John 21:1, Jesus shows Himself risen to disciples at lake Galilee
- John 21:2, Seven disciples are at lake Galilee, see Jesus alive
- John 21:4, Risen Jesus is seen on the shore of Galilee
- John 21:5 Jesus asks the disciples for food to eat
- John 21:6, Risen Jesus instructs disciples to cast nets
- John 21:7, John says to Peter, the man on the shore is the risen Jesus
- John 21:10, Jesus asks the disciples to bring Him fish to eat
- John 21:12, Risen Jesus invites disciples to eat with Him
- John 21:13, Risen Jesus gives bread and fish to the disciples
- John 21:14, This is the third time the risen Jesus appeared to the disciples
- John 21:15-17, Risen Jesus teaches Peter about sacrificial love
- John 21:18, Risen Jesus instructs Peter to feed His sheep the word of God
- John 21:19, Risen Jesus tells Peter he will also die by crucifixion
- John 21:20, Peter asks the risen Jesus, “what about John?”
- John 20:21, Risen Jesus tells Peter to worry about his own walk
- John 20:22-23, Risen Jesus asserts His sovereignty as God
- John 20:24, John confirms that all these things about the crucified and risen Jesus are true.
- Acts 1:3, Jesus presented Himself alive after crucifixion for 40 days
- Acts 1:4-8, Jesus’ words He spoke after the resurrection
- Acts 1:10-11, Resurrected Jesus, ascending back to heaven
- Acts 1:22, Peter testifies to Jesus resurrection and ascension which he saw
- Acts 2:23-24, Peter describes Jesus crucified and raised from the dead
- Acts 2:25-28, Peter quotes prophecy of Messiah’s death and resurrection
- Acts 2:31, David predicted Jesus’ resurrection
- Acts 2:32, Peter is a witness of David’s prophecy of the resurrection
- Acts 2:36, Peter tells Jewish leaders God made the crucified Jesus Lord and Christ
- Acts 3:13-16, 18, Prophecy of Jesus killed and raised
- Acts 3:26, God raised Jesus from the dead
- Acts 4:2, Peter and John teach resurrection in Jesus
- Acts 4:10, Healing through Jesus, crucified and raised
- Acts 4:33, Apostles gave witness to the resurrection of Jesus
- Acts 5:28, Leader of Israel are blamed for Jesus’ crucifixion
- Acts 5:30-31, Peter says God raised Jesus and exalted Him
- Acts 7:52, Stephen condemns leaders of Israel for crucifying Jesus
- Acts 10:39-43, Peter says they are witness of Jesus, death and resurrection
- Acts 13:23, God raised a Savior for Israel
- Acts 13:27-31, Jesus fulfilled prophecy; condemned, crucified, raised, seen by witnesses
- Acts 13:33, Paul: God raised Jesus, fulfilled Psalms 2
- Acts: 13:34, Paul: God raised Jesus, fulfilled Isaiah 53:3
- Acts 13:35, Paul: God raised Jesus, fulfilled Psalms 16:10
- Acts 13:37, Paul: Jesus’s body did not decay, He was raised
- Acts 17:3, Paul teaches: Jesus had to suffer and rise again
- Acts 17:10-12, Bereans search the prophecies, believe Jesus died and rose
- Acts 17:18, Paul teaches Greek philosophers Jesus, death and resurrection
- Acts 17:31-32, God gave assurance by raising Jesus from the dead
- Acts 20:28, Paul: Jesus purchased His church with His blood
- Acts 22:6-8, Paul meets the risen Jesus
- Acts 22:15, Ananias: Paul is a witness of Jesus’ resurrection
- Acts 22:18, The Risen Jesus tells Paul to leave Jerusalem
- Acts 22:21, The risen Jesus sends Paul to the Gentiles
- Acts 23:6-8, Paul to the Sadducees, preaches resurrection of the dead
- Acts 23:11, The risen Jesus instructs Paul to go to Rome
- Acts 24:15, Paul preaches a resurrection and judgement
- Acts 24:21, Paul judged for preaching Jesus’ resurrection
- Acts 25:19, Festus tells Agrippa, Paul said Jesus was crucified, but now alive
- Acts 26:14-18, Paul before Agrippa, testifying he saw the risen Jesus
- Acts 26:22-23, Paul tells Agrippa he is accused of testifying what the prophets predicted; a Messiah crucified and risen
- Romans 1:4, Jesus, Son of God by the resurrection from the dead
- Romans 3:24-25, Our redemption by faith through in Jesus’ blood (death)
- Romans 4:24, Righteousness is imputed by God who raised Jesus
- Romans 4:25, Jesus was delivered (crucified) and raised
- Romans 5:6, Jesus died for the ungodly
- Romans 5:10, We are reconciled by Jesus’ death, saved by His life
- Romans 5:15-19, The gift of Jesus’ death abounds to many, justified
- Romans 6:3, Believers baptized into Jesus dead
- Romans 6:6-7, Our old nature was crucified with Jesus
- Romans 6:8, If we died with Jesus we will be raised with Jesus
- Romans 6:9, Jesus having been raised, cannot die again, death has no power
- Romans 6:10, The death Jesus died, the life He now lives
- Romans 6:11-13, Christians are dead like Christ, alive like Christ
- Romans 7:4, Believers dead to the law, married to Christ who was raised
- Romans 7:6, Dead to the law (crucified), alive (raised) to the Spirit
- Romans 8:10, Christ in us, the body dead (crucified) because of sin but alive (raised), by righteousness
- Romans 8:11, If the Spirit that raised Jesus, lives in you, you will be raised
- Romans 8:17-18, If we suffer with Christ (crucified) we will be glorified (risen) with Him.
- Romans 8:32, God did not spare His Son but crucified Him for us
- Romans 8:34, Jesus, who died, and is risen, intercedes for us
- Romans 10:6-7, Faith is contrast with Jesus’ death and resurrection
- Romans 10:9, Salvation is by confession that Jesus rose from the dead
- Romans 14:9, Jesus died and rose and lived again
- Romans 14:11, Paul quotes Isaiah 45:23, a Messianic prophecy, applies it to Jesus, a risen Savior
- Romans 14:15, Describing the death of Jesus to make reconciliation possible
- Romans 16:25-26, Paul’s allusion to the risen Messiah of prophecy to Jesus in His death and resurrection
- 1 Corinthians 1:13–Paul crucified for you?
- 1 Corinthians 1:17-18–Cross of Christ
- 1 Corinthians 1:23–Christ crucified
- 1 Corinthians 2:2–Know Jesus Christ and Him crucified
- 1 Corinthians 2:8–Crucified Lord of glory
- 1 Corinthians 5:7–Christ Passover sacrificed for us
- 1 Corinthians 6:14–God raised up the Lord
- 1 Corinthians 6:19-20–Bought with price
- 1 Corinthians 8:11–Weak brother perish for whom Christ died?
- 1 Corinthians 10:16–Body and blood-bread and wine
- 1 Corinthians 11:23-29–Received/delivered: body/blood
- 1 Corinthians 15:1-8–Creedal material on death and resurrection that Paul received
- 1 Corinthians 15 – Resurrection–the importance of the resurrection
- 2 Corinthians 1:9–Trust God which raiseth the dead
- 2 Corinthians 2:12–Preach Christ’s gospel-4:3-4, 10:14, 11:4
- 2 Corinthians 4:10–Dying of Lord Jesus
- 2 Corinthians 4:11–Life of Jesus
- 2 Corinthians 4:14–Jesus raised: so will we
- 2 Corinthians 5:14-15–Jesus’ death and resurrection
- 2 Corinthians 5:21–Jesus made sin for us
- 2 Corinthians 13:4–Crucified by weakness: lives by the power of God
- Galatians 1:1–God raised Jesus
- Galatians 1:4–Jesus gave himself for our sins
- Galatians 1:6-10–Another gospel
- Galatians 1:11-12–Taught gospel by revelation
- Galatians 1-2–Conversion and gospel; Possible location where Paul received the 1 Cor. 15:3-8 creed?
- Galatians 2:2–Communicated gospel-doubt in Paul’s mind?
- Galatians 2:20–Crucified with Christ-Christ gave Himself for me
- Galatians 2:21–Christ died to free us from the law
- Galatians 3:1–Jesus crucified among them
- Galatians 3:13–Christ redeemed us from the law by being hanged on a tree
- Galatians 5:11–Offense of the cross
- Galatians 6:12–Persecution for the cross of Christ
- Galatians 6:14–Glory only in the cross
- Galatians 6:17–Marks of the Lord Jesus
- Ephesians 1:7–Redemption through blood
- Ephesians 1:20–Christ raised and set in heavenly places-above all-Jesus exalted
- Ephesians 2:6–Raised us up to sit with Christ
- Ephesians 2:13–Made nigh by blood of Christ
- Ephesians 2:16–Reconcile by cross
- Ephesians 5:25–Christ gave Himself for the Church
- Philippians 1:7–Defense and confirmation of the gospel (cf. 1:17)
- Philippians 1:29–Suffer for His sake
- Philippians 2:5-11–Jesus humbled, died, exalted and glorified. This is considered a hymn by many scholars which has an early date.
- Philippians 2:10-11–Know Him and the power of His resurrection-conformed to his death and sufferings
- Philippians 3:18–Enemies of the cross of Christ
- Colossians 1:14–Redemption though blood
- Colossians 1:20–Peace through blood of cross
- Colossians 1:21-22–Reconciled through His death
- Colossians 2:11-13–Put off sins by circumcision of Christ-buried and raised by baptism
- Colossians 2:14–Nailed it to the cross
- Colossians 2:20–Dead with Christ
- Colossians 3:1–Risen with Christ
- Colossians 3:3–Dead: life hid with Christ
- 1 Thessalonians 1:10, Wait for Jesus’ return who rose from the dead
- 1 Thessalonians 1:15, The Jews killed the Lord Jesus
- 1 Thessalonians 1:19, You are our crown at the return of the risen Jesus
- 1 Thessalonians 4:14, Jesus died and rose again, will bring with him those who sleep in Jesus
- 1 Thessalonians 4:15, Those alive when the risen Jesus returns
- 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17, Risen Jesus will descend to earth from heaven, catch away living and dead believers
- 1 Thessalonians 5:2, Risen Jesus returns on the Day of the Lord
- 1 Thessalonians 5:10, Jesus, who died for us, we will live with Him
1 Thessalonians 5:23, May God present you blameless at the coming of the risen Jesus
- 2 Thessalonians 1:7-10, The risen Jesus will return to earth
- 2 Thessalonians 2:1, Paul describes the coming of the risen Jesus
- 1 Timothy 2:6–Gave Himself a ransom for all
- 1 Timothy 3:16–Manifested in the flesh, justified in the Spirit
- 2 Timothy 1:10–Jesus abolished death: brought life and immortality to light through gospel
- 2 Timothy 2:8–Jesus raised from dead according to the gospel
- 2 Timothy 2:11-12–Suffer and live with Christ
- 2 Timothy 2:18–Resurrection past–claim of heretics
- Hebrews 1:3–Purged sins-set down in heaven
- Hebrews 2:9–Jesus made lower for suffering of death
- Hebrews 2:14–Death-destroyed him who had power over death
- Hebrews 5:3–Offer for sins
- Hebrews 6:2–Resurrection of dead
- Hebrews 6:6–Crucify Son of God afresh
- Hebrews 7:16–Power of an endless life
- Hebrews 9:7-28–Blood, death
- Hebrews 9-10–Blood and death
- Hebrews 10:12–Blood
- Hebrews 10:28–Sacrifice for sins
- Hebrews 10:29–Blood of [New] Covenant
- Hebrews 11:35–Better resurrection
- Hebrews 12:2–Endured cross-throne of God now
- Hebrews 12:24–Jesus mediator of New Covenant with blood
- Hebrews 13:12–Jesus suffered, blood sanctifies us
- Hebrews 13:20–God brought Jesus back from dead, blood of covenant
- James 5:7, Be patient until the coming of the risen Jesus
- James 5:8, The coming of the risen Jesus is at hand
- 1 Peter 1:2–Sprinkling of blood of Jesus Christ
- 1 Peter 1:3–Resurrection of Jesus from dead
- 1 Peter 1:19–Redeemed with blood of Christ
- 1 Peter 1:21–God raised Jesus
- 1 Peter 2:21–Christ suffered for us leaving an example
- 1 Peter 2:24–Bore sins, tree, healed
- 1 Peter 3:18–Put to death in the flesh, quickened by Spirit
- 1 Peter 3:18-20–Death, hell, resurrection, exalted
- 1 Peter 4:1–Suffered in flesh
- 1 Peter 4:13–Christ’s sufferings
- 1 Peter 5:1–Witness of Jesus’ suffering
- 2 Peter. 1:16–Witnesses of His majesty-transfiguration
- 1 John 1:1-2, John states He heard, bears witness, has seen with his eyes, Jesus crucified and risen, he handled the risen Jesus.
- 1 John 1:3, John has seen and heard Jesus dead and alive again, tells us he is an eyewitness
- 1 John 1:7, The blood of Jesus crucifixion cleanses us from all sin
- 1 John 2:2, Jesus’ death on the cross is the propitiation for our sins
- 1 John 3:16, Jesus laid down His life for us at the cross
- 1 John 4:10, God sent His Son to pay for our sins
- 1 John 4:14, John has seen Jesus dead and alive
- 1 John 5:9-11, we have the witness of men that Jesus died and rose, in harmony with God who told us Messiah would die and be raised.
- 1 John 5:13, John purpose in writing is to preserve an eyewitness testimony of Jesus death and resurrection.
- 2 John 7, Confessing the risen Christ came as God in the flesh
- Jude 14, The risen Jesus, returning with ten thousands of His saints
- Revelation 1:5, Jesus, First to rise from the dead, we are washed in His blood
- Revelation 1:7, The pierced and risen Jesus is coming again, with Zechariah 12:10
- Revelation 1:18, John writes that Jesus was always alive, was killed, and rose never to die again.
- Revelation 5:6, Jesus is called the Lamb who was slain
- Revelation 5:9, Those who trust in Jesus are redeemed by the blood of His crucifixion.
- Revelation 5:12, Jesus, the Lamb who was slain
- Revelation 7:14, Followers of Jesus are washed, wear robes of righteousness, purified of all sin by blood of the Lamb
- Revelation 11:8, Jesus is the Lord who was crucified
- Revelation 11, The Two Witnesses are raised after 3 1/2 days, parallel to Jesus death and resurrection and the Saints raised afterwards in Jerusalem
- Revelation 12:11, Believers in Jesus over come the world by blood of Jesus’ death on the cross.
- Revelation 13:8, The Book of Lamb slain from foundation of the world, Jesus’ death planned before the universe existed.
- Revelation 16:6–Blood to drink
- Revelation 19:13–Vesture dipped in blood-Jesus
- Revelation. 20:5-6–First resurrection
The Assertion That Only The Four Gospels Describe Jesus’ Death, And Resurrection
One of the allegations that is made in an effort to impeach the reliability of the New Testament, is the idea that the four Gospels are the only place in the New Testament where Jesus is described as crucified and risen from the dead. The allegation is made that the four Gospels cannot be relied upon in proving the death and resurrection of Jesus because the men who wrote these texts, made up the narratives they are writing.
When we examine the entire New Testament for ourselves, we find that in 25 of the 27 books of the New Testament, all nine authors describe Jesus crucifixion and resurrection as factual events of history.
Even without the four Gospels, we can fully validate Jesus’ death and resurrection
Surviving New Testament Manuscripts Before 200 A.D.:
We have P52 from 130 A.D., with the text of Jesus’ trial before Pilate in a Codex. It is certain that there was an original autograph (original writing) that is dated much earlier. It would not be unrealistic to conclude that the original autograph was written in the middle of the first century, immediately after the events of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection.
From 150-200 A.D., we have P66, P72, and P75., with most of P66 from John’s Gospel, from 200 A. D., known as a first copy. This is evidence that a early first century original autograph was written for John’s Gospel immediately after Jesus death and resurrection.
P72 is our earliest copy of Jude’s epistle, with one reference to Jesus’ resurrection, and two epistles of Peter, who vividly describes Jesus death and resurrection in 12 references.
P75, from 175-225 A.D., contains Luke’s Gospel, with 13 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection. Also, the earliest of John’s Gospel with 18 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection.
The Diatessaron, from 170 A.D., contains all four Gospels, and has a total of 301 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection (Matthew: 30, Mark: 37, Luke: 32, John: 101)
From 200 A. D.: P45, P46, and P47, contain surviving manuscript copies from all four gospels, and Acts (P45), with 30 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection,
P46 is the earliest New Testament Codex Manuscript in existence, dated at 200 A.D. It contains the following:
- The last eight chapters of Romans
- All of Hebrews
- All of 1-2 Corinthians
- All of Ephesians
- All of Galatians
- All of Philippians
- All of Colossians
- Two chapters of 1 Thessalonians
These Texts Above, Survive In Manuscript Copies, Dated Before 200 A.D.
The following are the surviving manuscript evidence that we have today, which is validated as written before 200 A.D.
- Romans: 26 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection.
- Hebrews: 17 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection.
- 1 Corinthians: 13 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection.
- 2 Corinthians: 8 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection.
- Ephesians: 6 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection.
- Galatians: 14 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection.
- Philippians: 5 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection.
- Colossians: 8 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection.
- 1 Thessalonians: 8 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection.
- Revelation: P47, the oldest copy of the book of Revelation, with 14 references to Jesus’ death and resurrection.
From this brief exercise, we can see that there is more than enough surviving manuscript evidence from before 200 A.D. to validate the narratives of Jesus’ death and resurrection as reliable matters of the historical record.
These do not include the massive reservoir of evidence that we have not discussed.
Codex Alexandrinus, 400 A.D.
Containing 773 pages, 630 for the Old Testament and 143 for the New Testament.
Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis, 450 A.D.
The Gospels and Acts, in both Greek and Latin pages. The complete Gospel of Luke.
Codex Vaticanus, 325-350 A.D.
Manuscript of nearly all of the Bible. One of the most trustworthy Greek manuscripts of the New Testament.
Codex Sinaiticus, 350 A.D.
A manuscript containing almost all of the 4th century New Testament and half of the Old Testament. Considered second only to the Codex Vaticanus. The Book of Acts, is equal to the Codex Vaticanus, and the epistles, are ranked first.
The New Testament presents us with greater surviving manuscript copies than any other work of antiquity. This great number of copies tells us that there were likely a great number of originals.
- Alleged Textual Variants Of The New Testament Do Not Change The Narrative
- Why The New Testament Is a Valid Historical Narrative
- These Things Were Written: An Expositional Treatise Of The Life, Death, And Resurrection Of Jesus
Categories: Atheists, Agnostics and Skeptics, Claims of Interpolation, Empirical Evidence for God, Exegesis and Hermeneutics, Historical Validity of the New Testament, Jesus is God, Literary authenticity of the New Testament, New Testament Manuscripts, Origin of the four Gospels, Principles of Biblical Interpretation, Reliability of the New Testament, Robert Clifton Robinson, Studying the Word of God, The Four Gospels, The Historical Crucifixion of Jesus, The Historical Jesus, The Resurrection