novelist whose works emphasize the need for black Americans to reclaim their African heritage.
The Barbadian background of Marshall's parents was to inform all her work. After graduating from Brooklyn College, she worked briefly as a librarian before joining Our World magazine, where she worked from 1953 to 1956. Her autobiographical first novel, Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959), tells of the American daughter of Barbadian parents who travels to their homeland as an adult. The book was critically acclaimed for its acute rendition of dialogue, gaining widespread recognition when it was reprinted in 1981.
Soul Clap Hands and Sing, a 1961 collection of four novellas, presents four aging men who come to terms with their earlier refusal to affirm lasting values. Marshall's 1962 short story Reena was one of the first pieces of fiction to feature a college-educated, politically active black woman as its protagonist; frequently anthologized, it also was included in her collection Reena and Other Stories (1983). The Chosen Place, the Timeless People (1969) is set on a fictional Caribbean island and concerns a philanthropic attempt to modernize an impoverished and oppressed society.
Marshall's most eloquent statement of her belief in African-Americans' need to rediscover their heritage was Praisesong for the Widow, a highly regarded 1983 novel that established her reputation as a major writer. Its protagonist, Avatara (Avey) Johnson, an acculturated middle-class woman, undergoes a spiritual rebirth on the island of Grenada. Daughters (1991) concerned a West Indian woman in New York who returns home to assist her father's reelection campaign. The protagonist, like those of Marshall's other works, has an epiphany after confronting her personal and cultural past.