Canada is a constitutional monarchy with a federal parliamentary government. In a free and fair multiparty federal election held in 2015, the Liberal Party, led by Justin Trudeau, won a majority of seats in the federal parliament, and Trudeau formed a government at the request of the governor general.
Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces.
Human rights issues included reports of deadly violence against women, especially indigenous women, which authorities investigated and prosecuted.
There was no impunity for officials who committed violations, and the government took steps to identify, investigate, prosecute, and punish them.