ENZYME LAB REPORT
1. In your own words, define objective qualitative and objective quantitative data. DO NOT USE EXAMPLES AS YOUR SOLE DEFINITION. (3)
There are two different types of information that can be obtained from research. The types of information that can be obtained are quantitative and qualitative data. Research results are considered qualitative when the results can be answered with a simple statement of yes or no. Qualitative data does not attempt to give a numerical value; instead it gives very little detail about data. An example of qualitative data would be a simple pH test and stating if a solution is acidic or basic without stating the pH numerical value. On the other hand, quantitative data assigns a value to the answer. Quantitative data is the type of information that provides more detail. Number values and units matter when giving a quantitative analysis. For example, if a pH=8.44, the actual numerical value is considered quantitative data.
2. Referring to the experiments on the effect of pH on enzyme activity, respond to the following items pertaining to those experiments: (11)
Write a 1 paragraph explanation that includes the following
Purpose and components of experiment
How the Benedict’s test measures the activity of reducing agents. How the Benedict’s test was used to measure sucrase activity including qualitative and quantitative measures.
Write a 1-paragraph explanation of how pH affects ALL PROTEIN-BASED enzyme structure and function. DO NOT DISCUSS OR RELATE TO DATA GATHERED IN THE EXPERIMENT.
The motivation to use the Benedict’s test was to depict sucrase’s level of activity at various pH’s and explain how pH directly relates to the presence of the reducing agent of sucrose. The amount of sucrose that is detected is directly related to the amount of sucrase converted to glucose and fructose. In order to adequately collect useful data; creating a numerical value scale as quantitative data directly relates to the color change results from the benedicts test. The building blocks of this pH experiment are having the enzyme at a specific indicted pH level and using the Benedicts test to reduce the sugar agents. The catalyst at a certain pH will impede the spontaneous reaction from occurring faster or slower depending on the pH of the sucrose. The Benedicts test greater explains the hydrolysis of sucrose by sucrase and that during the spontaneous reaction, there is a release of free energy. The reaction approached equilibrium the fastest shown by qualitative data from the Benedicts test when the solution turned blue to red. The qualitative and quantitative data show that the transition state for the exergonic reaction is the same point the sucrase was equal to the amount of sucrose converted.
The rate of a particular reaction depends on the actual path through which the reactants are transformed to products. There are optimal conditions that are favored by enzymes where it becomes most active. At a certain pH level, the enzyme pushes the reaction to equilibrium without affecting the reactions change of G. Accelerating the reactants to the unstable form in the transition state in effort to break bonds and form new bonds by releasing free energy to surroundings is the job of an enzyme. The amount of reducing agents detected by the Benedicts test directly relates to the importance of pH for all protein enzymes. pH effects how fast a reaction with occur and increasing the likelihood that the reactants will interact productively. List of pH effects on enzymes:
1. Binding of substrate
2. Ionization state of amino acid group
3. Ionization of substrate
4. Protein structure variation at certain pH’s
3. Enzymes require weak intra-molecular bonds (e.g., hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions) to stabilize their functional, three-dimensional structure. In addition, in any system, the ability of the Enzyme and Substrate to interact and therefore...
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