Using water as a cutting method for soft materials has been around for decades, but early forms such as the paper metering system by the Paper Patents Company in the 1930s used relatively low-pressure water. High pressure waterjet technology truly took form in the post-war era, resulting in faster cutting and greater precision. Reliability remained a challenge, though, until the early 1970s when Dr. John Olsen, VP of Operations at OMAX Corporation, developed the first reliable ultra-high pressure pump.
While early waterjets could easily cut soft materials, they were not effective in cutting harder materials such as metals. This capability was achieved by adding an abrasive to the waterjet in the cutting nozzle after the jet stream was formed, based on a technique that had been pioneered by Elmo Smith and Leslie Tirrell in the 1930s in the field of liquid ablative blasting. Early abrasive waterjet nozzle life was too short to be commercially viable, but material innovations in mixing tubes by Boride Corporation eventually resulted in a commercially acceptable nozzle. With the combination of a durable abrasive waterjet nozzle and a reliable high pressure pump, an abrasive waterjet machine could now cut a wide range of materials, including hardened tool steel, titanium, stone and glass.