NUTRITION IN CHILDHOOD
Dear mother and father,
It is necessary to monitor normal growth and development in children, to identify and prevent diseases by detecting deviations from normal. Regular measurements of height, weight and head circumference should be made in the follow-up of healthy children.
Most of all, the baby you love to grow, develop and lead a healthy life is undoubtedly possible with the opportunities you will provide to him. You can keep it well developed and healthy by regularly taking it to the doctor, measuring its weight and size, getting vaccinated and feeding with the appropriate nutrients. Even if the values in a given child are within normal limits, they may deviate from the child’s own growth chart over time.
In this guide, which I call “childhood nutrition”, I aimed to guide the nutrition from the moment of birth until the age of 5, based on the important stages in the development of your child’s growth. Everything is for our children’s health.
0 – 6 MONTHS BABY NUTRITION
Breastmilk is easily digestible with excellent nutritional content and is effectively used. It protects your baby from diseases and costs less than feeding with food. Beyond this, breastfeeding is easier to establish, a new pregnancy is delayed and the mother can stay healthy.
In the first 6 months after birth, only breastfed babies are less susceptible to infectious diseases such as diarrhea and pneumonia, allergic diseases, and healthier. Therefore;
Breastfeed your baby alone for the first 6 months. In these months, additional nutrients provided with breast milk prevent the baby from taking advantage of breast milk.
During this period when your baby is only fed with mother’s milk, there is no need for additional water except in cases of illness that lead to water loss! If there is a condition such as diarrhea, water should be given, boiling water should be given.
Breastfeeding in the first days is very nutritious. Have your baby take advantage of this milk by suckling and frequent breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is the first condition to increase breast milk. In cases where your baby is not sucking, you can discharge with pumps called trowel when it comes to milk accumulation in your chest. These pumps can be easily obtained from almost every pharmacy.
After each feeding your baby can make a small amount of poop, this is sometimes mistakenly treated as diarrhea. However, gold – yellow, odorless, watery, this stool can be up to 7-8 times a day is completely normal. Again, the same features but 3 days a large amount of poop is considered normal. However, if the stool is very hard, the cause should be investigated.
The cracks in the nipples, in contrast to the general opinion, are due to the inability to provide proper breastfeeding position and technique. The baby should not only take the tip of the breast, but a large amount of the colored part, the mouth of the nipple should be in contact with the skin and the lower lip should be curled out. In this way, swelling occurs on the baby’s cheeks and swallows and it is easily noticed that his mother takes his milk. If the fracture has occurred, the correct position and proper breastfeeding technique are taken care of as soon as possible. After feeding, it is thought that it is beneficial to spread some breastmilk to cracked areas.
Breastfeeding mothers should always wear a bra made of cotton and plentiful.
A new food should not be started without consulting the doctor with the belief that breast milk is not enough. A baby who gets regular weight, can be fed on average 6 times a day, wets his diaper 6 times a day means he is getting enough of breast milk. The number of poop is not a reliable indicator of the evaluation of nutrition.
The adequacy of breast milk is best understood by the child getting the necessary weight. For this reason, please bring your baby to health checks at regular intervals.
Working mothers can store their milk for 8 hours at room temperature, 24 hours in the refrigerator, and 6 months in frozen bottles. For this reason, breast milk stored should never be boiled.
It is recommended that babies should not be given unburned water until the end of their first age.
Good nutrition for mothers nursing their babies is very important for the health of the mother. For this reason; It is recommended to take up to 2 liters (10 cups) of juicy foods (water, milk, low sugar lemonade, compote, soups, etc.)
At least 2 cups of milk or yoghurt daily, 1 meatball meat and one egg, 3 thin slices of bread or 3 portions of floury food 2 pieces of fruit should be present in the daily diet. They should not smoke while giving breast milk, and should not consume beverages with no nutritive value, such as tea and coffee.
4-9 MONTHS BABY NUTRITION
Only babies fed on Mother’s milk begin supplementary foods after the fourth month. Between 4-6 months of breastfeeding continued breastfeeding, adequate growth and development only if it is provided, in this case additional food after the sixth month begins.
Additional foods you give your child during this period are complementary to breast milk.
They are foods that support the growth and development process appropriate for the month of the child, provide easy eating habits in the following months by meeting different tastes, have high nutritional value, and have low allergy quality. Fruit juice or fruit puree, vegetable soup or vegetable puree, custard, yoghurt, cheese, jam, biscuits, bread, eggs are the leading additional foods in baby nutrition.
Give additional foods with a spoon or cup.
Give the food you are going to try before the food is used to when the child is hungry. Increase the amount by always starting with least.
Make sure that the new foods are allergic. Therefore, do not try more than one new food on the same day. Check that symptoms have passed when you interrupt a suspicious food. Try again in a few days.
Try again from time to time important foods that your baby does not like.
The juices of fruits such as apples and peaches are given as fresh as 1-2 teaspoons and gradually increased. Orange and tangerine juice should be given in later months.
Fruits are thoroughly washed, peel and grated in glass grated. A clean wire filter or cheesecloth is filtered and the water is obtained. Fruit juice can be given in a puree after a week or two. Sugar should not be added to fruit juices!
Two weeks after the start of fruit juice, potatoes, carrots, rice and fresh vegetables are prepared daily for lunch. It is gradually increased starting from a few dessert spoons. In a period of four weeks, full vegetable puree is passed.
- Week (vegetable soup): 3-4 glasses of water, 2 medium sized carrots, 1 medium sized potato 45 minutes cover is cooked in the bowl. With wire filter, the water is taken into another container without ever crushing it. Add a teaspoon of semolina and cook for 5-10 minutes again. The amount of liquid is set to be 200 grams.
- Week (simple vegetable puree): cooked in the same way. Carrots and potatoes are crushed completely from the wire filter and passed as mashed. The preparation of the food is completed by adding the semolina again into this puree.
- Week (mixed vegetable puree): carrots and potatoes are added to 1 teaspoon of rice and seasonal vegetables to be added to each day. For example, the first day 3-4 leaves of parsley, the next day of parsley and a few leaves of spinach, the next day, plus a quarter of artichokes, then a quarter of tomato. Add a teaspoon of semolina and cook for 5 minutes.
- Week (full vegetable puree): 1 teaspoon olive oil or pasteurized butter is added to the mash which is prepared as described in detail.
From the sixth month, 1 tablespoon minced beef soup (3 times the fat-free ungrain veal) should be added to the vegetable soup or porridge.
After 1-2 weeks of vegetable puree, usually 5. from the month of the evening (not the night) is given as the meal. 1 cup of milk, 1 teaspoon of rice flour, 1 teaspoon of powdered sugar is made. With some of the cold milk, rice flour is thoroughly crushed, the remaining milk is added and cooked by mixing. Add sugar close to the fire. Milk can be diluted in the first days.
Pudding can also be prepared with cans of food. This is especially true for babies who are sensitive to cow’s milk proteins. Mix 1 tablespoon of flour and 1 teaspoon of baking powder. After the fire is lowered into 5-6 scale ready to add powdered food. In the case of lumps, The Wire is passed through the filter. In recent years, the opinions about the use of cow’s milk in the period of milk infancy are increasingly gaining weight.
Milk is boiled and cooled to the temperature where the hand can withstand. 1 tablespoon of milk into a tablespoon of yogurt 1-2 spoon of milk is added, slowly mixed. It is kept for 3-4 hours to maintain its temperature without moving. A bowl is served as afternoon meal.
After the child has finished six or seven months, the breakfast starts after getting used to foods such as vegetable puree, custard and yogurt. Milk, white cheese, jam, molasses, bread or baby biscuits are the main ingredients. A piece of white cheese and jam with salt is crushed by milk. Add bread to the mixture. For this purpose, 3-4 Bebe biscuits can be used. Breakfast is started as 1-2 teaspoons, the amount is gradually increased. Honey allergy is not preferred because of the possibility of making before the age of one. If desired, 1 teaspoon of oil can be added. After a while cheese, jam, oil and bread can be given separately from the milk.
The yolk of solid cooked egg is added to the breakfast by starting from the amount of 1 teaspoon and gradually increasing. At the end of a week, your baby can eat a full egg yolk. Eggs that are used to the children can be given an apricot consistency. It is generally not preferred to give the egg white one year old.
Foods such as lentil, yogurt plateau and painless tarhana soup can be given to babies who are accustomed to fresh vegetable soups after 7 months to teach different tastes.
Vegetable soup, fat-free, three, three times without grilled beef minced meat prepared as a spice without meatballs from the 6th month can be given.
Fish and Chicken:
As an alternative to minced meat when your baby is seven or eight months old, you can serve chicken as a mash and fleshy fish.
Lamb livers are preferred. It is boiled in salted water, the lamina is removed, grated with fish and chicken meat alternately with vegetable soup.
Tea has no nutritional value. In contrast, other foods lower the nutritional value of the intestine by disrupting the absorption of iron can lead to anemia. In this regard, there is no place in the feeding of the milk child.
6-8 MONTHS BABY NUTRITION CHART:
- Meal (06.00-07.00)
Breakfast + Breast Milk
- Meal (11.30 – 12.30)
Meat + Vegetable Food + Breast Milk
Instant meal (15.30 – 16.00)
Yogurt + Fruit Puree + Bread
- Meal (18.30-19.30)
Milky Custard + Breast Milk
Breastmilk (1-2 times)
Babies who are not breastfed can be given a suitably prepared food instead. However, it should not be forgotten that no food can fully replace breast milk. For this reason, your baby as much as possible to feed your own milk.
As meat, 1 meatball, 5 teaspoon liver or chicken paste can be given alternately. Custard cakes prepared from milk instead of milk custard or prepared floury milky foods can be given. Vegetable food and custard meals were initially started in small amounts, then 200-250 grams (one bowl full).
NUTRITION OF BABY BETWEEN 9-12 MONTHS
You do not need to prepare special food for your child during this period. All household meals cooked for adults can be given to the baby in low-fat purees.
1 Cup of unsweetened milk
1 Egg yolk
1 Dessert spoon of jam or molasses
1 Teaspoon oil
1 Thin slices of bread or 3-4 biscuits
Space: Fruit puree
Lunch: Puree vegetable puree
A slice of bread (with vegetables)
Evening: Pudding (or lunchtime)
Legumes and eggplant as vegetables are not preferred in baby nutrition. Babies who are one year old are placed on the family table and encouraged to eat on their own. In addition to other dairy foods, care is taken to drink a glass of milk a day.
1-5 AGE CHILD NUTRITION
After nine months, Mother’s milk, which is not the basic food of the child, can be left at a time suitable for the mother until the age of 2.
After the age of 13-14 months old child can practice using a spoon and fork. With the other individual of the family, the child sitting at the table should have a separate plate and how much consumption should be paid attention. In this period, children should be fed four meals a day and they should consume sufficient and balanced food (milk and milk foods, meats, eggs and legumes, vegetables and fruits. flour and starchy foods) from the basic food groups.
One of the most common mistakes is feeding the child with food water. This form of nutrition, which has no nutritional value, should not be applied. Every day half a liter of milk should be given to children. The calcium contained in milk is very important for the development of children. 25 grams of cheese, as much as 200 grams of milk calcium.
One or two of the meat and legumes should be on the nutrition list every day.
One egg should be fed every day. Regular meat can be excessive in children.
Vegetables should be given once or twice a day.
Fruit should be eaten once or twice a day. Giving an extra meal of fruit can replace the vegetables. Fruit juices can replace the fruit.
Two or three slices of starchy foods and bread should be included in the diet list.
Children should be taught to eat by using a fork spoon as early as possible.
All types of confectionery, cake, pasta and ice cream are often foods that should not be given. Between meals, giving candy to the child by reducing the appetite leads to malnutrition, as well as the leading cause of tooth decay.
It is best not to taste these drinks for children since giving tea and coffee cause to irritability due to the stimulants they contain.
In this period, children should be educated about oral and dental health. A child who is 1.5 to 2 age old should have a toothbrush, without toothpaste brushing training should be given. Beginning to use toothpaste from the age of three.
Dear Mother and Father,
I have prepared this short and concise nutrition guide, I hope that it will be helpful to guide you in your efforts to keep your baby healthy and balanced. You can find lots of comprehensive and high quality source books on baby nutrition in book stores, you can reinforce your knowledge by talking to your doctor about the details you are curious about.
I wish you a healthy and successful generation