Abusive partners and family members victimize others to gain control over them. Most research shows that the longer one stays in an abusive relationship the more frequent and violent the abuse can become.
There are different forms of abuse:
Physical abuse is a powerful way in which an abusive person gets and keeps their partner under control and it instills an environment of constant fear. While physical abuse is the form of abuse that is most commonly known, it may or may not be a part of an abusive relationship. If physical abuse is present early in the relationship, it commonly gets worse over time. If there is no physical abuse in the relationship, it may begin to occur when the victim is pregnant or when the victim is considering leaving the relationship.
Physical violence may include: hitting, punching, kicking, slapping, strangling, smothering, using or threatening to use weapons, shoving, interrupting your sleep, throwing things, destroying property, hurting or killing pets, and denying medical treatment.
Some form of sexual abuse is common in abusive relationships but it is often the least discussed. It can be subtle or overt. The impact on the recipient of this abuse is commonly feelings of shame and humiliation.
Sexual abuse may include: physically forcing sex, making you feel fearful about saying no to sex, forcing sex with other partners, forcing you to participate in demeaning or degrading sexual acts, violence or name calling during sex, and denying contraception or protection from sexually transmitted diseases.
Emotional abuse occurs in some form in all abusive relationships. It is a very effective tactic used by abusive partners, family members and caretakers to obtain power and control and it can cause extreme damage to the recipient’s self esteem. Commonly, emotional abuse makes recipients feel like they are responsible for the abuse and it also makes them feel crazy, worthless and hopeless. It is so damaging that many survivors of domestic violence report that they would have rather “be hit” than endure the ongoing psychic damage of emotional abuse.
Emotional abuse can include: constant put downs or criticisms, name calling, “crazy making”, acting superior, minimizing the abuse or blaming you for their behavior, threatening and making you feel fearful, isolating you from family and friends, excessive jealousy, accusing you of having affairs, and watching where you go and who you talk to.
This form of abuse is one of the least commonly known but one of the most powerful tactic of entrapping a partner in the relationship. It is so powerful that many recipients of abuse describe it as the main reason that they stayed in an abusive relationship or went back to one.
Some forms of financial abuse include: giving you an allowance, not letting you have your own money, hiding family assets, running up debt, interfering with your job, and ruining your credit. In caretaker situations financial abuse can also include making important financial decisions without the recipient of the abuse consent and isolating recipient of abuse from family who may protect the family assets. Isolating recipient of abuse from outside contact such as restricting phone calls and contact with supportive family and friends is common.
Note: Forms of Abuse taken from the National Network to End Domestic Violence with additions.