Government of India passed New Education Policy 2020 to take India from traditional education to technical education. It is a revolutionary step to improve the situation of educational system of India. Since Independence, no major reforms took place. As per new requirements from educational demands, India set itself to fill the gap of education. India produces lakhs of graduates every year, but they are unable to get jobs as per their educational qualification. To find jobs and start new business, India needed a new educational policy by which their education would be employed full, not a collection for degree. Indians are more interested to collect degree, not quality of education. Indians study only for degree. After getting degrees from University, they apply for government jobs. Government jobs are very limited and every graduate cannot get government job amid tough competition. Majority of students cannot be able to find jobs as per their degree. But unemployed students are counted in the country for Unemployment rate. These students have degree so they cannot engage themselves in other jobs. Such students expire their young age for preparation to government jobs. If young age crosses, it is almost impossible to come out such trauma that given valuable time from their life to themselves, but found nothing.
As per size of population of India, it is totally unfair to provide Government jobs to everybody. But Government of India must consider how to provide a medium for their livelihood. Now days, Agriculture Sector is shrinking and Service Sector is growing too much to employ people. To find a job in Service, people need to take technical education so that they could find jobs. Manufacturing Sector is required bulk amount of capital to start business. Attraction of people is growing with Service Sector but need job oriented education. People are working in service but they are not skilled. One in five employees is skilled. If skilled people would increase, quality of product and their working must improve. Government of India need to make from Unskilled to Skilled. It has been a basic requirement to provide job oriented education to new generation of India. Such education must be started at early education of children. Education of India was encrypted during British India as Education of English was too much essential. Policy of LPG (Liberalism, Privatization & Globalization) was implemented in 1992, but Job Oriented Educational Policy could not be changed.
The National Education Policy 2020 was approved by Government of India. This New Policy replaces National Education Policy 1986. The New Policy 2020 is framework from Primary Education to Higher Education as well as vocational training in both rural and urban India. The aim of NEP2020 will transform Education System of India by 2021. The Language Policy would be totally dependable on State. The draft of NEP2020 was prepared by a panel led by ISRO Chief K Kasturirangan. Vision of the NEP2020 is to transform our whole educational system into high quality education to all. Language Policy is up to the states, institutions and schools to decide the implementation. Education Policy 1986 and Right to Education 2009 both have promoted usage of the mother tongue too as an advisory guideline.
The NEP 2020 makes numerous changes in India’s education policy. It aims to increase state expenditure on education from almost 4% to 6% of the GDP. Mother tongue and Regional language would be given more importance in NEP 2020. There would be no language to be imposed on Students and States. It has been divided in two sections. First Section would be for School Education and Second one for Higher Education.
The 10 + 2 Education Model would be restructured with 5 + 3 + 3 + 4 model. First stage would be for Fundamental Stage. It will be divided into two parts. Pre – School Education would be for 3 years and Standard 1 & 2 in Primary School. Age of 3 to 8 years would be covered in this stage. It would be totally activity based learning. After that, Second Stage would be appeared in which Standard 3 to 5 will cover the ages from 8 to 11 years. This stage will cover subjects like Speaking, Writing, Physical Education, Language, Art, Science and Mathematics. Then third stage would come with Standard 6 to 8 from 11 to 14 years. It will give more clarity to subjects of Students. It will make students learnt conceptual knowledge of subjects like Mathematics, Sciences, Social Sciences, Art and Humanities. After that, Classes from standard 9 to 12 which are covering ages of 14 to 19 years would be bifurcated into parts. First part would be standard 9 and 10 standard and second part for standard 11 and 12. These four years to cover multiple subjects for students.
In NEP 2020, every year exam would not be held, exam would be conducted only three exams standard 2, 5 and 8. Although Board exams would be conducted same in standard 10 and 12 with new designing tools. “PARAKH” Exam would be conducted twice in a year in which exam would cover two parts namely Objective Exam and Descriptive Exam. Midday meal program would be extended with including Breakfast. Coding would be started from standard 6.
Higher Education has proposed a 4 year degree of Bachelor in an undergraduate programme with multiple exit options. If Student only completes a year of study, will get a certificate. If 2 years will be completed, a diploma will be awarded to student. If 3 years will have been completed, a bachelor degree will be there. At last, if 4 year has been completed successfully, student will get multidisciplinary bachelor’s degree. MPhil (Masters of Philosophy) courses to be ended. There would be a Higher Education Council of India (HECL) to regulate higher education. It would be 4 verticals.
Veterinary Council of India, Council of Architecture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research and National Council for Vocational Education and Training. The National Testing Agency will be given responsibility to conduct all kind of entrance exam for admission in universities. Foreign Universities can set up their campuses in India. The fees of both private and public universities will be fixed. The NEP 2020 has set new criteria for becoming a teacher. 4 years Bachelor Program will be minimum requirement. The National Council for Teacher Education will encrypt a National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education and a National Professional Standards for Teachers. Prime Minister of India will be the head of National Education System. There are many criticism about The NEP 2020. The Student’s Federation of India stated that it threatened the federal character of the education structure. It increased the chance of commercialization of education system of India. There would be no independent research. But it is very necessary to change the structure of Educational system of India.
बहुत उम्दा लिखा आपने,बहुत अच्छी जानकारी मिली।जैसी शिक्षा पद्धिति आज के दौर में चल रही है,यहाँ आरक्षण जैसी घातक और ज्वलनशील मुद्दे पर भी किसी खास नीति और कदम की ज़रूरत है।
कम से कम शिक्षा को तो आरक्षण मुक्त रखा जाए ताकि वह व्यक्ति जिसके पास योग्यता हो उसका सही चुनाव हो सके, जो देश के उज्ज्वल भविष्य के लिए कार्यरत रहें।