That sunscreen you love might not be the sunscreen you really need. A new study in JAMA Dermatology finds many of the most popular sunscreens sold on Amazon don't provide proper protection.
"There is a gap in consumer knowledge on sunscreen," Shuai Xu, co-author and a resident in dermatology at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, said.
To understand what sunscreens people actually use compared to what they need to prevent burning, the researchers looked at the most popular sunscreens on Amazon — the top 1 percent, or 65 products.
Then, they checked the labels to see if the products lived up to American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) guidelines. The dermatologists' group recommends people use sunscreens with three important qualities:
1. Broad spectrum, meaning protection against ultraviolet A rays — which make up 95 percent of the UV spectrum and are most associated with wrinkling — and ultraviolet B rays, which cause sunburn and are stronger at midday and in the summer. Both types of rays can cause skin cancer.
2. Water resistant — no sunscreen is "water proof" but water resistant means you can go up to 80 minutes in the water before you need to reapply.
By simply examining the labels, Xu found 40 percent — 26 of 65 — of the products did not meet AAD requirements. Most products that failed to meet the standards, 72 percent, did so because they were not water resistant.
"When trying to identify a really successful sunscreen product, having that feature is really beneficial," Xu said.
But he noted the study includes a wide variety of sunscreen products. Many of the popular ones are actually makeup or lotion.
"Sunscreen as a product class is something greater than what you wear at the beach," he said. "Something that you use daily as part of your makeup regime, I don't think that needs … to be water resistant."
When considering sunscreen, people choose products that have "cosmetic elegance," meaning they feel good on the skin. People eschew products that feel greasy, chalky or heavy. Understanding what people like remains important for dermatologists trying to encourage patients to wear sunscreen regularly.
"You can't necessarily think of only product performance; it's got to feel nice, too," said Xu.
The study did not test whether the SPF on the label matched the SPF in the product. The FDA requires companies to put their products through tests before they can claim a certain SPF, but recent reports have called labeling accuracy into question.
The top 10 most reviewed and highly-rated sunscreens on Amazon, and whether they meet the AAD criteria:
- EltaMD UV Clear SPF 46 — No
- Hawaiian Tropic Sunscreen Silk Hydration SPF 30 — Yes
- Blue Lizard Australian Sunscreen, Sensitive SPF 30+ — No
- SPF 30 daily oil-free face moisturizer — No
- Neutrogena Age Shield Face Lotion Sunscreen SPF 110 — Yes
- EltaMD UV Physical SPF 41 — Yes
- Neutrogena Ultra Sheer Dry-Touch Sunscreen SPF 55 — Yes
- Neutrogena Sunscreen Ultra Sheer Stick SPF 70 — Yes
- Neutrogena Oil Free Moisture SPF 35 — No
- Eucerin Daily Protection Moisturizing Face Lotion — No