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Significance and Use
5.1 This method measures the concentration of ATP present in the sample. ATP is a constituent of all living cells, including bacteria and fungi. Consequently, the presence of ATP is an indicator of total microbial contamination in metalworking fluids. ATP is not associated with matter of non-biological origin.
5.2 Method validated ATP as a surrogate for culturable bacterial data (Guide ).
5.3 This method differs from Method in that it eliminates interferences that have historically rendered ATP testing unusable with complex organic fluids such as MWF.
5.4 The ATP test provides rapid test results that reflect the total bioburden in the sample. It thereby reduces the delay between test initiation and data capture, from the 36 h to 48 h (or longer) required for culturable colonies to become visible, to approximately five minutes.
5.5 Although ATP data generally covary with culture data in MWF, different factors affect ATP concentration than those that affect culturability.
5.5.1 Culturability is affected primarily by the ability of captured microbes to proliferate on the growth medium provided, under specific growth conditions. It have been estimated that less than 1 % of the species present in an environmental sample will form colonies under any given set of growth conditions.
5.5.2 ATP concentration is affected by: the microbial species present, the physiological states of those species, and the total bioburden (See ).
188.8.131.52 One example of the species effect is that the amount of ATP per cell is substantially greater for fungi than bacteria.
184.108.40.206 Within a species, cells that are more metabolically active will have more ATP per cell than dormant cells.
220.127.116.11 The greater the total bioburden, the greater the ATP concentration in a sample.
5.5.3 The possibility exists that the rinse step ( ) may not eliminate all chemical substances that can interfere with the bioluminescence reaction ( ).
18.104.22.168 The presence of any such interferences can be evaluated by performing a standard addition test series as described in .
22.214.171.124 Any impact of interfering chemicals will be reflected as bias relative to data obtained from fluid that does not contain interfering chemicals.
1.1 This test method provides a protocol for capturing, extracting and quantifying the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content associated with microorganisms found in water-miscible metalworking fluids (MWF).
1.2 The ATP is measured using a bioluminescence enzyme assay, whereby light is generated in amounts proportional to the concentration of ATP in the samples. The light is produced and measured quantitatively as relative light units (RLU) which are converted by comparison with an ATP standard and computation to pg ATP/mL.
1.3 This test method is equally suitable for use in the laboratory or field.
1.4 The test method detects ATP concentrations in the range of 4.0 pg ATP/mL to 400 000 pg ATP/mL.
1.5 Providing interferences can be overcome, bioluminescence is a reliable and proven method for qualifying and quantifying ATP. The method does not differentiate between ATP from different sources, for example, from different types of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D4012 Test Method for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Content of Microorganisms in Water
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1326 Guide for Evaluating Non-culture Microbiological Tests
E1497 Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
E2523 Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Operations
ICS Number Code 75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related products)
|Link to Active (This link will always route to the current Active version of the standard.)|
ASTM E2694-16, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Adenosine Triphosphate in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, www.astm.orgBack to Top