Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan formed naturally by the body for the synthesis andmaintenance of connective tissue. Glycosaminoglycans, formerly termedmucopolysaccharides, are an integral component of all connective tissues. Connective tissues havevarious functions in the body. They support internal organs and connect bones to each other (ligaments),form bone, cartilage and the walls of blood vessels, attach muscles to bones (tendons) and replace tissuesthat have been damaged.
The two primary components of connective tissue arecollagen and proteoglycans. Collagen is the strong, fibrous protein that physically connects our tissues.Proteoglycans are large carbohydrate-rich structures, resembling a bottle-brush in three-dimensionalstructure, i.e. a central protein rod with many strings of glucosamine-containing glycosaminoglycansextending outwards. Proteoglycans hold large amounts of water forming a stiff gel by virtue of theirdense negative charges from sulfates. Proteoglycans link to collagen fibers to help form connectivetissues. They provide resiliency, load distribution, shock-absorbing, compressive and lubricatingproperties to connective tissues and joints.
Chondroitin sulfate is supportive and protective ofconnective tissues in numerous ways. It is an excellent source of n-acetylgalactoaminoglycan forthe synthesis and protection of proteoglycans associated with cartilage tissues. Chondroitin sulfatealso protects existing cartilage by reducing water loss from the proteoglycan-formed gel and by inhibitingenzymatic breakdown of cartilage.
It is not yet clear to what degree chondroitin sulfate isabsorbed. Of concern is the size of the chondroitin sulfate molecule-in particular if it is too large tocross the intestinal lining. However, studies finding elevated plasma values of chondroitin sulfatefollowing oral administration, in addition to studies demonstrating the benefits of orally administeredchondroitin sulfate, support the bioavailability of this supplement.
Adults take 1 capsules daily or as directed by physician.