Contraction of smooth muscle cells surrounding the bronchioles results in bronchoconstriction. This will greatly reduce the size of the lumen and the patient's ability to move air. Cholinergic stimulation or β-adrenergic inhibition can lead to smooth muscle contraction.
All bronchi and bronchioles contain striated muscle.
Extra info: The bronchi and bronchioles are primarily lined with spiral bands of smooth muscle.
Airway muscle contraction occurs in obstructive lung disease exclusively.
Extra info: There can be bronchial muscle contraction in other disease states such as allergic reactions, asthmatic airways, etc.