Environmental ethics is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to, and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its nonhuman contents.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3. We are reasoning by instrumental value when we say, for instance, that the natural world has value insofar as it benefits human life. Natures Values: From Intrinsic to Instrumental A review of Values and Valuation methodologies in the context of ecosystem services and natural capital Craig H. Bullock Research Series Paper No. Most ecosystem services can be performed by more than one species. Acasestudy.com © 2007-2019 All rights reserved. To value something is to have a positive attitude toward it and to prefer its existence or occurrence over its nonexistence or nonoccurence. Relational and intrinsic values in conservation. Instrumental values are not an end goal, but rather provide the means by which an end goal is accomplished. We propose that focusing only on instrumental or intrinsic values may fail to resonate with views on personal and collective well-being, or “what is right,” with regard to nature and the environment. It is usually associated with commodities, money, and the things which have material worth to someone. A cornerstone of environmental policy is the debate over protecting nature for humans’ sake (instrumental values) or for nature’s (intrinsic values) (1). They are desirable states of existence that we will work towards or try to reach. From an instrumental value perspective, human beings are the locus of all value. This passage has been interpreted as an indication of humanity’s superiority to nature and as condoning an instrumental view of nature, where the natural world has value only as it benefits humankind. Will these actions be morally permissible or even required?Is it morally acceptable for farmers in non-industrial countries topractise slash and burn techniques to clear areas for agriculture?Consider a mining company which has performed open pit mining in somepreviously unspoiled area. He would say that a universe in which rational beings perform good actions from a sense of duty is an inherently better place than a universe in which this doesn’t happen. However, there are numerous problems that are associated with looking at the environment from this perspective. Definition and Examples, Nietzsche's "The Use And Abuse Of History", Ph.D., Philosophy, The University of Texas at Austin, B.A., Philosophy, University of Sheffield. This gives the environment an “instrumental value” and doing so automatically puts it second to all other values; the environment can hardly be protected without arguments for its “intrinsic value” lifting it to a higher ethical platform (Brennan 2009). The concept of ecosystem services is a way of visualizing the instrumental value that nature has for human beings. 7. To these philosophers, these things are all valuable in and of themselves. Many philosophers would say that it makes no sense to talk about things being valuable in themselves unless they are actually valued by someone. The absence of belief in the view that the environment is intrinsically valuable promotes further exploitation. Different Foci of Environmental Ethics
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