NZR RM class (Leyland petrol)
New Zealand's experimentation with railcars began in 1912 with the use of a MacEwan-Pratt petrol railcar. The New Zealand Railways Department (NZR), which ran the national rail network, was looking for ways to run rural passenger services with as little expense as possible, but at the same time presenting an attractive form of transport to passengers. Many rural branch lines at the time ran "mixed" trains that carried both passengers and freight and were not particularly popular due to the slow schedule that resulted from loading and unloading goods during the journey. NZR saw the use of railcars as a potential means of providing cheap and efficient rural passenger travel, and as railcar technology was not very well developed at the time, engineers experimented with new ideas and various styles.
One experimental railcar developed during the 1920s was the Leyland petrol railcar, designed in 1925 and built that year at NZR Hutt Workshops in Petone. The railcar was essentially a regular passenger carriage with a driving cab installed at one end; a Leyland petrol engine with an output of 60-75 kW was positioned in a front housing that extended some four metres in front of the cab. The wheel arrangement was 2-Bo, with the leading axle under the cab and the bogie located at the rear end. sixty-two passengers could be accommodated inside the 19-m-long railcar.
After construction, the railcar was put into trials to see whether it was suitable for use on regular passenger trains. It ultimately failed the trials and was never utilised on revenue service. Nonetheless, lessons were learnt and it was an important step in local railcar development, and railcar research in New Zealand continued to progress. The year after the Leyland's trials arguably the first successful railcar was built, the Edison battery-electric railcar that ran for eight years on the Little River Branch before its destruction by fire.
- Churchman, Geoffrey B., and Hurst, Tony; The Railways Of New Zealand: A Journey Through History, HarperCollins Publishers (New Zealand), 1991 reprint