B1: Idea units & Fluency: Importance of theory. Importance
of oral practice. How to do your study. Non-detailed study.
Detailed study. Learning in bursts. Do a lot of general reading.
Ordinary novels suit fluency-building best. Recommended reading.
You need a good dictionary. Avoid bilingual dictionaries.
Avoid high-sounding and rarely-used words. What dictionary
should you buy? Fluency, only through idea units. Speech
comes first, and writing, only next. Non-native
speakers learn English the wrong way. Learning
words alone wont help. Bite-sized pieces of ideas. How
does natural speech come out? What does natural speech come
out in? Let ready-to-assemble units do your work for you.
Idea units: Your key to speech and fluency. Idea units
of speech, and sentences of writing. How context
helps the speaker. Importance of context. Types of idea units.
Word knowledge and word mastery. Why cant we speak in
sentences? Just a little at a time, and not a
mouthful. Strands of information. Length and shape of idea
units. Points for dividing speech. Guidelines for dividing
speech into idea units. Embedding and lining up. Roundabout
connectivity. Straight connectivity. Speak in idea units,
and not in sentences.
B2: Speech Generation & Flow Production: Speech-generation
Technique. Learning by heart is NOT a solution. Generative
Feature & Generative Structures. How does the Generative
Feature work? Generation through substitution.
How to become skilled at substitution. Core words: Words of
the most general utility. Neutral and non-neutral vocabulary.
Formal vocabulary. Informal vocabulary. Slang. Fitting vocabulary
items into General Structures. How to master the speech generating
skill? Generative Structure drills. Spare-parts for speech
generation. Naming Part. Action Part. Descriptive Part. Circumstance
Part. Flow-production Techniques. Word-junctions. Junction
practice. Mixed material for flow-practice. Informal vocabulary.
B3: Teaching your Tongue & Speech Rhythm: Teaching
your tongue. Important principles of description.
Descriptive principle. The way to teach your tongue. Word
List. Rhythm and flow of speech. The syllable. Two groups
of words. The way the English language flows. The way other
(= non-English) languages flow. Uniform stress. Uniform time
distribution. Let English flow the way English should flow.
Up and down movement. Syllable stress. Polysyllabic words.
Monosyllabic words. Weak function words. Schwa.
Neutral function words. Guidelines. Limited freedom. Shortened
forms. Foot and rhythm. The fundamental principle of English
rhythm. Beating the rhythm. The silent stress. Unstressed
syllables at the beginning of words. Speed of
speech. Frequently-used polysyllabic words. An important exercise.
Questions for Practice. Importance of the drill with word
groups. Two important exercises.
B4: Key speech-initiators & Speech-unit Patterns:
Key speech-initiators. Basic speech-initiators. Advanced speech-initiators.
Everyday speech-initiators. Whys the word group-repetition
drill so important? Key phrase patterns. Action patterns &
clause patterns. Link verb patterns. Intransitive verb patterns.
Simple monotransitive verb patterns. Complex monotransitive
verb patterns. Ditransitive verb patterns. Naming patterns.
Rhythm drill. Short responses. Negative meaning. Fluency nucleus.
Chats and serious conversations. Long sequences and short
sequences. Short sequences. Long sequences. Level of fluency.
S1 & S2: Fluency in Functional English (Parts I &
II): How to use English to express 175 everyday communicative
functions. How to express ability, admiration, agreement,
appreciation, approval, certainty, condolences, gratitude,
intention, likes, likelihood, possibility, preference, prohibition,
reluctance, satisfaction, good wishes, wants, wishes, etc.
How to express anger, annoyance, disappointment, doubt, fear,
hope, indecision, indifference, irritation, pleasure, regret,
sarcasm, surprise, sympathy, worry, etc. How to use English
to accept something, admit something, advise someone, compliment
someone, congratulate someone, contradict someone, criticize
someone, deny something, forgive someone, offer, accept or
decline help, make an invitation, give an opinion, praise
someone, reassure someone, report progress, refuse a request,
make a suggestion, threaten to do something, etc.
S3: Fluency in Telephone English & Sectoral English:
Fluency in Telephone English. Guidelines for making a call.
Guidelines for answering a call. Telephone word groups. Word
groups for use while making a phone call. Word groups for
use while answering a phone call. Word groups to speak about
telephoning in general. Fluency in Business English. Fluency
in Banking English. Fluency in Travel English. Speaking about
Food and Drink. Everyday politics.
B5: How to deal with hesitation: Pauses and syllable lengthening.
Junction pauses. Junction pauses and grammatical breaks. Spontaneous
speech. Non-spontaneous speech. Hesitation pauses. Pause notation.
Paracomplex, paraboundaries and parapauses. Minor and major
boundaries. Syllable lengthening. Public & non-public
and formal & non-formal situations. Speech production
and hesitation. Problems causing hesitation. Result of hesitation.
Native and foreign hesitation. Native hesitation is a normal
phenomenon. A basic reason for lack of fluency. Giving flow
to your speech. Preventing foreign hesitations. Dealing with
hesitations. Pauses. Hesitation noises. Hesitation fillers.
Hesitation caused by 6 Problems. Guidelines. Practice with
action word-groups. Questions for rhythm drill. Questions
B6: Oral Training in Fluency Vocabulary (Part I): Training
in General Structures. The way speech gets produced.
Frame-work for speech-production. Shape of speech units. Fluency
tools. Repeated exposure. The most important point in vocabulary
choice. About words you should master. Objective-based vocabulary-development.
The test for word-selection. General structures. Subsidiary
word groups. Place-relating word groups. Time-relating word
groups. Frequently-used monosyllabic words. Words of the greatest
general service. Practice with major word groups. Action word
groups. Naming word groups. Phrasal verbs. Phrasal-prepositional
verbs. Prepositional verbs. Adjective + Noun combinations.
B7: Packing of information: Techniques of information-packing.
Subordination and co-ordination. Nature of information-packing
and fluency. How to avoid dense packing. Special subordinate
constructions. Complex phrases. Pre-modification and Post-modification.
Modification and complexity. How to avoid modification. Exceptional
cases. Re-reference. Classifying function. Adjective
+ Noun combinations. Noun + Noun combinations.
Conventional pre-modifiers. Non-specific modification. Intensifiers
and downtoners. Fluency and word-modification. How to avoid
modification. Intensifiers. Downtoners. How to avoid complexity.
Embedded noun-phrases. Specific and non-specific words. Composing
speech and speaking at the same time. Mental assessment and
planning. Control of speech delivery. Inevitability of loose
packing. Speech composition features. Listeners point
of view. Looseness vs. Conciseness.
B8: Impromptu Speech-flow techniques: Impromptu word group
ordering. Makeshift improvisations. Special ways of word group
ordering. Topiccomment arrangement. Commenttopic
arrangement. Repeated reference. Self-correction. Arrangement
in parenthesis. Fronting. Appended word groups. Fragmentary
word groups. Struggle-free speech-composition. Two types of
self-imposed restrictions. Inter-related restrictive actions.
Two techniques to smooth the way. Use of comment clauses.
Comment clauses in statements. Comment clause combinations.
Vagueness and Imprecision. Non-occurrence and non-availability
of lexical item. Listing. Talking about quantity, number,
duration, etc. Vagueness and uncertainty about what/who/where.
Quality, description, etc. sort of. Vagueness
through intensification. Generic use of you and
they. Starting trouble. Discourse markers. Discourse
markers in combination. Combination of comment clauses and
discourse markers. Topic shift. Other topic shift markers.
Steadying influence of the hesitation pause. Analyze the texts
S4: Fluency Building & Mouth Gymnastics: Fluency through
mouth gymnastics. Past experience handicaps advanced non-native
learners. Mouth gymnastics. Ineffective methods. Fluency in
wrong usages is a handicap. Word classes for mouth
gymnastics. Knowledge of organs of speech. The vocal apparatus.
Word groups for mouth gymnastics.
S5: Fluency in Speaking about People: A persons
make-up. Behaviour. Attitude. Intelligence. Personality
& personality traits. Feelings & emotions.
B9: Fluency in Asking Questions: How to make questions.
Role of questions. Difficulty in framing questions. Chief
reason for the difficulty. Question types. Yes-No questions.
Conversion of statements into yes-no questions. Responses
to yes-no questions. Negative yes-no questions. Everyday yes-no
questions for practice. Wh-questions. Conversion of statements
into wh-questions. Advanced wh-questions. Everyday wh-questions
for practice. Question-initiator word groups. Declarative
questions. Yes-no declarative questions. Wh-declarative questions.
Tag questions. Structure. Special cases. Three important points
you should remember. Invariant tag questions. Rhythm drill.
B10: Oral Training in Fluency Vocabulary (Part II): Reply
Expressions. Prompt-response practice. Subsidiary word groups.
Manner word groups. Complementation of verbs by prepositional
phrases. Prepositional phrases. The lexical bond. Free combinations
of verbs and prepositions. Prepositional verbs are not phrasal
verbs. Frequently-used prepositional phrases. Generative Structures.
Fluency and General Structures. Phrasal verbs. Adjective+Noun
word groups. Fixed Expressions.
B11: Fluency & Moment-to-moment speech production:
Life-giving elements of spoken English. A common mistake.
Speech-composition features & duration of speech. Spoken
English texts. The conversational touch. Directives. Exclamations.
Special conversational emphasis. Leaving out words. Comparison.
Comparison of qualities and characteristics. Comparison of
manner. Phrasal verbs. Adjective + Noun.
B12: Oral Training in Fluency Vocabulary (Part III): Everyday
Medical English: Speaking about health and illness. Doctor
to patient. Case-taking: Questioning the patient. Examination
procedure. Mental examination by doctor. Diagnosis/treatment.
Language patients use. General illness. Patients speaking
about their mental state. General. Speech initiators in educated
circles. How do people judge you? The way to sound educated
and cultured. Image-building word groups. Adjective + noun.
Phrasal verbs. Everyday questions for practice. Prompt-response
practice. Rhythm drill. Final words.
S6: Fluency in Topicwise English (Part I): Fluency in
speaking about a wide range of topics. Driving. Vehicle repairs
& maintenance. Clothes. Weather. Money. Entertainment
S7: Fluency & Pronunciation: Pronunciation of conversational
English. How to pronounce English like a native speaker of
English. Intensive practice.
S8: Fluency in Topicwise English (Part II): Good and bad.
Farming, agriculture & gardening. Sports & Games.
Essential computer English. Crime. Nature. Buildings and Home.