- Genetic factors
- Environmental factors
- Materials allergens
- Respiratory tract infections (especially viruses)
- Air pollution
- Food Factor
- Mechanical factors
- Psychological factors
The entry of allergens into the airway will cause a reaction between the allergen with immunoglobulin E. The release of materials from mastosit mediators, which cause the inflammation in the bronchial mucosa and submucosa causing bronchial smooth muscle contraction.
Infiltration of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, neutrophils, and other airway epithelial damage, resulting in expenditures as well as mediators and thickening of the mucosal and submucosal edema. There is hyperplasia of the glands Goblet cells. Happen "mucous plug" on-line the airways.
Complaints and symptoms depend on the severity at the time of the attack. In bronchial asthma attacks are mild and without complications, complaints and no typical symptoms.
- Breath sounds
Abnormalities of the upper airway, bronchi, thoracic, and skins, can be rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, asthma and alveoler broncho-lung hyperinflation.
- Anxiety / anxiety / panic / sweating
- Blood pressure increases
- Pulse increased
- Pulsus paradoxus: decrease in systolic blood pressure over 10 mm Hg at the time of inspiration
- Respiratory frequency increased
- Auxiliary respiratory muscles hypertrophy
- Obtained prolonged expiratory
- Increased blood Eosinophils> 250/mm3
- Analysis of blood gases in status asthmaticus
Pulmonary Physiology: decreased FEV1
Skin test: to indicate the presence of allergic
Bronchial provocation test: with inhaled histamine, acetylcholine, allergens.
- Anamnesa: complaints of shortness of breath by breath sounds ngiik frequent recurrence. The existence of hereditary factors and the presence of precipitating factors.
- Physical examination: a thorough wheezing or prolonged expiratory phase.
• Sputum: Charcot-Leyden crystals, Spiral CurschmannDifferential Diagnosis
• Blood: increased number of eosinophils.
• Physiology lung: airway obstruction (ratio of FEV1 / FVC <75% or PEF <150 liters / minute)
• bronchial provocation tests, skin sensitivity test.
- Upper airway obstruction (stridor)
- Laryngeal dysfunction
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Congestive heart failure (asthma cardial)
- Pulmonary embolism
- Pulmonary infiltrates of eosinophils
- Cough caused by medications (beta blockers, ACE inhibitors).
- Respiratory infection
- Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, Emphysema cutis
- Respiratory failure
- Arrhythmias (especially if previously existing cardiac abnormalities).
Management / Procedure of Bronchial asthma
Special Treatment of Bronchial Asthma
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