Flashcards in Respiratory Anatomy Deck (59)
What is the embryological origin of the respiratory tract?
A respiratory diverticulum from the upper end of the foregut
What structure first form in development of the lungs?
Two lung buds
What do lung buds become?
Primary bronchi divide into what?
What are secondary bronchi also called?
What do secondary bronchi divide into?
What are tertiary bronchi also called?
Tertiary bronchi keep dividing to form what?
What do terminal bronchioles give rise to?
Alveoli develop from respiratory bronchioles when?
What is a rare congenital malformation in which the upper esophagus is blind-ending and the lower esophagus is connected to the trachea by a fistula?
Esophageal atresia with tracheo-esophageal fistula
Where does the trachea begin?
Cricoid cartilage (C6)
What type of cartilage is in the trachea?
What type of cell lines the trachea?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What holds the trachea open?
15-20 U-shaped rings
What are the dimensions of the trachea?
5 inches long and 1 inch in diameter
What connects the tracheal rings posteriorly?
Where does the trachea end?
The sternal angle (of Louis) at T4/T5
What marks the bifurcation of the trachea?
Carina (V shaped cartilage)
Where does the esophagus lie in relation to the trachea?
What crosses the 2nd-4th tracheal rings?
The isthmus of the thyroid
Which bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical?
Which bronchus divides into two secondary bronchi?
Left main bronchus
Which bronchus divides into three secondary bronchi?
Right main bronchus
How much surface area does a lung provide for gas exchange?
40 square meters
What are the different lung surfaces?
Cervical (apex), Diaphragmatic (base), Costovertebral (lateral), Mediastinal (medial)
Which lung is bigger, wider and shorter?
How many bronchopulmonary segments are in each lung?
Where do the intersegmental veins of the lungs drain into?
The azygos veinous system or the pulmonary veins