T’ai-tung, formerly P’i-nan, coastal shih (municipality) and seat, T’ai-tung hsien (county), southeastern Taiwan, on the southern bank of the Pei-nan River, 58 miles (94 km) northeast of Kao-hsiung.
The city was founded and developed during the reigns of Chia-ch’ing (1796–1820) and Hsien-feng (1851–61), both emperors of the Ch’ing dynasty. Situated on an alluvial plain, it is an important agricultural marketing centre; rice, sugarcane, and peanuts (groundnuts) are grown nearby. Sugar milling, cotton ginning, and timber and jute processing are the major industries. T’ai-tung city also has an experimental station for tropical agriculture. It is the southern terminus of the East Line railway from Hua-lien in the north and is connected by air to Taipei city, Kao-hsiung city, and Lan Island. Lack of a good harbour has retarded industrial development in T’ai-tung. Pop. (2007 est.) 110,204.