Light fixtures and lamps have changed dramatically in the past 100 years.
The earliest electric lamps were designed to look like the candlesticks and kerosene lamps they replaced. The early-1900s home had table lamps with colored-glass shades that could use only small-watt bulbs because a heat buildup would damage the glass. Arts and Crafts lamps were usually designed to focus the light down toward the table top. Shades were made of mica, metal or wood, with little glass. The shades were made of dark material. The Art Deco period had floor lamps that flooded the ceiling with light.
By the 1930s, new bulbs made unusual lamps possible. Poul Henningsen of Denmark was an industrial designer who worked with lighting. He searched for a way to make chandeliers and lamps create a diffused light with minimal shadows. In 1925, he designed his first lamps. One of his most famous chandeliers, made in 1958, used flat "plates" or shutters for shades. Each copper "plate" both reflected and diffused the light. The lamp, called "Kogle" in Denmark, is known as the "Artichoke" lamp in the United States.
My antique clock has a case that is made of cast iron. The grapes and grapevines remind me of the iron garden furniture that's popular today. The clock case is painted red and gold. The clock is marked "American Clock Company." It is dated 1850.
Iron clock cases were first made about 1850. Many were made by C.N. Muller of New York. He made cases for many companies, including American, Waterbury and Jerome. A working clock like yours is worth about $500.
My wife and I collect orange and lemon reamers. A friend gave us something we cannot find in any books. It is cast iron and has a cup and reamer that works with a screw press. Cast into the side are the words "Columbia Meat Juice Press 2, Landers, Frary & Clark, New Britain, Conn. USA." What do we have?
You have a 19th-century meat press. It was used to extract juice from beef, boiled mutton, tongue or boned turkey. During the late 1800s, meat juice was used as a concentrated form of nourishment for the ill. The press could also be used to extract juice from fruit.
Columbia was an early brand name used by Landers, Frary & Clark. The company was founded in 1882, when Landers and Smith Co. acquired Frary & Clark, a well-known manufacturer of housewares and hardware. Your meat press is worth $100 to $120.
My very old box of Crayola crayons is pale orange with dark-green lettering. The front of the box includes the words, "No. 8, Crayola School Crayons for Educational Color Work, Gold Medal, Eight Colors, Manufactured by Binney & Smith Co., New York, Paris." All of the crayons are inside the box and have never been used. Can you help me determine the age and value?
Binney & Smith has been making Crayola-brand crayons since 1903. Edwin Binney and his cousin C. Harold Smith founded the company in 1885 and opened a factory in Easton, Pa., in 1900. The firm made paints and chalks before expanding to colored wax crayons. The style of your box was used when Crayola crayons were introduced, but an office in Paris did not open until later. In excellent condition, your full crayon box is worth about $50. Binney & Smith's corporate headquarters are still in Easton. The company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Hallmark in 1984.
I have a spoon marked "Perry O'Daniel, Standard." It is made of very thin silver. Can you tell me about it?
Perry O'Daniel was a Philadelphia watchmaker who is listed as having worked from 1836 to 1852. He might have bought coin silver spoons and had his name stamped on them before he sold them in his store. The word "standard" was used instead of "coin" in the Philadelphia area.
What is cottage ware?
The term "cottage ware" was used in England more than in America. The W.H. Goss Pottery of England worked from 1858 to 1939 and made several lines, including Royal Buff and Cottage Pottery. Royal Buff is a brown ware, and Cottage Pottery is pale yellow. Both marks were used on both types.
Cottage Pottery has pieces made in the shape of a typical English thatched-roof country cottage. There is a cottage-shaped teapot, coffee pot, milk jug, cookie jar, cheese dish, egg cup, marmalade jar, salt shaker, butter dish and pepper pot. Other pieces, including dishes, are decorated with scenes of the countryside that include a cottage. Royal Buff is usually decorated with flowers.
Clean chrome with a commercial chrome cleaner or an acidic cleaner. Rinse, then rub it to a shine with a dry cloth.
The Kovels answer as many questions as possible through the column. By sending a letter with a question, you give full permission for its use in the column or any other Kovel forum. Names and addresses will not be published. We cannot guarantee the return of any photograph, but if a stamped envelope is included, we will try. The volume of mail makes personal answers or appraisals impossible. Write to Kovels, Lawrence Journal-World, King Features Syndicate, 235 E. 45th St., New York, NY 10017.
- Depression glass and the dinnerware of the 1930s to '50s are important collectibles today. Learn more about prices, makers and patterns in the "Kovels' Depression Glass and Dinnerware Price List, 6th Edition." Send $16 plus $3 postage to Depression Glass, Box 22900, Beachwood, Ohio 44122 or call (800) 571-1555.