At present the certificate for the right to emit a ton of CO2 costs approx. 5 EUR. Many climate protectionists criticise that such low prices are not sufficient to induce investments in new low-carbon technologies. For industry players it is simply less expensive to buy emission rights instead.
This is where the reform of the EU ETS comes in: starting in 2020 at the latest, the price for CO2 certificates shall increase. To achieve this, the amount of certificates is to be reduced every year by either putting them into a Market Stability Reserve and by distributing less free allowances.
To keep European industry competitive, energy intensive industry will continue to receive free certificates, albeit in a somewhat more restrictive way. The aim is to prevent carbon or investment leaking, i.e. moving their operations elsewhere, into areas without CO2 pricing.
However, emission shifting also happens within the EU. So, member states have to take action, too. In some EU countries, which incentivise and financially promote the development of renewable energies or which feature ambitious national targets for specific industry sectors, emissions are being reduced. At the same time though, other EU countries benefit from the increased amount of allowances becoming available this way and the CO2 price keeps dropping. This is not what the ETS was set up to achieve.
So, member states rather than supporting specific technologies need to allow for the system to work and do their homework: e.g. by expanding the electricity grid infrastructure as well as rolling out the necessary charging stations for electronic vehicles.