Kimberly Abbott |
Adequate food, water, health care and space are the bare essentials a horse needs to survive. Unfortunately, there are many horses that don’t receive these fundamentals. Although horsekeeping styles may vary, there are key signs that indicate a horse’s basic care is being overlooked.
What is Neglect?
Emaciation is a major cause for concern in horses. Protruding hip bones and clearly visible vertebrae and ribs are evidence that a horse has not been given a sufficient amount of food, and perhaps water, for quite some time. Other red flags include a severe injury that has not been tended to, or excessively long hooves that are beginning to curl upward at the toes. If a horse appears to be only slightly underweight, watch for other indicators that he may be living in a situation of neglect, such as no available food or water and an unhealthy living environment.
"Sometimes [owners will] have really poor fencing that could be a danger to a horse,” says Lori Neagle, executive director of the Kentucky Equine Humane Center (KyEHC) in Nicholasville, Ky. "If the horses are on a dirt lot that’s not maintained properly and [the owners] don’t get rid of the manure, that would be considered a poor environment.”
Essie Rogers, director of education and Health & Welfare programs at the Kentucky Horse Council, says that a poor environment can be classified as neglect if a horse develops health issues as a result of it. "A horse living in mud is not illegal in Kentucky, but a horse living in mud with a significant infection that’s not being tended to properly could be considered failure to provide proper health care,” she says. Under Kentucky law, owners are required to provide adequate food, water, space and health care.
Looks Can Be Deceiving
A horse that is slightly underweight may look unhealthy, but it doesn’t necessarily mean he is being neglected. Neagle points out that if only a single horse in a herd appears to be thin, it’s likely that he is old or has health issues. However, this may not be true in all situations.
"There might be some horses that look pretty good and a couple might look poor,” says Neagle. "You may think, ‘If the other horses look good, then [the owners] must be taking care of the poor ones,’ but that’s not always the case.
"A lot of times, depending on their feed situation, if there are horses that are low on the pecking order, they might not be getting enough food if they’re not being properly supervised,” continues Neagle. "If all of the horses are thin, then you know something is going on.”
Rogers says there is really no way to be sure that a horse is being neglected. "If you watch horses deteriorate over time, it’s an indicator that something is going on and perhaps they need intervention,” she says. Rogers explains that there can be differing opinions regarding appropriate standards of care. Although one person may see a horse as being neglected, another person may feel he looks perfectly healthy.
If you are worried that a horse is being neglected but are not sure, report the situation to your local animal control officer. If you live in an area where there is no animal control service, contact the sheriff’s office or your local law enforcement agency.
"The important thing is to report abuse as soon as you see the first signs of neglect,” says Beckey Reiter, an animal control officer in Boone County, Ky. "Don’t wait until the animal has deteriorated to the point where rehabilitation is compromised.”
Neagle says it is a good idea to follow through with your report to be sure the situation has been investigated and/or resolved.
"People just assume that because they’ve reported it, it’s being handled, and we often find that’s not the case,” she says. If you find it difficult to get in touch with the proper authorities, your local horse rescue (if one exists) may be able to offer assistance. "We get a lot of calls for abuse cases, and we ask them if they’ve contacted their local officials. If they say, ‘yes, but nothing has been done,’ we will call on their behalf,” says Neagle.
What Happens Afterward?
The penalties associated with equine neglect and the outcome for a horse if his owner is convicted will vary by state and district. In Kentucky, if a county is rewarded custody of a horse, it is responsible for that horse’s future. Rogers says a county will usually adopt out a horse locally, surrender him to a rescue facility or send him to a local auction.
"Horses are considered personal property [in Kentucky],” says Rogers. "Sometimes the court system doesn’t award the county custody of animals; they may be returned to the owner even if he or she is convicted. It depends on the county and how it’s managed.”
If you are concerned about a horse’s well-being, don’t hesitate to report it. In some cases, the authorities may already be aware of the situation and can tell you if it is being investigated or if the horse has underlying health conditions but is receiving proper care. "Sometimes catching it early and educating the owner may prevent it from becoming a serious case or criminal matter,” says Reiter.
Teddy is an 11-year-old Thoroughbred gelding who arrived at the Kentucky Equine Humane Center (KyEHC) with no name and no previous history. The volunteers affectionately called him Teddy because of his kind, "teddy bear” nature. He was adopted in March and is now a resident at the Boys’ Haven Equine Program in Louisville, Ky., whose mission is to "shelter, heal, and teach young people to become productive and healthy members of the community.”
June Featured Rescue: Horse Protection Association of Florida
Set on 149 acres in Micanopy, Fla., the Horse Protection Association of Florida (HPAF) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit equine rescue that takes in and rehabilitates horses of all breeds that are caught in situations of neglect, abuse or starvation. In an effort to help equines heal, the HPAF keeps them in as natural an environment as possible.
"The horses live in group environments on large acreage where they can move and socialize as they would in nature,” says Morgan Silver, executive director of the HPAF. The organization also uses both holistic and traditional health care methods.
Each new horse is put on a nutrition plan and is rehabilitated physically and emotionally before going through a retraining program that uses natural horsemanship techniques to prepare him for a new home.
In addition to caring for and adopting out the horses, the HPAF offers educational programs to law enforcement officials so they are better able to detect equine abuse and neglect. The organization hopes to develop public education programs in the near future. For more information about the HPAF, go to www.hpaf.org
Video: Horse Body Condition Scoring
This article originally appeared in the June 2009 issue of Horse Illustrated. Click here to subscribe.
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