Human personality is all that causes a person to behave the way they do in all their aspects of social, emotional and physical. The causes of human personality is reflected and developed in ones unconscious components including feelings, wishes, thoughts and drives which are very proactive below the conscious awareness which does not recognize their existence. This unconscious component of human personality is reflected and manifested through the slip of the tongue or in dreams. Personality is broadly categorized in to three broad groups including ID which exists at birth in a complete unconscious part of a human mind existing without logic or morals and solely depends on instincts with other sub – groups of Eros which is instincts inclined towards biological gratifications. Lastly we have the Thanatos which is the death instinct inclined to one’s destruction as well as others. Therefore the human personality of ID is always in constant conflict between Eros and Thanatoes. However to shape these personalities, the Ego forms a vital component that attempts to organize the behavioral characters as well as formulating plans which will consequently lead to ID satisfaction in a realistic safe means. Therefore, Ego forms the conscious part of the mind that assists an individual to adapt and fit in the real world.
Many theories have been advanced to explain the character personality and its development by many personologists. Sigmund Freud explained personality as consisting of three psyche which are ID, Ego and Superego. He describes id as the most important part of the psyche which has no capability of controlling its functions and roles. Freud therefore describes id as common to everyone operating under the pleasure principle striving to attain pleasure avoiding all the possible pain. Freud describes id as urge to be satisfied immediately using all means possible. Another theorist who tries to explain the psyche personality is Jung. He was similar in explanation of the unconscious nature and personality traits of human beings just like the explanation of Freud but he differed on fundamental foundational means and components of id. Jung termed it as Analytical psychology simply to distinguish his thoughts and explanations from Freud’s Psychoanalysis. Though both theories are described differently, their foundation only attempts to make unknown the unconscious of personality striking their balance in psyche development (Nancy 1994).
Lastly, Edler explaining the same unconscious component of personality development like Freud and Jung differentiated his working by terming them as individual Psychology which had its foundational arguments of the indivisibility of the personality. His divergence view with Freud was that, humans can be viewed as whole and not as parts. His view of human beings existing as extremely self determined differentiated him from other psychological thinkers. His belief was that human beings always exercised self control in decision making processes and also on their lives which shapes and defines them. Edler concludes by describing the responsibility increased by the conscious component of a person cultivating the fellowship which increases care for each other for the entire mankind enhancing mental, emotional and physical health therefore resulting to happiness of all individuals (Richard 1997).
The theories have fundamentally emphasized the components of human personality including the conscious and the unconscious parts which I agree with as core elements of human personality. However, their illustration and description of categories of the unconscious element is not satisfying. I however disagree that the satisfaction and control of the unconscious elements cultivates fellowship like conscious in individuals resulting to happiness. Also the process of development in the psychological theories is not so satisfying with how humans grow and develop (Nancy 1994).
Freud’s three stages begin shortly after a child is born in the mouth commonly known as oral psyche demonstrated when a child has the urge to suck. The second stage begins at age two developing through the anal elements where the child begins to seek self release through anus for instance the stool excretion. Lastly is the third stage known as phallic phase focusing on genitals as the centre of pleasure and self fulfilling. The Oedipus complex becomes alive during this stage like the sexual satisfaction.