Diabetes is a persistent disease where, because of the insufficiency or total lack of the hormone insulin, the physical body cannot use the sugar and starches in the diet properly. Common Characteristics Diabetes takes two forms: insulin-dependent (juvenile-onset) and non-insulin-dependent (maturity onset) diabetes. The previous, which often begins during childhood through young adulthood, is seen as a failure to create sufficient or any insulin, the hormone needed to regulate the body’s use of glucose or sugar. To control the insulin-dependent form of the condition, diabetics must have injections of insulin on the regular–daily or even more often–basis.
Insulin is produced by cells in the islets of Langerhans, which are located throughout the pancreas. In insulin-dependent diabetics, the islets produce little if any insulin. The reasons aren’t grasped completely. Without insulin, or with insufficient insulin, glucose accumulates in the blood. There is generally some blood sugar in the blood (about one part in 1,000), however in diabetes the total amount rises to dangerously high levels substantially, and spills over into the urine.
The most common symptom of diabetes is thirst, followed by regular urination (as often as once one hour). There is certainly often marked weight reduction and there could be repeated attacks of your skin also, gums or urinary system, and fatigue, weakness, or apathy. Tingling sensations in the tactile hands and feet, cramps in the legs and blurred vision are further symptoms.
In insulin-dependent diabetes, the symptoms usually quickly develop. Diabetes is usually diagnosed by a simple test where the glucose level in the blood is measured; if it is raised persistently, the patient has the disease. By yet, there is absolutely no cure for diabetes, however the disease can be managed by insulin injections, diet, and a scheduled program of physical activity.
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The goals of treatment are to relieve the symptoms, reduce the amount of blood sugar in the urine and blood, and lower the risk of problems. For insulin-dependent diabetics, treatment includes injections of insulin, which may be required as seldom as once a day or as often as three times a day. Since insulin is a hormone that is digested if taken orally, it must be administrated by injection. Therefore, it’s important to figure out how to administer the injections yourself. This may seem difficult at first, but with proper instructions and practice, even a child can soon get good at injections.
Your doctor will let you know where and exactly how to give them. Diet is also important in managing diabetes. In an average diabetic regimen, calories (800 to 1 1,500 daily, with respect to the patient’s weight) are distributed in smaller meals taken at regular intervals. Carbohydrates constitute 50 to 60 percent of the total intake, with plenty of fibrous foods such as wholegrain cereals and breads, vegetables, and fruits. Simple carbohydrates are restricted to 5 to 15 percent of all carbohydrates calories and should come from natural sources such as milk and fruit rather than from candies, cookies, and so on.
Of the total calorie consumption, 30 to 35 percent come from fats and 12 to 20 percent (depending on age and activity) from proteins. Key factors are controlling the intake of simple carbohydrates (sugar), eating balanced meals and keeping an ideal body weight. It is important to keep rigorously to the recommended timetable of meals and snacks.
The diet was created to keep the blood glucose level steady so that every dosage of insulin will have approximately the same amount of glucose to act upon. The potency of the procedure in keeping blood glucose at an acceptable level must be examined frequently–in some cases, a day several times.