Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a planar (flat) hexagonal latice. Graphite, the material used in pencils and tennis rackets, is many layers of graphene combined together. Isolating a single layer of graphite (graphene) was first achieved in 2004 at the University of Manchester by Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov. The two scientists isolated the one-atom thick layer using 3M Scotch tape on a block of graphite. Although scientists theorised its existence for many years, no one was able to isolate graphene until Geim and Novoselov, work that subsequently saw the pair be awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics.