mowj-e gerâneši (#)
Fr.: ondes gravitationnelles
A → space-time oscillation created by the motion of matter,
as predicted by Einstein's → general relativity.
When an object accelerates, it creates ripples in space-time, just
like a boat causes ripples in a lake.
Gravitational waves are extremely weak even for the most massive objects like
→ supermassive black holes.
They had been inferred from observing a → binary pulsar
in which the components slow down, due to losing energy from
emitting gravitational waves. Gravitational waves were directly detected for the
first time on September 14, 2015 by the
→ Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)
(Abbott et al., 2016, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 061102).
Since then several other events have been detected by LIGO and
→ Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).
The Nobel Prize in physics 2017 was awarded to three physicists who had leading
roles in the first detection of gravitational waves using LIGO. They were
Rainer Weiss (MIT), Barry C. Barish, and Kip S. Thorne (both Caltech).