Summarization is one of the most difficult aspects of reading to master. Students will often get to the end of a passage and not even be able to explain the reading in a concise, logical manner. With some training and the use of one-sentence summary frames, readers can quickly and accurately summarize passages by paragraph.
If no author is given, use the title of the article: The main idea or argument needs to be included in this first sentence. Give a full reference for this citation at the end of the summary see 6. For a one-paragraph summary, discuss each supporting point in a separate sentence.
Give explanations for each supporting point, summarizing the information from the original. For a multi-paragraph summary, discuss each supporting point in a separate paragraph.
Introduce it in the first sentence topic sentence. The first major area in which women have become a powerful force is politics. Use discourse markers that reflect the organization and controlling idea of the original, for example cause-effect, comparison-contrast, classification, process, chronological order, persuasive argument, etc.
In a longer summary, remind your reader that you are paraphrasing by using "reminder phrases," such as The author goes on to say that The article author further states that Author's last name also believes that Give a full reference for the citation see the example below for the in-text citations in 2.
For citing electronic sources, please see Citation of Electronic Resources.
This video investigates the basic elements needed to create an effective one sentence summary and a summary paragraph. Michael Dell turns the PC world inside out.paragraph, the flow from one sentence to the next, and the conventions of writing including spelling and punctuation.
Because of the complexity of writing a summary, primary students initially need a great deal of scaffolding to ensure success. 9Summary Frames Summarizing the text Purpose Summary frames are a series of questions that emphasize the important elements within a text pattern.
Students answer the questions, then write summaries based on their responses. Procedure 1. Students need to be aware of and able to identify the patterns commonly used in texts. 2. Sentence frames provide a frame of a complete sentence for students, while sentence starters are — as the name implies — a starter for students who must complete the sentence.
Signal words are those words and phrases that clue in the reader or listener to the purpose of the message. Establish the purpose for using summary frames. Select a text and a summary frame that supports the organization of the selected text.
Model the use of the summary frames with the students, using a class text and a think aloud to illustrate your thinking; scaffold as needed.
A topic sentence — a general statement or opinion; Three to five examples that develop the topic or opinion; Transitions when needed; A summary sentence at the end; Provide students with a blank frame. Ask students fill in the missing portions of the frame to write a complete paragraph.
Summary Frames The Argumentation Frame 1. What information is presented that leads to a claim? 2. What is the basic statement or claim that is the focus of the information? 3. What examples or explanations are presented to support this claim?
4. What concessions are made about the claim?