Introduction to the Subject
If the drawings are not clear and without complete dimensions the
prepa-ration of estimation become very difficult. So, It is very essential
before prepar-ing an estimate.
General Specifications: This gives the nature, quality, class and
work and materials in general terms to be used in various parts of
wok. It helps no form a general idea of building.
Detailed Specifications: These gives the detailed description of the
vari-ous items of work laying down the Quantities and qualities of
materials, their proportions, the method of preparation
workmanship and execution of work.
For preparing the estimate the unit rates of each item of work are
For arriving at the unit rates of each item.
The rates of various materials to be used in the construction.
The cost of transport materials.
The wages of labour, skilled or unskilled of masons, carpenters,
Most of people think that the estimate of a structure includes cost of land,
cost of materials and labour, But many other direct and indirect costs included
and is shown below.
Cost of land
Actual Cost of
cost of Surveying
The Complete Estimate
Cost of Structure
Cost of Permit fees for
Verification if any
of deeds and