- know and understand the history of these islands as a coherent, chronological narrative, from the earliest times to the present day: how people’s lives have shaped this nation and how Britain has influenced and been influenced by the wider world
- know and understand significant aspects of the history of the wider world: the nature of ancient civilisations; the expansion and dissolution of empires; characteristic features of past non-European societies; achievements and follies of mankind
- gain and deploy a historically grounded understanding of abstract terms such as ‘empire’, ‘civilisation’, ‘parliament’ and ‘peasantry’
- understand historical concepts such as continuity and change, cause and consequence, similarity, difference and significance, and use them to make connections, draw contrasts, analyse trends, frame historically-valid questions and create their own structured accounts, including written narratives and analyses
- understand the methods of historical enquiry, including how evidence is used rigorously to make historical claims, and discern how and why contrasting arguments and interpretations of the past have been constructed
- gain historical perspective by placing their growing knowledge into different contexts, understanding the connections between local, regional, national and international history; between cultural, economic, military, political, religious and social history; and between short- and long-term timescales.
- changes within living memory. Where appropriate, these should be used to reveal aspects of change in national life
- events beyond living memory that are significant nationally or globally [for example, the Great Fire of London, the first aeroplane flight or events commemorated through festivals or anniversaries]
- the lives of significant individuals in the past who have contributed to national and international achievements. Some should be used to compare aspects of life in different periods [for example, Elizabeth I and Queen Victoria, Christopher Columbus and Neil Armstrong, William Caxton and Tim Berners-Lee, Pieter Bruegel the Elder and LS Lowry, Rosa Parks and Emily Davison, Mary Seacole and/or Florence Nightingale and Edith Cavell]
- significant historical events, people and places in their own locality.
- Changes in Britain from the Stone Age to the Iron Age. Examples (non-statutory) This could include:late Neolithic hunter-gatherers and early farmers, for example, Skara Brae; Bronze Age religion, technology and travel, for example, Stonehenge, Iron Age hill forts: tribal kingdoms, farming, art and culture
- The Roman Empire and its impact on Britain Examples (non-statutory) This could include: Julius Caesar’s attempted invasion in 55-54 BC; the Roman Empire by AD 42 and the power of its army; successful invasion by Claudius and conquest, including Hadrian’s Wall; British resistance, for example, Boudica; ‘Romanisation’ of Britain: sites such as Caerwent and the impact of technology, culture and beliefs, including early Christianity
- Britain’s settlement by Anglo-Saxons and Scots Examples (non-statutory) This could include: Roman withdrawal from Britain in c. AD 410 and the fall of the western Roman Empire Scots invasions from Ireland to north Britain (now Scotland); Anglo-Saxon invasions, settlements and kingdoms: place names and village life; Anglo-Saxon art and culture; Christian conversion – Canterbury, Iona and Lindisfarne;
- The Viking and Anglo-Saxon struggle for the Kingdom of England to the time of Edward the Confessor Examples (non-statutory) This could include: Viking raids and invasion; resistance by Alfred the Great and Athelstan, first king of England further Viking invasions and Danegeld; Anglo-Saxon laws and justice; Edward the Confessor and his death in 1066
- A local history study Examples (non-statutory); a depth study linked to one of the British areas of study listed above; a study over time tracing how several aspects of national history are reflected in the locality (this can go beyond 1066); a study of an aspect of history or a site dating from a period beyond 1066 that is significant in the locality.
- A study of an aspect or theme in British history that extends pupils’ chronological knowledge beyond 1066. Examples (non-statutory): the changing power of monarchs using case studies such as John, Anne and Victoria; changes in an aspect of social history, such as crime and punishment from the Anglo-Saxons to the present or leisure and entertainment in the 20th Century; the legacy of Greek or Roman culture (art, architecture or literature) on later periods in British history, including the present day; a significant turning point in British history, for example, the first railways or the Battle of Britain
- The achievements of the earliest civilizations – an overview of where and when the first civilizations appeared and a depth study of one of the following: Ancient Sumer; The Indus Valley; Ancient Egypt; The Shang Dynasty of Ancient China
- Ancient Greece – a study of Greek life and achievements and their influence on the western world
- A non-European society that provides contrasts with British history – one study chosen from: early Islamic civilization, including a study of Baghdad c. AD 900; Mayan civilization c. AD 900; Benin (West Africa) c. AD 900-1300.
- develop contextual knowledge of the location of globally significant places – both terrestrial and marine – including their defining physical and human characteristics and how these provide a geographical context for understanding the actions of processes
- understand the processes that give rise to key physical and human geographical features of the world, how these are interdependent and how they bring about spatial variation and change over time
- are competent in the geographical skills needed to: collect, analyse and communicate with a range of data gathered through experiences of fieldwork that deepen their understanding of geographical processes; interpret a range of sources of geographical information, including maps, diagrams, globes, aerial photographs and Geographical Information Systems (GIS); communicate geographical information in a variety of ways, including through maps, numerical and quantitative skills and writing at length.
- Locational knowledge: name and locate the world’s seven continents and five oceans; name, locate and identify characteristics of the four countries and capital cities of the United Kingdom and its surrounding seas
- Place knowledge: understand geographical similarities and differences through studying the human and physical geography of a small area of the United Kingdom, and of a small area in a contrasting non-European country
- Human and physical geography: identify seasonal and daily weather patterns in the United Kingdom and the location of hot and cold areas of the world in relation to the Equator and the North and South Pole; use basic geographical vocabulary to refer to key physical features, including: beach, cliff, coast, forest, hill, mountain, sea, ocean, river, soil, valley, vegetation, season and weather; key human features, including: city, town, village, factory, farm, house, office, port, harbour and shop
- Geographical skills and fieldwork: use world maps, atlases and globes to identify the United Kingdom and its countries, as well as the countries, continents and oceans studied at this key stage; use simple compass directions (North, South, East and West) and locational and directional language [for example, near and far; left and right], to describe the location of features and routes on a map; use aerial photographs and plan perspectives to recognise landmarks and basic human and physical features; devise a simple map; and use and construct basic symbols in a key; use simple fieldwork and observational skills to study the geography of their school and its grounds and the key human and physical features of its surrounding environment.
- Locational knowledge: locate the world’s countries, using maps to focus on Europe (including the location of Russia) and North and South America, concentrating on their environmental regions, key physical and human characteristics, countries, and major cities; name and locate counties and cities of the United Kingdom, geographical regions and their identifying human and physical characteristics, key topographical features (including hills, mountains, coasts and rivers), and land-use patterns; and understand how some of these aspects have changed over time;identify the position and significance of latitude, longitude, Equator, Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, Arctic and Antarctic Circle, the Prime/Greenwich Meridian and time zones (including day and night)
- Place knowledge: understand geographical similarities and differences through the study of human and physical geography of a region of the United Kingdom, a region in a European country, and a region within North or South America
- Human and physical geography: describe and understand key aspects of physical geography, including: climate zones, biomes and vegetation belts, rivers, mountains, volcanoes and earthquakes, and the water cycle; human geography, including: types of settlement and land use, economic activity including trade links, and the distribution of natural resources including energy, food, minerals and water
- Geographical skills and fieldwork: use maps, atlases, globes and digital/computer mapping to locate countries and describe features studied; use the eight points of a compass, four and six-figure grid references, symbols and key (including the use of Ordnance Survey maps) to build their knowledge of the United Kingdom and the wider world; use fieldwork to observe, measure, record and present the human and physical features in the local area using a range of methods, including sketch maps, plans and graphs, and digital technologies.
Children in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) are taught and assessed against the statements in the non statutory guidance ‘Early Years Outcomes’. Teachers plan according to a child’s age and stage of development. Where a child in EYFS 1 enters with a low baseline they may be taught and assessed against the 22-36 months statements. However typically children in EYFS 1 will be working within the 30-50m age band while children in EYFS 2 will be working within the 40-60+m age band.
Children progress from emerging to developing and then expected in each band before moving into the next. At the end of EYFS 2 children will be assessed against the Early Learning Goals. A child is seen to have a good level of development (GLD) if they reach the Early Leaning Goals in the prime areas (personal, social and emotional development, physical development and communication and language) as well as maths and literacy.
The EYFS has 7 areas of learning-3 prime areas and 4 specific areas:
Prime areas Personal, social and emotional development
Communication and language
Specific areas Literacy
Understanding the world
Expressive arts and design
Understanding the world includes history, geography, science, ICT, RE.