A stress fracture is also known as fatigue fracture of bone caused by continuous submaximal stress (Behrens et al., 2013).
In order to maintain a healthy bone structure, bone turnover is essential; bone turnover involves the removal of weakened, damaged areas of bone and the laying down of new bone at the same location.To do this, old bone is resorbed (removed) before it is replaced with new bone. If bone formation cannot keep up with bone resorption, areas of weakness can develop within the neck of the femur. This can develop into a stress fracture if the bone is continually loaded.
In athletes training habits, biological and biomechanical factors contribute to stress fractures. A sudden increase in exercise intensity increases the risk of a stress fracture (Behrens et al., 2013). Also, hard surfaces additionally add up to risk factors.
Most stress fractures heal with rest and modification (Behrens et al., 2013); therefore, management includes reasonable loading during exercising and modification of lifestyle.
Behrens S.B. et al., 2013, Stress Fractures of the Pelvis and Legs in Athletes, Sports Health, 5(2); pp: 165-174