Learn about the temperament ✅, the standard ✅ and the characteristics of the ✅ pug. See what he likes, his description, character traits, molting and behavior 🐕. Take a look at the ✅ photo of a pug
Pug: characteristics of the breed
|Tendency to training|
|Attitudes towards children|
In the Netherlands pugs were called Chinese mastiff. In France in the 19th century, "Carlin" in honor of the actor of the comic genre Carlino, who performed in a black mask, reminiscent of the muzzle of a pug. In Europe they were called boudoir dogs for the fact that they warmed noble ladies in their unheated boudoir. In England, the breed is called "pag" (pug).
There is no doubt that the ancestors of the pug appeared in the East about 3 thousand years ago. A small group of researchers recognize the birthplace of the breed India, but most still prefer China. Some consider it a twin breed of Puges Pug, but there is no reliable information that these dogs had common ancestors. In imperial China, long known little dogs with a short muzzle and protruding lower jaw. A long-haired species called Ha Pa enjoyed great honor, they could only live in palaces and belong to the family of the emperor. These were the ancestors of Pekingese.
Other dogs were called Luo Jie, their hair was short, and probably for this, or maybe for another reason, they enjoyed less honor. Most of Luo Jie lived in the homes of wealthy people, and only a small amount was awarded to living in palaces along with Ha Pa.
A legend is known according to which the ancestors of Luo Jie are considered to be Fu dogs, lions, bred by Tibetan monks. They brought happiness to their masters.
Despite the great freedom with regard to the acquisition of dogs with short muzzles, not every Chinese could afford to buy a pug puppy in those distant times. In the houses of the nobility, the dogs were provided with careful care, which even the modern pugs might envy. A special servant was assigned to the group of dogs, who was responsible for their well-being and health almost with their own lives. Along the street, pugs moved on special closed stretchers carried by servants. This was done in order not to tire the dog and hide its majestic appearance from the unworthy looks of commoners. Such puppies were not cheap, but sometimes they were given for some special merits, and this was considered a very valuable gift.
Especially prized pugs for wrinkles on the muzzle, then they were not as pronounced as in modern dogs, but were considered a sign on which you need to be equal in breeding. Such attention to the folds of the pug was explained by the fact that the ancient Chinese saw in them a resemblance to hieroglyphics and called them the imperial sign.
The development of trade relations with China led to the fact that the first pugs swam across the ocean and found themselves in Holland. It was with this country began their triumphal march through Europe. The first pug was on European soil in the late 15th and early 16th centuries and immediately charmed noble ladies. Evil tongues claimed that secular beauties kept these dogs for what they seemed to Europeans at that time as monstrous monkeys, and against the backdrop of them any woman looked more beautiful. But let's hope that women of past centuries really loved their short-legged little pets.
In a more democratic Europe there were no such rigid hierarchical orders as in China. Therefore pugs could be found not only in the environment of kings and higher nobility, but also simply in the homes of rich people: traders, jewelers, craftsmen. One can even trace an interesting trend that wealthy people of non-ordinary origin sought to get this royal dog to overcome class barriers.
In any case, the popularity of pugs in the 17-18 centuries was incredible. These dogs with a touching face and a thoughtful look were held in almost every self-respecting house. There are a lot of art works on which pugs are depicted with noble ladies and their children. Respect this small breed and men, especially after the pug saved the life of the king.
During the war with Spain Pug Pompey saved the life of the King of Holland Wilhelm Tishayshemu. He woke him up when the enemy suddenly attacked the sleeping camp. For this noble act the pug became the official dog of the house of the Orange family in the 16th century.
Especially pug was popular in the Rococo era, when he became as important an attribute of a fashionista as a powdered wig and fly. But as often happens, having reached the peak of its popularity, it is simultaneously the beginning of the extinction of interest. It also happened to the pug. He became one of the symbols of Napoleon's epoch, as he was the favorite of the Empress Josephine, and the Emperor's brother kept a pug's kennel.
Pug Fortune, faithful dog Josefina, bitten the emperor on his wedding night. But then Fortune changed her anger to mercy and even carried in her collar the love notes of Napoleon to her mistress.
But when the empire collapsed, the pug became an undesirable breed. To keep him in his house has now become not very convenient from a political point of view. Therefore, for a time this breed was forgotten, and in Europe of the 19th century it even became a symbol of philistinism, the same as the canary. Pugs fell into the hands of people far from the idea of how to care for this breed. The dogs were overfed, crossed with other small breeds. All this led to the degradation of the breed and threatened to degenerate it.
But here the initiative in saving pugs and returning to them universal love was taken over by Queen Victoria herself, who took the breed under her protection. When the queen in 1864 expressed a desire to buy a pug, she was hardly able to find one worthy representative of the breed. It became clear that the blood of European pugs are not the same, and new representatives of the breed began to import from China. There were black pugs, which were also bred by famous British breeders. This color was called "blackness of the night". The Queen preferred beige and apricot pugs, with the color "heat of the sun." There were professional nurseries, breeding books and other necessary attributes of breed breeding at a decent level. The first club of Pug lovers appeared in 1883, and in 1888 the first breed standard was approved.
For our country pug is quite a young breed, despite its long history. About pugs in Russia learned in the late 19th century, but seriously to breed the breed, Russian aristocrats simply did not have time. After the revolution, Pugs completely disappeared from the number of Soviet dogs. The breed was discovered only in the 80's. 20 century, when the first thoroughbred dogs were brought from the GDR. From them the history of the Pug breed in Russia began. A little later, dogs were brought from England and Poland, and active pug breeding was started by lovers of this breed. Now dogs with exotic appearance of pug breed can be found in almost any Russian city.
After in 1736 the Pope imposed a ban on Freemasonry in Germany, members of the order changed their name to the Order of the Pug. This dog became a secret symbol of German masons.
Breed standard: basic characteristics
Even if you do not dream about a career judge at exhibition rings, but just want to buy a pug puppy, then you should know about what requirements for appearance dictates the standard of this breed .
A clear definition of the appearance of a pug is the expression "much in small". This is a small dog, but stocky and muscular. The format of the dog is square. The head is large, round in shape with a short muzzle resembling a square in shape. The muzzle is not turned up. Well-defined wrinkles.
The eyes are large, round in shape, very expressive, full of thought, fire and unspoken desires. The real pug looks like a wise philosopher. The look of his brilliant eyes expresses meekness and understanding, but with excitement it can be fiery-playful.
The ears are very small, they feel like black velvet. Earlier, pug's ears were docked, but this tendency was abandoned in the late 19th century. Now the preference is given to the ears-buttons, tightly fitting to the skull. These ears completely cover the auricle. But the standard allows and ears-rose, folded over the head so that the auricle is open.
A characteristic feature of the pug is bite: a normal snack. The lower jaw is wide, and its line is straight, and the teeth should not be visible. The deviation from the norm is a skewed jaw and protruding tongue. It is interesting that at the beginning of pug breeding in England, a drooping tongue, on the contrary, was welcomed.
The neck is impressive and long enough for a proud head.
The chest is wide, the back is straight, not sloping.
The fore and hind legs are very strong, set in parallel, not too short.
A high-set tail is twisted into a tight curl, snug against the back. The advantage is a double curl.
The coat is smooth and short. The touch is soft, looking shiny.
Color of wool has the following varieties: fawn, silvery, apricot and black. Characteristic feature: the presence of a black mask on the face. A clear contrast between the main color and the mask (except black) is required. Ears are dark in color, on the forehead a dark spot in the form of a diamond or fingerprint is desirable, a dark line along the ridge. These marks should be as dark as possible, preferably black.
The growth of male pug is 30-35 cm, weight 6-10 kg; The growth of a bitch is 25-30 cm, weight - 6-8 kg.
In 1860, during the siege of Beijing from the Imperial Palace, two pugs Lamb and Moss were abducted, which were sent to England. From this pair lead the best lines of the breed.
Character and behavior of the pug
On the nature of Pugs you can hear different opinions. Some owners consider them passive creatures, sparingly expressing their emotions, others call them moving and playful. Most likely, in such a discrepancy of opinions, the appearance of pugs is to blame. Looking at them, you might think that these are passive creatures, who love to lie down and eat various delicacies. Therefore, the active pug seems to masters an anomaly.
In fact, most of the breed's representatives are sufficiently energetic and playful, especially at a young age, up to 2-3 years. Then the dogs become more calm and rational. But do not think that if you get a pug, it's guaranteed to avoid problems such as running around fast at home and ruining everything on your way. There are also born intellectuals among the pugs who will not disturb the peace of your home and will be in a decent state for almost the entire day in the place assigned to them, but this group of dogs is not so numerous. Most pugs are moderately mobile and active, they like to play typical dog games, and most importantly, they adore taking part in all the affairs of the owner.
Pugs are not aggressive or timid, moreover, these shortcomings are a serious obstacle to the exhibition career. They are friendly dogs, getting along well with other animals. Pugs become friends with cats, and can even share with them one sofa for two, if they grew up together from childhood.
To children, pugs are, if not trembling, then calm. You can not demand excessive playfulness from a pug if you think that the pug will actively participate in all children's entertainments, for example, to ride a bicycle or play tirelessly catching up, you will be disappointed. Pug has physical strength and temperament, but he will not be such an eternal engine, like some other breeds. But it is interesting for children to watch pugs that can play real performances, entertaining others with their movements, original expression of the face and unusual sounds resembling groaning and snoring.
But pugs are not just decorative dogs . They consider it their duty to warn the owner of the danger. Therefore, pugs often react to the appearance of suspicious noise outside the door and act as a bell. Even if the pug calmly sleeps on your hands, in a second it can already bark under the door, warning of the approach of unexpected visitors.
Some may think that pugs, like Chinese philosophers, are devoid of emotionality. But this is not so, they can express a stormy joy at the meeting with the owner, and in general they like to be petted and worked with them. Even the combing of their silk, they perceive calmly, evaluating it as a token of attention.
Pugs differ in mind and ingenuity, which no one will doubt by looking into their huge eyes. But they are characterized by a manifestation of stubbornness, when they, for reasons unknown to the owner, refuse to execute commands and may even take offense at trying to force themselves to do something. Self-esteem especially develops with age. Adult pugs are very difficult to force to learn something new, and they are reluctant to work out old skills.
But pugs are very loyal and love the company of man. They worry if they have to spend a lot of time in an empty apartment, feel abandoned and offended. But when the owner is near, they are ready to follow him as small devotees and obedient tails. So if you need a companion dog that loves the calm rhythm of life, then the pug is your breed.
Celebrities, who lived pugs: Chaliapin, Voltaire, Queen Maria Antoinette and Victoria, Marquise Pompadour, fashion designer Valentino, Daria Dontsova.
Care and maintenance
In addition to the standard rules of care for all dogs, there are also features dictated by a particular breed. This is particularly true of the pugs. Some have heard about the problems with the health of dogs with a short snout, but this is not an excuse to give up the idea of buying a pug puppy . If you provide them with the proper care, then your pug will grow beautiful and healthy.
When organizing the feeding of a pug, it is important not to overfeed the dog and not give her sweets. Pugs are susceptible to obesity, in addition, nature has given them the talent of begging all sorts of goodies at the owner's table. Therefore, one should not succumb to the temptation to constantly feed his fat pug.
Another important point is the clipping of claws , especially for pugs up to 6 months. Too long claws lead to improper limb formation, and they do not stitch, because the dog spends most of the time in the apartment, and not in the natural environment. Care for a short fur coat Pugs is quite simple: it must be combed out with a special hard brush. Instead of regular washing, which is undesirable for dogs, some owners choose wiping with warm water with a washcloth-glove with the addition of special means for short dog hair.
Pugs should be inspected regularly so as not to miss the development of the disease. A particularly problematic subject are eye diseases, in particular inflammation of the cornea. Many representatives of the breed are allergic, respiratory diseases are also found. An important point is to care for the folds , because they accumulate bacteria. Wraps should be regularly wiped with a cotton pad dipped in a special lotion. For this purpose, you can use any children's solution without alcohol.
It is necessary to compile a treatment calendar for parasites. It's easier to navigate when you last gave the dog antihelminthic drugs, and when doing the treatment for ticks. These two procedures should be performed at least with a 2-week gap.
Pugs need to be accustomed to cleanliness, gradually instilling in them the habit of going to the toilet on the street. Some owners choose the way of walking on the diaper, but it must be remembered that afterwards the puppy will be hard to learn how to do business on the street.
Pugs like to walk, so do not sit with them constantly at home. At the same time, dogs should not be overloaded with long running and physical exercises. These are not sprinters, nor service dogs, able to walk for hours on end without exhaustion. Even long walks can wear them out. It is especially difficult for pugs to sweat in the heat, and in cold weather you can put on a pug beautiful overalls, in which he just charms.
How to choose and where to buy a pug puppy
If you are seriously interested in the breed, the first question that will excite you is where to buy a pug puppy, and how much this joy will cost. This breed is common, therefore, as a rule, you can find a puppy at any time in your city. But you can go for a pug through the whole country or even abroad in search of a puppy of rare blood.
The obvious answer to the question is the purchase of a pug in a monopedigree nursery. In such places everything is simply imbued with the atmosphere of the uniqueness of the breed, and if you visit the nursery and talk with the enthusiastic owner, then become infected with love for pugs. Some people self-confidently believe that they themselves can choose a puppy without professional help. Of course, even small pugs have a specific appearance, and it is easy to distinguish them from other breeds or mongrel dogs. But an inexperienced person will never see small defects or deviations from the standard, which then can be an insurmountable obstacle on the way to exhibitions and breeding.
You can buy a pug in a nursery, but just a good breeder. If the puppy has documents confirming his thoroughbred origin, then such a dog has all chances to become a champion. But usually the future owners do not set themselves the specific goals of the exhibition career, they just want a charming friend.
When choosing a puppy, you can watch videos with playing and running puppies. Many breeders shoot this video and spread on the sites of nurseries. So you in a quiet environment look at the behavior of the puppies and choose the most suitable for the type of behavior and temperament the dog. Of course, personal communication plays an important role. There are often cases when buyers come for one puppy, but leave with another, which they liked more.
If you decide to buy a pug puppy on an ad in a newspaper or on free sites, try to find out more information about the seller of puppies. Help you in this various forums and virtual clubs, where fans of this breed.
The average cost of a pug puppy is 14,000 rubles . For puppies from nurseries, the lower price limit is 15,000 rubles . Puppies with documents, but not from famous exhibition parents, cost 10 000 - 12 000 rubles .