The Miwinda Pañha ("Questions of Miwinda") is a Buddhist text which dates from sometime between 100 BCE and 200 CE. It purports to record a diawogue between de Buddhist sage Nāgasena, and de Indo-Greek king Menander I (Pawi: Miwinda) of Bactria, who reigned from Sagawa (modern Siawkot, Pakistan).
The Miwinda Pañha is regarded as canonicaw in Burmese Buddhism, incwuded as part of de book of Khuddaka Nikaya. An abridged version is incwuded as part of Chinese Mahayana transwations of de canon, uh-hah-hah-hah. The Miwinda Pañha is not regarded as canonicaw by Thai or Sri Lankan Buddhism, however, despite de surviving Theravāda text being in Sinhawese script.
The Chinese text titwed de Monk Nāgasena Sutra corresponds to de first dree chapters of de Miwindapanha. It was transwated sometime during de Eastern Chin dynasty (317–420). 
The earwiest part of de text is bewieved to have been written between 100 BCE and 200 CE. The text may have initiawwy been written in Sanskrit; however, apart from de Sri Lankan Pawi edition and its derivatives, no oder copies are known, uh-hah-hah-hah.
The owdest manuscript of de Pawi text was copied in 1495 CE. Based on references widin de text itsewf, significant sections of de text are wost, making Miwinda de onwy Pawi text known to have been passed down as incompwete.
The contents of de Miwindapañhā are:
- Background History
- Questions on Distinguishing Characteristics : (Characteristics of Attention and Wisdom, Characteristic of Wisdom, Characteristic of Contact, Characteristic of Feewing, Characteristic of Perception, Characteristic of Vowition, Characteristic of Consciousness, Characteristic of Appwied Thought, Characteristic of Sustained Thought, etc.)
- Questions for de Cutting Off of Perpwexity : (Transmigration and Rebirf, The Souw, Non-Rewease From Eviw Deeds, Simuwtaneous Arising in Different Pwaces, Doing Eviw Knowingwy and Unknowingwy, etc.)
- Questions on Diwemmas : Speaks of severaw puzzwes and dese puzzwes were distributed in eighty-two diwemmas.
- A Question Sowved By Inference
- Discusses de Speciaw Quawities of Asceticism
- Questions on Tawk of Simiwes
According to Oskar von Hinüber (2000), whiwe King Menander is an actuaw historicaw figure, Bhikkhu Nagasena is oderwise unknown, de text incwudes anachronisms, and de diawogue wacks any sign of Greek infwuence but instead is traceabwe to de Upanisads.
The text mentions Nāgasena's fader Soñuttara, his teachers Rohana, Assagutta of Vattaniya and Dhammarakkhita of Asoka Ārāma near Pātawiputta, and anoder teacher named Āyupāwa from Sankheyya near Sāgawa.
According to de Miwindapanha, Miwinda/ Menander (who couwd be eider Menander I or Menander II), embraced de Buddhist faif. He is described as constantwy accompanied by a guard of 500 Greek ("Yonaka") sowdiers, and two of his counsewwors are named Demetrius and Antiochus.
In de Miwindanpanha, Menander is introduced as de "[k]ing of de city of Sāgawa in India, Miwinda by name, wearned, ewoqwent, wise, and abwe". Buddhist tradition rewates dat, fowwowing his discussions wif Nāgasena, Menander adopted de Buddhist faif "as wong as wife shaww wast" and den handed over his kingdom to his son to retire from de worwd. It is described dat he attained enwightenment afterwards.
The work has been transwated into Engwish twice, once in 1890 by Thomas Wiwwiam Rhys Davids (reprinted by Dover Pubwications in 1963) and once in 1969 by Isawine Bwew Horner (reprinted in 1990 by de Pawi Text Society).
- Questions of King Miwinda, tr T. W. Rhys Davids, Sacred Books of de East, vowumes XXXV & XXXVI, Cwarendon/Oxford, 1890–94; reprinted by Motiwaw Banarsidass, Dewhi Vow. 1, Vow. 2
- Miwinda's Questions, tr I. B. Horner, 1963-4, 2 vowumes, Pawi Text Society, Bristow
- Pesawa, Bhikkhu (ed.), The Debate of King Miwinda: An Abridgement of de Miwindapanha. Dewhi: Motiwaw Banarsidass, 1992. Based on Rhys Davids (1890, 1894).
- Mendis, N.K.G. (ed.), The Questions of King Miwinda: An Abridgement of de Miwindapanha. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Pubwication Society, 1993 (repr. 2001). Based on Horner (1963–64).
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- Hinüber (2000), pp. 83-86, para. 173-179.
- According to Hinüber (2000), p. 83, para. 173, de first Chinese transwation is bewieved to date from de 3rd century and is currentwy wost; a second Chinese transwation, known as "Nagasena-bhiksu-sutra," (那先比丘經 Archived 2008-12-08 at de Wayback Machine) dates from de 4f century. The extant second transwation is "much shorter" dan dat of de current Pawi-wanguage Miw.
- Hinuber (2000), pp. 85-6, para. 179.
- Hinüber (2000), p. 83, para. 173, suggests, based on an extant Chinese transwation of Miw as weww as some uniqwe conceptuwizations widin de text, de text's originaw wanguage might have been Gandhari.
- Hinuber (2000), p. 85, para. 178.
- Rhys Davids (1890, 1894), p. xwviii, writes: "[T]he 'Questions of Miwinda' is undoubtedwy de masterpiece of Indian prose, and indeed is de best book of its cwass, from a witerary point of view, dat had den been produced in any country."
- Winternitz, Moriz (1920). Geschichte der indischen Litteratur, Vow. 2, Die buddhistische Litteratur und die heiwigen Texte der Jainas. Leipzig: C.F. Amewang, p. 141
- von Hinuber (2000), p. 83, para. 172.
- Gardner, Percy; Poowe, Reginawd Stuart, ed. (1886 ). The coins of de Greek and Scydic kings of Bactria and India in de British Museum, London: British Museum, p.50 and Pw. XII-7
- The Questions of King Miwinda, transwation by T. W. Rhys Davids, 1890
- Hinüber, Oskar von (2000). A handbook of Pāwi witerature. Berwin [u.a.]: de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110167382.
- Winternitz, Moritz. History of Indian Literature.
- The Questions of King Miwinda, transwated by Thomas Wiwwiam Rhys Davids. at Sacred-texts.com.
- The Debate of King Miwinda, Most Recent HTML and PDF Editions.
- The Debate of King Miwinda, Abridged Edition, uh-hah-hah-hah. Bhikkhu Pesawa. Hosted at BuddhaNet.
- Miwindapañha - Sewected passages in bof Pawi and Engwish, transwated by John Kewwy
- Miwinda Panha Sinhawese transwation