No:21 to 32 are early forms of the crossed swords, which tended to be carefully drawn, with pommels and curved guards, and to enclose a larger angle than the layer versions, but such forms occasionally occur later.Dots believed to have been used 1763-74, also may be found in the 1730's and also the star occurs much earlier than 1774.The gilt initials as in No:34 are perhaps gilder's mark, the numerals No: 31 and 36 have been declared to refer to the numbers in a pattern-book of the gilt lace-work borders.
The first true Meissen factory marks in underglaze blue No:19 to 20 found in 1723-24. At first the crossed swords were used in conjunction with the "KPM", but after 1724 they were applied alone to the present day.
It occurs at first in overglaze enamel color, such as black, red, blue, etc.
A wide variety of forms and sizes of the sword marks seem to have been applied at the same time, so that the characteristics of the marks often are not reliable for the dating of a piece.
In 1739 these formers marks were replaced by impressed numbers, metal dies were ordered for the impression of these numerals. These are located near the foot ring but only rarely on the inner side of it.
Most of these Meissen marks date between 17 and are in the shape of one, two, or three short parallel lines, of crosses, of stars, and other designs.
No: 7 to 12 are examples of the so-called lustre-marks, in pale brownish red with a mother-of-pearl reflection, produced by lightly firing writing-ink.No: 13 to 16 are imitation Chinese marks found on the blue and white porcelain of about 1720-25, and later.Impressed (No: 1 to 6) small crossed swords, as well as impressed pseudo-Chinese marks, and other impressed designs appear quite early about 1710 to 1720 on red stoneware pieces.Some of these marks on Bottger stoneware can be ascribed to special formers or turners.Beginning about 1735 certain impressed marks came into use on porcelain.Otto Walcha was able to attribute many of these to specific formers.