This article is produced and financed by the Institute of Marine Research - read more
Scientists uncover the ''home'' of bluefin tuna in the North Atlantic
DNA testing reveals that the world’s biggest tuna cross the ocean frequently.
These results have been published in a new article that attempts to divide the Atlantic bluefin tuna in genetic stocks.
“In the summer, this ‘Formula 1’ of the fish world feeds all over the North Atlantic, travelling at speeds of up to 70 kilometres per hour. That makes it hard to keep track of, to say the least”, says marine scientist Leif Nøttestad.
The researchers already knew that the world’s biggest tuna has spawning grounds in both the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean.
But since the bluefin tuna is a bit of a globetrotter, that begs the question of where the fish caught in other parts of the Atlantic Ocean come from. For example those caught in Norway.
“Norwegian” fish are mainly from the Mediterranean
Bluefin tuna facts
Latin name: Thunnus thynnus (Linneaeus 1758)
Maximum size: >3 m og larger than 500 kg
Life expectancy: Maximum >30 years, rarely older than about 20 years
Food: Crustaceans, small fish and squid while young, then broodfish such as mackerel, herring, anchovies, sage and sprat
“Fresh DNA testing shows that 83 per cent of the tuna caught in Norway come from the Mediterranean, while just a few come from the Gulf of Mexico. Around 13 per cent come from unknown spawning grounds”, says Nøttestad.
“We know this because we have taken muscle samples from virtually all of the bluefin tuna landed here in recent years. 185 bluefin tuna caught between 2013 and 2017 were analysed."
Their DNA was then compared with that of fish that definitely spawn in the known spawning grounds. It has taken several years to assemble this DNA reference.
Bluefin tuna don’t respect borders
Knowing where the fish that we are catching actually come from, can help to inform fisheries advice and management for the bluefin tuna. It may also help politicians to agree on who “owns” the fish.
Currently a dividing line is drawn in the middle of the Atlantic at 45 degrees west. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that bluefin tuna caught west of this line come from a western population, and that those caught east of it come from the east.
“Our DNA testing shows that bluefin tuna don’t respect borders. They frequently cross the Atlantic. Notably, a significant proportion of the fish caught in the Gulf of Mexico come from the Mediterranean”, says Leif Nøttestad.
Some of the tuna caught come from areas that the scientists don’t yet know where are. They are the grey slices in the pie charts.
“Data from satellite tags indicate a possible spawning ground off Madeira. Some bluefin tuna stop there for a suspiciously long time during the spawning season.
We are learning more the whole time, but the world’s biggest tuna still has many secrets that we want to uncover” he concludes.
Rodríguez‐Ezpeleta, Naiara, et al. “Determining natal origin for improved management of Atlantic bluefin tuna.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2019). URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2090
This article is produced and financed by the Institute of Marine Research
The Institute of Marine Research is one of 77 owners of ScienceNorway.no. Its communication staff provide content to forskning.no. We label this content clearly to distinguish institutional outreach from independent editorial content. Read more about this arrangement.