How to Create the Three-Point Estimation of a Project
August 08, 2018
To come up with a realistic project estimation is one of the major headaches almost every project manager faces. Although there are many tips on how to get an accurate project estimation, this process is still a guesswork.
Most projects fail because of poor estimation
Most projects fail because of poor estimation. There are several reasons for this.
1. False Comparison
Estimations based on actual data from people who have successfully run similar projects in the past are more reliable than estimations from self-proclaimed experts who haven’t actually performed similar projects themselves.
2. Inaccurate Precision
This becomes a problem when a project estimation is represented by one figure. Estimation can’t be accurate in the planning stage, so the figures should be given in ranges—from the lowest to the highest.
3. Shoehorned Estimations
In fact, every estimation should be done by people who actually do the work. If someone else outside a project team creates a predetermined timeline, that is bad for a project success.
4. Subjective Estimation
Have you ever looked at an estimation and wondered where it came from? That is the type of estimation we are talking about here. It is absolutely unjustified and looks as if it came out of nowhere.
5. Poor Coordination
If an estimation doesn’t take into account the team members’ involvement in the project, well-developed communication, and coordination, crucial errors occur that may cause a project failure.
The three-point estimation technique
Identifying the reasons why a project can go wrong helps to find ways to prevent a failure. The three-point estimation technique, or PERT—Program (Project) Evaluation and Review Technique, is considered a worthy estimation tool that helps a product manager to take some proactive decisions.
- It gives insight into risks associated with each subtask in the project.
- That’s not 100% accurate, but it is close to it when compared with other estimation methods.
- The influence of team members is increased since this method takes into account their opinion.
How It Works
The three-point estimation technique is called so basically because your team members need to write down realistic, pessimistic, and optimistic amount of time and work needed to deliver their part of the project. A product manager needs this data to create the final project estimation.
The process is fairly simple. Now let’s consider some steps.
Work individually with each member of a project team to identify all the negative (bad) and positive risks associated with their tasks.
Ask them to do three estimates:
Pessimistic (P). It is the average time needed to complete the task in the worst scenario considering all the problems that might occur.
Optimistic (O). It is the average time needed to complete the task in the best scenario and as soon as possible.
Realistic (R). It is also called the most likely estimate. It is the average time needed to finish the task considering the expertise. It’s a cross between the best and the worst scenarios.
Here you need to do some simple mathematical calculations:
Mean Time = (O + 4R + P) ÷ 6
Standard Deviation = (Р – О)/6
Mean Optimistic Time = Mean Time – Standard Deviation
Mean Pessimistic Time = Mean Time + Standard Deviation
Keep in mind that Mean Pessimistic Time is an indicator you need to pay attention to when creating a final estimation.
The bad news is that it is not 100% accurate, but the good news is that it is close enough to 100%. If the three-point estimation is done correctly, the project is halfway to success. And what are your favorite estimation techniques? Write them in the comments.
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