in traditional English grammar, a part of speech is a category of words that have similar grammatical properties.
Parts of speech tell us how a word is used in a sentence.
Sometimes parts of speech are called word classes. 00:00:30
There are eight main parts of speech in English, nouns pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections.
Each part of speech has a specific use or function in general.
A noun is a naming word, which is the name of something a pronoun replaces a noun.
An adjective describes something a verb is an action or a state of being an adverb normally describes a verb or sometimes gives more information about an adjective a preposition shows a relationship or connection between things.
A conjunction is a joining word that connects two parts of a sentence.
An interjection expresses a strong feeling or emotion.
Now this is just a very general overview of each part of speech in each class can have more than one use which we'll see in a moment. 00:01:58
Most parts of speech can be divided into sub classes, for example, nouns can be divided into proper nouns and common nouns, countable, nouns or uncountable nouns, etc.
Prepositions can be divided into prepositions of time, prepositions of place, etc.
Now, let's look at the eight main parts of speech in English, a noun is a naming word.
A noun is used to name a thing, a person, an animal, a place or an idea.
For example, we can name things.
This is a table.
What is the name of this thing it is a table table is the name of this thing.
So table is a noun.
We can name a thing table, car strawberry Mountain.
These are all names of things.
We can name a person Daniel Diego Angelica Robert.
We can name an animal dog cat duck elephant.
We can name a place: London, Egypt, California, Paris.
We can name an idea, happiness hope, love freedom.
Let's look at some example.
Sentences Steve lives in Sydney in this sentence. 00:03:46
There are two nouns can you see them? Steve is the name of a person.
Sidney is the name of a place.
Steve and Sidney are nouns.
The next example Mary uses a blue pen to write letters. 00:04:15
Meiri is the name of a person.
Pin is the name of the object or thing letters is the name of the other object or thing that she is writing meri.
Pen and litters are nouns.
A pronoun is used in place of a noun or noun phrase.
To avoid repetition examples are I knew it.
We asked them those let's look at this example.
Mary is tired.
She wants to sleep the subject pronoun, she replaces Mary.
If we say Mary is tired.
Mary wants to sleep, saying the noun Mary twice, that sounds repetitive, so the second Mary becomes a pronoun.
More specifically, a subject: pronoun Mary is tired.
She wants to sleep, there are other types of pronouns which we will see in more detail in another video, but I will quickly mention them here.
Let's look at the sentence, I want her to dance with me.
I is a subject: pronoun here is an object.
Pronoun we use her instead of saying the name of the woman.
It's say it is Mary.
I want Mary to dance with me since we are already talking about Mary.
We don't repeat her name.
I want her to dance with me.
The final me is also an object.
Another type of pronoun is a possessive pronoun, such as mine, yours, hers, etc.
This bike is my bike.
This sounds repetitive.
Doesn't it bike is a noun? We can replace the final.
My bike with mine, this bike is mine.
Mine is a possessive pronoun, as I mentioned before, we will see more about pronouns in another video, but basically pronouns, replace nouns or noun phrases to avoid repetition. 00:06:50
An adjective describes modifies or gives more information about a noun or pronoun. 00:07:01
Examples are cold.
These words describe something they are adjectives.
Look at our example sentence.
The little girl has a pink hat in this sentence.
There are two adjectives: can you see them? How do we describe the girl? Little little is an adjective because it gives more information about the girl. 00:07:38
How do we describe the head? It is pink, pink is an adjective when there is a noun. 00:07:50
The adjective goes before the noun.
In English we don't say the girl little no, we say the little girl, we don't say the head pink.
No, we say the pink hat, another example.
My sister is intelligent and fun intelligent and fun.
Our adjectives, because they describe my sister, a verb, shows an action or state of being a verb can show what someone or something is doing.
Examples of verbs include, go speaking ate lived.
Bean is, for example, I watch would would English videos.
I study their charts and play their games.
There are three verbs in these examples.
Can you see them yes? Watch study and play are all verbs they show.
An action watch is an action study.
Is an action and play is an action.
Verbs can also show a state of being or existence.
I am happy, am, is not an action but is used to introduce a state.
In this case.
The feeling of happiness - I am happy, I feel sick feel - is another example of a verb.
Herbs have different tenses which tell us when an action happens or happened. 00:09:52
For example, there is the past tense.
I lived in Russia last year, the present tense.
I live in Chile right now, the future tense.
I will live in Italy next year.
There are many verb tenses.
These are just three of the most common ones.
There are also different types of verbs, such as main verbs, auxiliary, verbs and modal verbs, but we will see more about these in another video, an adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. 00:10:39
An adverb can give us more information about a verb and it tells us how how often where, when or to what extent many adverbs end in ly, for example, I am speaking slowly.
Can you see the adverb here first, what is the verb speaking? How are we describing the way I speak slowly? Slowly is an ED verb of manner, as it gives us more information about the way I speak yesterday I ate my lunch quickly. 00:11:30
Here are two adverbs.
Yesterday is an adverb of time saying when something happened and quickly is an adverb of manner saying how the action happened. 00:11:49
The most common types of adverbs are adverbs of manner.
They answer the question: how, for example, slowly loudly easily adverbs of frequency? These answer the question: how often for example, always usually never adverbs a place answer the question where, for example, here there outside above adverbs of time, these answer the question when, for example, yesterday now soon adverbs of degree, these answer the question to what extent, for example, Hurry really so quite a preposition shows the relationship of a noun noun phrase or a pronoun to another word.
Some examples of prepositions include add-on in from with about look at this example that has two prepositions.
Can you see them? I lift my keys on the table for you. 00:13:19
The first preposition is on a preposition of place.
It tells us where something is the second preposition is for which shows the relationship.
The next example my birthday is in January. 00:13:38
The preposition in is a preposition of time that introduces the time period and lets us know that my birthday is in that period of time, see our video about the prepositions of time at on and in the most common prepositions include time place or a relationship.
A conjunction joins words, ideas, phrases or clauses together in a sentence and shows how they are connected. 00:14:17
Examples are and/or, but because until if I was hot and tired, but I still finished it in this sentence and joins the adjectives hot and tired together to express that.
I felt these together, but is also a conjunction to join the first Clause.
I was hot and tired with the second.
I still finished it, but is used to contrast that, even though I was hot and tired, I was still able to finish it another example.
I listened to music while I was running while is also a conjunction that joins two clauses.
It shows there is a relation or connection between the two. 00:15:14
An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses a strong feeling or emotion.
It is a short exclamation that is used more in spoken English than written English. 00:15:28
Examples of interjections are ouch, hey Wow.
Ah, you can see that interjections often end in an exclamation mark some examples.
Ouch, I just hit my thumb.
The interjection ouch is used to express that something painful just happened.
Wow I pass my English exam.
Wow is used to express, surprise or amazement, sometimes with interjections.
The exclamation mark is at the end of the sentence and not immediately after the interjection, as in the case of the last sentence, it is important to know that sometimes a word can be in more than one part of speech or word class, depending on its function.
For example, with the word increase or increase increase can be a verb, for example, prices increased last year and increase can also be a noun.
For example, it was an increase in the number of followers.
Did you see? The difference in pronunciation increase is the verb increase.
Is the noun bonus section? Thank you for watching up until now, so in traditional English grammar, there are eight parts of speech, nouns pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections, but sometimes teachers include a ninth part of speech or a 9th word class.
This class is called articles.
The articles in English are, I am, and that articles help to define nouns, ah and also an are used to talk about a noun in general.
The is used to talk about a specific noun look at this example.
I need a dictionary.
Ah, is an indefinite article, we're talking about a dictionary in general, the dictionary needs to be in English da is a definite article and is used to be more specific in traditional grammar articles appear under the category of adjectives. 00:18:14
Sometimes articles are included in a larger.
Ninth word class called determiners.
A determinant is a word or phrase that appears before a noun or at the beginning of a noun phrase.
A determiner can tell us whether something is specific or general and helps us to identify things. 00:18:41
Determiners include articles ah and possessives.
My your his her it's our their demonstrative x' this that these those numbers we have cardinal numbers, one, two, three and ordinal numbers.
First, second, third, quantifiers some many other, several few interrogators.
What which rules we will see more about determinants in another lesson.
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