GEORGIA TECH (US) — Squeezing cells to gauge their firmness could be a way for doctors to detect and treat cancer cells before they get a chance to spread.
The findings, which are published in the journal PLoS One, found that highly metastatic ovarian cancer cells are several times softer than less metastatic ovarian cancer cells.
Assistant Professor Todd Sulchek and Ph.D. student Wenwei Xu used a process called atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the mechanical properties of various ovarian cell lines. A soft mechanical probe “tapped” healthy, malignant, and metastatic ovarian cells to measure their stiffness.
A triangular cantilever is positioned just over a metastatic ovarian cancer cell while preparing to indent and measure the stiffness. View larger. (Credit: Georgia Tech)
“In order to spread, metastatic cells must push themselves into the bloodstream. As a result, they must be highly deformable and softer,” says Sulchek, a faculty member in the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Tech.
“Our results indicate that cell stiffness may be a useful biomarker to evaluate the relative metastatic potential of ovarian and perhaps other types of cancer cells.”
Just as previous studies on other types of epithelial cancers have indicated, Sulchek also found that cancerous ovarian cells are generally softer and display lower intrinsic variability in cell stiffness than non-malignant cells.
Sulchek’s lab partnered with the molecular cancer lab of biology Professor John McDonald, who is also director of Georgia Tech’s newly established Integrated Cancer Research Center.
“This is a good example of the kinds of discoveries that only come about by integrating skills and knowledge from traditionally diverse fields such as molecular biology and bioengineering,” says McDonald.
“Although there are a number of developing methodologies to identify circulating cancer cells in the blood and other body fluids, this technology offers the added potential to rapidly determine if these cells are highly metastatic or relatively benign.”
Sulchek and McDonald believe that, when further developed, this technology could offer a huge advantage to clinicians in the design of optimal chemotherapies, not only for ovarian cancer patients but also for patients of other types of cancer.
This project was supported in part by the National Science Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigators and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NSF.
Source: Georgia Tech