Liverpool Seamen's Revolt of 1775
Seamen were a big proportion of the working
force in Liverpool in the 18th Century, and had a great deal of support
among the population.
In August 1775, owing to the American War of Independence, there were
3,000 Liverpool seamen unemployed. Merchants decided to reduce the standard
pay for rigging out a ship for a voyage, which was 30 shillings a month.
Seamen who had been engaged to rig the Derby found, when they went to
receive their pay, that they were to be paid at only 20 shillings a month,
and were told that there were plenty of sailors to be had in the port.
They returned to the ship, cut down the rigging and left it lying on deck.
The rest of the rigged ships in the harbour were treated in the same way.
When nine of the men were arrested and committed to prison by the magistrates,
two or three thousand seamen surrounded the prison and secured the release
of eight of the men. They marched away, discovered their error, and marched
back to the prison. Here they succeeded in releasing not only the other
seaman, but also a woman who had been accused of aiding and abetting the
The crowd marched to the Town Hall (which was also the Exchange) with
a red flag. They continued their peaceful meetings and marching and a
delegation met the Mayor on the fifth day. There was a report that the
merchants agreed to pay the rates that were asked.
However that afternoon the merchants hired a body of armed men at ten
shillings a day, and posted some in the Town Hall to arrest the strike-leaders.
In the evening, they fired on the unarmed strikers who were surrounding
the building. The dead were variously reported at two or seven, the wounded
at ten or several.
The seamen, incensed, went aboard ships collecting cannon, and then put
them into position to bombard the Town Hall. They bedecked their hats
with red ribbons, raised the red flag, and at 1pm the next day, they began
bombarding the Town Hall. Four people were killed.
The merchants sent a message to the military in Manchester and two days
later 100 cavalry with six officers set off for Liverpool.
The seamen were attending the funeral of the victims of the shooting.
The troops hunted down and arrested forty to sixty sailors and marched
them off to Lancaster for indictment and trial.
Only twelve of the sailors were indicted at Lancaster. Eight were found
guilty, but then, all were discharged on agreeing to enlist in the Navy.
Of course, that itself was no mild punishment, but they, and many more,
would have been executed or condemned to transportation, had they not
had strong sympathy in the town at the conditions that brought the revolt.
Taken from Forgotten Hero, The Life and Times of Edward Rushton, by Bill
Hunter. To read more visit:
Also: The Origins of Working Class Politics, Liverpool, by Harold Hikins.
Published by the Liverpool Trades Council to mark 125 years (1973).