|James R. Mead (1836-1910) is best known for his role
in founding the city of Wichita; however, he was also an early settler
in the Kansas Territory. He established several important trading
posts and actively traded with Native Americans as well as pioneers
like William "Dutch Bill" Greiffenstein, Jesse Chisholm
and William "Buffalo Bill" Mathewson during a period of
roughly ten years (1859-1870). Among his business papers and correspondence
with his parents are insights into life on the prairie.
James R. Mead,
|Mead recorded his impressions of Kansas Territory in
a travel journal. Soon after entering the Territory he wrote: "My
feelings on first setting foot on the soil of Kansas were various.
We had a feeling of no security, that we had left the land of law
and order and got among outlaws and desperadoes. This feeling however
wore away soon. I felt that I had entered a land where an important
scene in my life history was to be enacted and perhaps my lot cast
|Mead first settled in the Smoky Hill region in the
summer of 1859 at the age of twenty-three, where he with two other
men established a trading post along the Saline River. In a letter
to his parents he described this region "as handsome a country
as I ever saw." He wrote to his parents of the abundance and
variety of wildlife that inhabited the region. Mead reported that
at his first attempt at hunting buffalo, he shot thirty of the animals
in one day, and he could have easily got more. Other animals he hunted
included wolves, which were plentiful and antelope.
During the summer of 1863 Mead left the Saline Ranch
and established a second trading post at Towanda in Butler County,
Kansas. For the next several years Mead successfully operated his
trading post. He continued trading with the Native Americans and
supplying other traders. In a letter to his parents dated July 3,
1864, Mead wrote that "business had been very good of late"
and that in the last three months he had "cleared one thousand
dollars" which was money honestly earned "by fair trading,
no contraband business about it."
Post, c. 1865
|By the fall of 1868 the tense relationships between
Native Americans and whites had escalated and Mead was anxious for
his family and business. It was during this time -- perhaps as a
result of a Pawnee raid on a nearby settlement -- that he sent his
wife Agnes with the children to visit his parents in Davenport. Later, he decided to leave Timothy C. Peet, his assistant,
in charge of the post and to move to a place later known as Wichita.
Land Office, as depicted in Harper's Weekly, 1874
|Mead filed a claim for land -- now bounded by Broadway to Washington and from Douglas to Central -- near the future
town site in 1870, a year after D. S. Munger. Soon others
joined Mead and Munger in establishing a town. Those men included
N. A. English, William "Dutch Bill" Greiffenstein, and William
Mathewson. These men also decided on a name for the new settlement
near the junction of the Big and Little Arkansas Rivers. Some of the
suggested names included Beecher, for Fort Beecher which was located
nearby, and Hamilton. Mead and Greiffenstein suggested the Indian
word "Wichita," which was the name of the tribe affiliated
with the larger Caddo Tribe that lived in the area from 1863-1868.
For that reason the area had for some time been known as Wichita Town,
thus the name "Wichita" was decided upon.
|During his years as a trader on the Plains, Mead
came into contact with many Native Americans. He frequently
conducted business with the local tribes. Besides the Wichita
Indians, Mead became acquainted with the well-known chief of
the Kiowa Indians, Satanta, or Sitting Bear, and other members
of his tribe. Additionally, Jesse Chisholm was a business associate
and close friend of Mead's. Mead records that Chisholm was the
first to forge a trail through the region and it was for that
reason the Chisholm Trail was named for him.
In May 1870 Mead wrote to his parents explaining his future plans.
"My main interests, however, are at Wichita. I have there 160
acres adjoining the town site which is becoming very valuable, also
an interest in the town which promises well in the future."
Portion of Bird's
Eye View of Wichita, 1873
James R. Mead,
Throughout his life James R. Mead was involved in many
business ventures, which included real estate, cattle, mining, banking
and other mercantile efforts. In 1864 he was elected to represent Butler County in the Kansas House of Representatives, and in 1868 was sent to the State Senate by the district comprising the four counties of Morris, Chase, Marion and Butler along with all the territory west to the state line which has since been organized into counties. As a founder and promoter of Wichita,
he was instrumental in bringing in the railroad and developing the
In his later years Mead became involved in the Academy of Sciences
and Kansas State Historical Society, where he served in leadership
positions for both organizations.
He also wrote of
his life and of early days in Kansas. His articles were published in the Collections of the Kansas State Historical Society, Scientific American, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences and various newspapers.
His papers are collected, preserved and available for research in the Ignace Mead Jones Collection of James R. Mead Papers at Special Collections and University Archives, Wichita State University Libraries.
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