The formation of phenolic cyclobutane dicarboxylic acids (truxillic and truxinic acids) in plant cell wall materials was investigated using model compounds. Two possible mechanisms were considered—cyclodimerization initiated by light or by a free radical process. Diesters formed by reaction of cinnamic acid with a series of diols had a range of distances separating the double bonds and, upon irradiation with ultraviolet light, gave dimerization products. Dimerization did not occur when peroxidase was added to the diesters to mimic phenolic coupling reactions leading to the formation of lignin in vivo. A minimum separation of two cinnamyl moieties and an optimal relative orientation was observed which can be used to predict substitution patterns for unsaturated phenolic residues on the sugar backbone in plant cell walls.
- truxillic acid
- truxinic acid