DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI (/ˈdɑːdrɑː ən ˌnʌɡər həˈvɛli/ ;
DNH in initials) is a union territory in Western
India . It is
composed of two separate geographical entities:
Nagar Haveli , wedged
Gujarat , and, 1 km to the northwest, the
smaller enclave of
Dadra , which is surrounded by Gujarat.
the capital of Dadar and Nagar Haveli.
Nagar Haveli map
in pink colour depicting the Gujarati enclave village of
* 1 Geography
* 1.1 Topography
* 1.2 Flora and fauna
* 1.3 Climate
* 2 History
* 2.1 Pre-Portuguese era
* 2.2 Portuguese era
* 2.3 End of Portuguese rule
* 2.4 Integration into
* 3 Administration
* 4 Education
* 5 Economy
* 5.1 Agriculture
* 5.2 Industry
* 5.3 Banks
* 6 Media and communications
* 6.1 Print media
* 6.2 Monthly magazines
* 6.3 Telecommunications
* 7 Demographics
* 8 Ethnography, religion and language
* 8.1 Varnas
* 8.5 Kathodia
* 9 See also
* 10 References
* 11 External links
The area of
Nagar Haveli is spread over 491 square
kilometres (190 sq mi). Though landlocked between
Gujarat to the north
Maharashtra to the south, it is close to the Western coast of
India (between 20° 0’ and 20° 25’ N latitude and between 72°
50’ and 73° 15’ E longitude), and the
Arabian Sea can be reached
The Union Territory comprises two separate geographical units. The
larger part -
Nagar Haveli - spans a roughly c-shaped area upriver
from the city of Daman on the coast, at the centre of which,
straddling the border with Gujarat, is the Madhuban reservoir. The
smaller enclave of
Dadra is a short distance to the northwest.
Nagar Haveli is in the middle of the undulating watershed
Daman Ganga River , which flows through
Nagar Haveli and later
forms the short southern border of Dadra. The towns of
Silvassa lie on the north bank of the river. The
Western Ghats range
rises to the east, and the foothills of the range occupy the eastern
portion of the district.
Nagar Haveli ranks 4th in area among the Union Territories
and 32nd including the states. It is surrounded by Valsad District of
Gujarat on the West, North, and East, and by Thane District of
Maharashtra on the South and South-East (after the division of Thane
District, it is now surrounded by newly formed Palghar District.).
Maghval is a small enclave village belonging to
Gujarat that is
Nagar Haveli , just south of
The nearest railway station is
Gujarat on the Mumbai-Delhi
route, about 18 km northwest of Silvassa.
Bombay is approximately 180
km from Silvassa.
Surat city is about 140 km away.
the nearest airport from Silvassa.
The stretch of the main southern area is hilly terrain especially
towards the northeast and east where it is surrounded by ranges of
Sahyadri mountains (Western Ghats). The central alluvial region of the
land is almost plain and the soil is fertile and rich. The river
Damanganga rises in the Ghat 64 km from the western coast and
discharges itself in the
Arabian Sea at the port of Daman after
Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Its three tributaries viz. Varna,
Pipri and Sakartond join Daman Ganga within the territory.
FLORA AND FAUNA
Nagar Haveli lies within the North
Western Ghats moist
deciduous forests ecoregion, characterized by forests of teak (Tectona
grandis) and other dry-season deciduous trees.
About 43% of the land is under forest cover. However, the reserved
forest territory constitutes about 40% of the total geographical area.
The protected forests constitute 2.45% of the total land area.
According to satellite data taken in 2008, DNH has roughly about 114
square kilometres (28,000 acres) of moderately dense forest and 94
square kilometres (23,000 acres) open forest. As per Forest Survey of
India, DNH has two major forest types: tropical moist deciduous forest
and tropical dry deciduous forest. The major produce is
khairwood/khair and general timber.
Teak , sandra, khair, mahara and
sisam are the major tree species in the region.
Tree cover has been estimated around 27 km2 from the six-year data
(2002–08), which is around 5.5% of the total geographical area of
Nagar Haveli Wildlife Sanctuary covers 91.39 square
kilometers, or about 19% of the union territory's total area. The
sanctuary provides habitat for leopard (Panthera pardus), wildcat
(Felis silvestris), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), fox (Vulpes spp.),
golden jackal (Canis aureus), nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus),
four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis), sambar deer (Rusa
unicolor), and chital deer (Axis axis), and birds including Black
Drongo, Bulbul, Kingfisher, Egret, Hoopoe, Mynah, Heron, and Red
Jungle Fowl. In 2014 an additional eco-sensitive area was designated
in the 100-meter buffer zone around the wildlife sanctuary, with an
area of 26.57 square kilometers.
The rich biodiversity makes it a habitat for a variety of birds and
animals with numerous trips from inland safari or the coast by tour
guides providing eco-tourism . Silvassa's hills and wide, forested
buffer land provides a main focal point for wildlife enthusiasts.
The climate of
Nagar Haveli is typical of its type. Being
near the coast, all but the sparsely inhabited easternmost parts have
a typical north
Indian Ocean maritime climate. The summers are hot and
become in their later part more humid with temperatures reaching as
high as 39 °C in the month of May. The monsoon starts in the month of
June and extends until September. The rainfall is brought by South
West monsoon winds. It is known as the
Cherrapunji that covers the
bulk of western
India (apart from the
Thar Desert ) which produces
most of the annual rainfall of 200–250 cm. Winters are between
maritime temperate and semi-tropical with temperatures ranging from 14
°C to 30 °C, reliably, as with the monsoon, with scant deviation
from this range.
King Tofizon of Dadra, 1780 (coloured engraving)
The history of
Nagar Haveli begins with the defeat of the
Koli chieftains of the region by the invading
Rajput kings. In the
year 1262 a
Rajput prince from
Rajasthan named Ramsinh established
himself as the ruler of Ramnagar, the present-day Dharampur , which
consisted of 8 parganas (group of villages) and assumed the title
Nagar Haveli was one of the parganas, and its capital was
In 1360 Rana Dharamshah I shifted his capital from
Nagar Haveli to
With the rise of
Maratha power, Shivaji viewed Ramnagar as an
important locality. He captured the region, but Somshah Rana
recaptured it in 1690.
After the Treaty of Vasai (6 May 1739), Vasai and the surrounding
territories came under the
Soon after, the Marathas captured Ramnagar but reinstated the ruler,
Ramdeo, under conditions. Thus the Marathas acquired the rights to
collect revenue, known as chauthai. from
Nagar Haveli and two other
During the time of Dharamdeo, the son of Ramdeo, due to his change of
policies (he neglected the conditions imposed earlier by the
Marathas), the Marathas captured
Nagar Haveli and the surrounding
Main article: Portuguese
The Portuguese occupied
Nagar Haveli on 10 June 1783 on the basis of
Friendship Treaty executed on 17 December 1779 as compensation towards
damage to the Portuguese frigate Santana by
Maratha Navy in 1772. The
treaty allowed the Portuguese to collect revenue from 72 villages in
Nagar Haveli. Then, in 1785 the Portuguese purchased Dadra.
In 1818, the
Maratha Empire was defeated by the British in the Third
Maratha War , and the Portuguese ultimately became the effective
Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
Under the Portuguese rule,
Nagar Haveli were part of the
Distrito de Damão (Daman district ) of the Estado da Índia
(Portuguese State of India). The two territories formed a single
concelho (municipality), named "Nagar Haveli", with its head in
Darará until 1885 and, after that, with its head in the town of
Silvassa . The local affairs were overseen by an elected câmara
municipal (municipal council), with the higher level affairs
administrated by the district governor of Daman, who was represented
Nagar Haveli by an administrator.
Nagar Haveli concelho was itself divided in the following
freguesia s (civil parishes ): Silvassa, Noroli, Dadra, Quelalunim,
Randá, Darará, Cadoli, Canoel, Carchonde and Sindonim.
The Portuguese rule lasted until 1954, when
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
were captured by supporters of the Indian Union.
END OF PORTUGUESE RULE
Main article: Indian annexation of
India attained Independence in 1947, the residents of
Nagar Haveli, with the help of volunteers of organisations like the
United Front of Goans (UFG), the National Movement Liberation
Organisation (NMLO), and the Azad Gomantak Dal, conquered the
Nagar Haveli from Portuguese
India in 1954.
As time passed the Indian Independence Struggle picked up momentum.
On 18 June 1946, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia was arrested in Goa. This was
the beginning of the freedom struggle in Goa. He was deported to
India. On 15 August 1947,
India became independent from the British
rule, but the Portuguese and other European colonies continued to be
The Goan struggle continued for many years. Atmaram Narsinh
Karmalkar, an officer in the Banco Colonial (Portuguese Bank) at
Pananji (in Goa) (then known as Panjim), who was popularly known as
Appasaheb Karmalkar was indirectly involved in the freedom struggle in
Goa. He was dismissed from the bank and finally took up the struggle
to liberate Goa. In course of time he realized that liberation of DNH
was crucial if
Goa was to be liberated. Karmalkar reached
Vapi and met
Jayantibhai Desai from Dadra. He also met Bhikubhai Pandya from Nani
Daman and Vanmali Bhavsar from Silvassa.
Azad Gomantak Dal under the leadership of Vishwanath Lavande,
Dattatreya Deshpande, Prabhakar Sinar and others, the Rashtriya
Swaymsewak Sangh under the leadership of Raja Wakankar, Communist
Party under the leadership of Shamrao Parulekar and Godavaribai
Parulekar, and the United Front of Goans under the leadership of
Francis Mascerenhas, J.M. D’Souza, Waman Desai and others were also
attempting the liberation of DNH.
On 18 June 1954, many leaders met at Lavaccha. Lavaccha and
Indian territories. The order in which these places are lying (from
east to west) is Nagar Haveli, Lavaccha, Dadra,
Vapi and Daman (on the
sea coast). So the Portuguese officers required transit permit through
Indian territories of Lavaccha and
Vapi to travel between N.H, Dadra
On the night of 22 July 1954, 15 volunteers of the United Front of
Goans under the leadership of Francis Mascerenhas and Waman Desai
sneaked into the territory of
Dadra and reached the police station.
There were only three personnel at the police station. One was
attacked with a knife by one of the volunteers and the other two were
overpowered. The Indian tricolor was hoisted and the Indian National
Anthem was sung.
Dadra was declared “Free territory of Dadra.”
On the night of 28 July, around 30 to 35 volunteers of RSS and Azad
Gomantak Dal proceeded to Naroli from Karambele (Karambeli) by
swimming across the rivulets. June to September is the rainy season in
the region and the rivers are usually flooded during this season. The
Daman Ganga river was flooded and no help could reach Naroli. This was
the reason to choose this date for proceeding to Naroli. There were
only six police personnel. The volunteers and the villages reached the
police station and asked them to surrender or face death. They
immediately surrendered. The Portuguese rule of Naroli came to an end.
Special Reserve Police in the Indian Territory did not intervene
in any way. J.D. Nagarwala, the Dy.Inspector General of the Special
Reserve Police in the Indian Territory, without entering DNH asked
Captain Fidalgo, the Administrator of
Nagar Haveli to
surrender to the Indian Forces along with his paramilitary forces
before they would be butchered by the liberators.
Leaving about 50 policemen and five civilian officers posted at
Silvassa, Captain Fidalgo fled to Udva passing through Rakholi,
Dappada and Khanvel and surrendered to the SRP on 11 August. They were
later allowed to go to Goa.
In the meanwhile there were several rumours and the officers at
Silvassa were in confusion. On 1 August the liberators took advantage
of the situation and proceeded from
Dadra and Naroli and liberated
Pipariya. The five police officers surrendered without resistance.
During the night the volunteers divided themselves into three batches
and reached the police chowky at Silvassa. The police Chowky at
Silvassa was protected by sand bags. There were three policemen
guarding from three sides. Vasant Badve, Vishnu Bhople and Shantaram
Vaidya overpowered them from behind when least expected. The other
policemen surrendered without resistance on seeing the other
volunteers. The volunteers spent the night awake at the police chowky.
In the morning of 2 August 1954, the liberators reached the town of
Silvassa to find it free of any Portuguese occupation. The liberation
Nagar Haveli was complete.
Senhor Luis de Gama, the eldest nationalist hoisted the Indian
National Flag and declared the territory of
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
liberated and the Indian National Anthem was sung.
INTEGRATION INTO INDIA
Old map of the territory.
Although it enjoyed de facto independence,
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
were still recognised internationally (e.g. by the International Court
of Justice ) as Portuguese possessions. The residents of the former
colony requested the government of
India for administrative help. K.G.
Badlani, an officer of the
Indian Administrative Service
Indian Administrative Service was sent as
From 1954 to 1961, the territory was administered by a body called
the Varishta Panchayat of Free
Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
In 1961 when Indian forces took over Goa, Daman, and Diu , Badlani
was, for one day, designated the Prime Minister of
Dadra and Nagar
Haveli, so that, as Head of State, he could sign an agreement with the
Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, and formally merge Dadra
Nagar Haveli with the Republic of India.
On 31 December 1974 a treaty was signed between
India and Portugal on
recognition of India's sovereignty over Goa, Daman, Diu,
Silvassa Town Hall
An Administrator administers the territory, which covers an area of
487 km2 and consists of two talukas:
Dadra is the headquarters of
Dadra taluka, comprising
Dadra town and
two other villages.
Silvassa is the headquarters of Nagar Haveli
Silvassa town and 68 other villages.
There are several top standard schools, colleges and other academic
institutions, computer-training institutes, industrial training
institutes, polytechnic institutes and other technical training
institutes. Government and private run hostels provide accommodations
to local and outstation students.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli's gross state domestic product for 2004 is
estimated at $218 million in current prices. Its nominal GDP increased
to $360 million in the year 2009 with a per capita GDP of $1,050. The
economy of DNH relies on five major activities viz. agriculture,
industries, forestry, animal husbandry and tourism.
The basic economic activity of the territory is agriculture involving
about 60% of the working population. The total land area under
cultivation is 236.27 square kilometres (58,380 acres) i.e. 48% of the
total geographical area.The area under high yielding crops is 12,000
acres (49 km2). The main food crops cultivated in this area are paddy
(40% of the net sown area), ragi, small millets, jowar, sugarcanes,
tur, nagli and val. Vegetables like tomato, cauliflower, cabbage and
brinjal and fruits like mango, chikoo, guava, coconut and banana are
also grown. Agriculture sector has given a major boost to the economy
The local population is also involved in forestry and animal
husbandry. 92.76% of the farmers belong to the weaker sections and
89.36% of them are tribal farmers. There is a full-fledged veterinary
hospital and nine veterinary dispensaries. Mass vaccination against
various diseases is done regularly free of cost by the Animal
Nagar Haveli licence plate on an Audi Q7
Another major contributor to the economy are the manufacturing
industries. Due to heavy industrialisation in the region owing to tax
stops for industries in the union territories, a steady growth in
employment has been observed. The employment generation is increasing
at the pace of 5% per annum.
Industrialisation in the area began in 1965 when the first industrial
unit in the UT was started at Piparia,
Silvassa in the cooperative
sector by Dan Udyog Sahakari Sangh Ltd, following which three
industrial estates were established at Masat(1978), Khadoli(1982) and
Silvassa (1985). Earlier (before 1965) only traditional craftsmen who
made clay pots, leather items, viz., chappals, shoes and some other
items of bamboo were present. Since there was no sales tax in the UT,
it attracted many entrepreneurs. Around 30 new units comprising
Engineering, fabric weaving units and dyeing and printing units were
established till 1970.
In 1971, UT was declared as industrially backward area by Government
India and increased the cash subsidy to 15 to 25% for the
industrial units on their capital investment which resulted in the
speedy industrial development. The scheme was however terminated from
30 September 1988. Sales Tax Act was implemented from January 1984
till 1998 under which industries enjoyed sales tax exemption for 15
years from the start-up date.
VAT was introduced in 2005. At present
the newly established units get Central Sales Tax exemption which will
continue till 2017.
There are more than 2710 units functioning providing employment to
about 46000 people with a capital investment of ₹377.8310 million
Small scale industries
Medium scale industries
Large scale industries
* Corporation Banks
* Union Bank of
* State Bank Of
Bank of Baroda
Oriental Bank of Commerce
Oriental Bank of Commerce
* Central Bank of
Punjab National Bank
* The Ratnakar Bank
Indian Overseas Bank
Catholic Syrian Bank
Tamilnad Mercantile Bank
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS
* Praja Samachar
* Akila Daily
* The Times of
The Economic Times
The Economic Times
The Indian Express
The Indian Express
* Asali Azadi
* The Territory Times
* Pratah Varta
* Vishva Yatra
* Airtel ,
Idea Cellular ,
Reliance Mobile ,
Tata Docomo ,
SATELLITE TELEVISION :
Sun Direct ,
Airtel digital TV ,
Dish TV ,
Reliance Digital TV
Reliance Digital TV ,
TATA Sky ,
Videocon D2H Etc.,
Radio , FM .
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Nagar Haveli view from sea side
According to the 2011 census
Nagar Haveli has a population
of 342,853, roughly equal to the nation of
Belize . This gives it a
ranking of 566th in India, out of a total of 640 districts. It has a
population density of 698 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,810/sq
mi), and its population growth rate over the decade from 2001 to 2011
was 55.5 per cent, which is the highest percentage growth among all
Indian states and union territories.
Nagar Haveli has a
sex ratio of 775 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of
ETHNOGRAPHY, RELIGION AND LANGUAGE
Tribal groups make up a large part of the population viz 62%. The
most prominent are
Kokna (16.85%) and
with small groups of Koli , Kathodi, Naika and Dubla scattered across
the territory, collectively representing 3.31% of the population.
Dhodias and Dubles mainly populate the Northern part, whereas Koknas
and Warlis are found all over the Union Territory. They worship the
primary deities of Dis (Sun) and Chand (Moon), and Narandev, Kanasari,
Himai, Hirva, Veer, Rangtai and Vagdev.
One prominent feature of this territory is that people from all over
India form a part of non-tribal residents. DNH has many industries due
to tax concessions granted to industry and therefore people from all
over the country have migrated to the region. North Indians have a
prime influence in the area. Gujarati is one of the three official
languages, the others being
Hindi and English. Besides Gujarati
persons, one can find Marathi, Rajasthani, Bihari, Tamil, Uttar
Pradeshi and people from several other states. The prime reason for
such diverse population is the industrial hub. Employment
opportunities, good climate and the landscape are highly appealing.
Per the 2001 Census, out of the 137,225 ST persons of the UT, almost
all were Hindus except for 3,796 Christians (2.8%). As a former
Silvassa has a significant Roman Catholic
Kokna has the highest Christian population in 2001, 6.7%.
Recently Digambara Jains constructed a temple in the capital city
Silvassa. Swetambara Jains also have a temple in
Dadra and Silvassa.
Religion in State (2011)
Buddhism (0.18%) Sikhism
(0.06%) Other Religions (0.08%) Atheist (0.001%)
There are 72 villages, mainly inhabited by the various tribal
communities like the Warly (Warlie), Kokana, Dhodia, Koli, Kathodi,
Naika, Dubla and Kolgha. The tribal communities are locally known as
adivasi (which means original inhabitant). Each community has its own
culture, traditions and languages and dialects. None of these
languages has written literature or script until today. The tribal
communities consist of approximately 60% of the population of DNH.
(Earlier in the eighties it was more than 80%, but after influx from
different parts of the country, the percentage has reduced). But the
influx has helped the tribal people in increasing their earnings and
standard of living.
Warli is the language spoken by the
Warli people. Agri is spoken by
Agri community. Both are dialects of Marathi .
A former Portuguese enclave,
Silvassa has a significant Roman
Catholic population, speaking a distinct dialect of Portuguese .
Marathi and Gujarati languages are widely spoken.
Hindi and Marathi
are also understood.
The main tribes are Warlis ,
Kokna , etc.
The prominent Varnas occupying this territory are Rajputs , Ahirs ,
Mahar , and associated Varnas.
Warli Painting at Saskriti Kendra, New
Although commonly associated with Maharashtra, and found in Gujarat
too, Warlis consider Union Territory of
Nagar Haveli to be
their original home. A tribe of non-Aryan origin, they are the largest
tribal group in the territory and constitute ~ 63% (62.94%) of the
total tribal population.
Rituals are extremely important to the Warlis; they are nature
worshipers who regard the Sun and the Moon as the eyes of God. Their
main deities are Naran dev, Hirwa, Himai and Waghio, and stone images
of these deities are found in tree groves. A Bhagat plays the Ghangal
(a musical instrument made from gourd, bamboo and iron strings) and
performs the rituals.
Traditionally the Warlis wear a loin cloth with a small waist coat
and a turban. The women wear a knee-length, one-yard saree – lugde
– and adorn themselves with silver and white metal ornaments.
Dhodia seems to be derived from Dhundi, which means a small
thatched hut, and the Dhodias are primarily hut dwellers. They reside
mostly in the northern part of
Dadra & Nagar Haveli. They are known to
be the most educated among all the tribes and are good cultivators.
Some own enough farm land to be able to earn a decent livelihood.
Traditionally the men wear a white knee length dhoti with a shirt or
waist coat, white or coloured caps and ornaments like earrings and
silver chains around their waist. The women wear a knee length dark
blue saree with an aanchal worn from the front and left loose at the
back. Popular accessories include colourful bead necklaces, and metal
ornaments such as bangles or thick kadas around their ankles.
The Koknas derive their name from the Konkan region in West India.
They have land of their own, produce paddy and are better cultivators
than the Warlis. With the introduction of formal education many of
them have moved up the social ladder.
Koknas well built and both men and women often tattoo their bodies,
especially their foreheads. The men wear a dhoti up to the knees, with
a waist coat or shirt and a turban. The women wear traditional
colourful sarees that are either knee length or full length.
The Kathodis, called Katkari in the Thane district of Maharashtra,
make up 0.08% of the total tribal population of
Dadra what is worn
adorns the women only.
* Geography portal
* Asia portal
* South Asia portal
1961 Indian annexation of Goa
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