The mission, organised by space exploration company PTScientists, will be the first ever privately-funded Moon landing.
Nokia masts will be launched on a SpaceX rocket in 2019 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, USA.
The network will enable Audi lunar exploration vehicles to communicate with each other and with a base station.
The 4G signal, provided by Vodafone, will also be able to transmit high-definition video streaming of the Moon’s surface.
“This project involves a radically innovative approach to the development of mobile network infrastructure” said Dr Hannes Ametsreiter, CEO of Vodafone Germany.
The vehicles are exploring the Moon as a potential human habitat. The introduction of a 4G network is hoped to be the first step to creating a communications infrastructure for future lunar missions.
The network will help to save energy, as mobile signal is more energy efficient than analogue radio.
“The great thing about this LTE solution is that it saves so much power, and the less energy we use sending data, the more we have to do science”, said Robert Böhme, CEO of PTScientists.
The launch of the network may mean the Moon will have 4G signal while people in many parts of the UK still struggle to connect.
“In order for humanity to leave the cradle of Earth, we need to develop infrastructures beyond our home planet”, said Mr Böhme.