TAIL(1) User Commands TAIL(1)
tail - output the last part of files
tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more
than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options
output the last NUM bytes; or use -c +NUM to output starting
with byte NUM of each file
output appended data as the file grows;
an absent option argument means 'descriptor'
-F same as --follow=name --retry
output the last NUM lines, instead of the last 10; or use -n
+NUM to output starting with line NUM
with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not
changed size after N (default 5) iterations to see if it has
been unlinked or renamed (this is the usual case of rotated log
files); with inotify, this option is rarely useful
with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
-q, --quiet, --silent
never output headers giving file names
keep trying to open a file if it is inaccessible
with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds (default 1.0) between
iterations; with inotify and --pid=P, check process P at least
once every N seconds
always output headers giving file names
line delimiter is NUL, not newline
--help display this help and exit
output version information and exit
NUM may have a multiplier suffix: b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000,
M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P,
E, Z, Y.
With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor,
which means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue
to track its end. This default behavior is not desirable when you re-
ally want to track the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor
(e.g., log rotation). Use --follow=name in that case. That causes
tail to track the named file in a way that accommodates renaming, re-
moval and creation.
Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, Ian Lance Taylor, and Jim Mey-
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report tail translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU
GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Full documentation at: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/tail>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) tail invocation'
GNU coreutils 8.30 September 2019 TAIL(1)
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