Madalina Butnariu, MD
Crohn’s disease is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract and can involve different areas of the digestive tract in different people. It occurs because of a dysregulation of the immune system, but the exact cause is unknown. There may be a genetic and hereditary component, although most people with Crohn’s disease don’t have a family history of the disease. It most commonly affects patients around the age of 13 to 40.
Factors that may play a role in Crohn’s disease include:
Diagnosing Crohn’s disease can be challenging. Symptoms don’t often associate with location or severity of bowel disease inflammation. Symptoms mimicking Crohn’s disease can be present without the actual disease being active, and active disease can be present with no or minimal symptoms.
The most common areas affected by Crohn’s disease are the last segment of the small intestines (ileum) and the large intestine (colon). Signs and symptoms of Crohn’s disease are often based on disease location and inflammation severity, and they can range from mild to severe. There are periods of no signs or symptoms (remission) as well as very active bowel symptoms (flare). With active disease, some signs or symptoms include:
Your doctor will perform a physical exam to look for signs of Crohn’s disease. Blood and stool studies will be done to rule out other possible causes. Laboratory tests, imaging studies and endoscopic procedures will help provide a precise diagnosis.
Tests that diagnose and monitor flare-ups of Crohn’s disease and response to treatment include:
There is no known cure for Crohn’s disease, but therapies can help control symptoms and improve inflammation to help achieve remission. Treatment strategies may include medications, diet/nutrition and surgery.
Steroids may be used during the initial phase of a flare-up. However, while steroids may help you feel better quickly, they do not actually heal the bowel and are only a short-term option that should be replaced with appropriate long-term medications such as immune modulators and biologics. The Ohio State Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center has many active clinical trials that can be beneficial for Crohn’s patients.
Some people with Crohn’s disease may need surgery to remove a damaged or diseased part of the intestine.
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