, In the Bible, Malachi 4:2 mentions the "Sun of Righteousness" (sometimes translated as the "Sun of Justice"), which some Christians have interpreted as a reference to the Messiah (Christ). Such a weak star would not have been able to sustain liquid water on Earth's surface, and thus life should not have been able to develop. , Currently, it is unclear whether waves are an efficient heating mechanism. This includes four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars), two gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn), and two ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). 5.25 ) First, the core, full of degenerate helium ignites violently in the helium flash, where it is estimated that 6% of the core, itself 40% of the Sun's mass, will be converted into carbon within a matter of minutes through the triple-alpha process. Discussions about 'rayo de sol' in the Sólo Español forum, ⓘ One or more forum threads is an exact match of your searched term.  Besides its direct solar observation, SOHO has enabled the discovery of a large number of comets, mostly tiny sungrazing comets that incinerate as they pass the Sun. The two methods generally agree well. masculine noun. Lord Kelvin suggested that the Sun is a gradually cooling liquid body that is radiating an internal store of heat.  The Sun orbits the center of the Milky Way, and it is presently moving in the direction of the constellation of Cygnus. The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. Quick, basic overviews on Japan's culture, society, and more. When hydrogen fusion in its core has diminished to the point at which the Sun is no longer in hydrostatic equilibrium, its core will undergo a marked increase in density and temperature while its outer layers expand, eventually transforming the Sun into a red giant.  At present, it is increasing in brightness by about 1% every 100 million years. The proportions of metals (heavier elements) is unchanged. +  The invention of the telescope in the early 17th century permitted detailed observations of sunspots by Thomas Harriot, Galileo Galilei and other astronomers. ( , The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star that comprises about 99.86% of the mass of the Solar System. The Sun's dipole magnetic field of 50–400 μT (at the photosphere) reduces with the inverse-cube of the distance, leading to a predicted magnetic field of 0.1 nT at the distance of Earth. , The first largely complete set of oscillator strengths of singly ionized iron-group elements were made available in the 1960s, and these were subsequently improved. At solar-cycle maximum, the external poloidal dipolar magnetic field is near its dynamo-cycle minimum strength, but an internal toroidal quadrupolar field, generated through differential rotation within the tachocline, is near its maximum strength. 0 During a total solar eclipse, when the disk of the Sun is covered by that of the Moon, parts of the Sun's surrounding atmosphere can be seen.  As one fragment of the cloud collapsed it also began to rotate due to conservation of angular momentum and heat up with the increasing pressure. The photosphere is not fully ionized—the extent of ionization is about 3%, leaving almost all of the hydrogen in atomic form.  Originally intended to serve a two-year mission, a mission extension through 2012 was approved in October 2009. (  Sunlight on the surface of Earth is attenuated by Earth's atmosphere, so that less power arrives at the surface (closer to 1,000 W/m2) in clear conditions when the Sun is near the zenith. 0  , The radiative zone and the convective zone are separated by a transition layer, the tachocline. The Ulysses probe was launched in 1990 to study the Sun's polar regions. Both coronal-mass ejections and high-speed streams of solar wind carry plasma and interplanetary magnetic field outward into the Solar System. , Sunspots are visible as dark patches on the Sun's photosphere, and correspond to concentrations of magnetic field where the convective transport of heat is inhibited from the solar interior to the surface.
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