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Terms in this set (19)
which substance is not able to cross a plasma membrane via simple diffusion?
Glucose- Although it moves with its own concentration gradient, glucose must move through membrane proteins in the plasma membrane. This is facilitated diffusion, not simple diffusion.
During _________ secretion, the product is packaged into vesicles and released by exocytosis.
As you examine a slide under the microscope, you see pink wavy lines. You identify them as __________.
collagen fibers- Collagen fibers are part of the extracellular matrix.
Which tissue will mostly likely be found lining organs where substances have to easily diffuse across, such as the intestines and the lungs?
simple squamous epithelium- Simple squamous epithelium lines the exchange surfaces of the lungs, and simple columnar epithelium lines the small intestine.
You are observing a tissue under the microscope and notice dark concentric circles of matrix and osteocytes in lacunae. You identify this tissue as __________.
bone tissue- Bone, or osseous connective tissue, has osteocytes in lacunae and concentric circles of calcified extracellular matrix.
________ are found between cardiac muscle cells and allow them to communicate and contract in unison.
_____________ line the cavities surrounding freely moveable joints and do not contain a layer of epithelial cells.
During _________, fibroblasts divide by mitosis and produce collagen to fill in the defect left by the injury, and the tissue does not regain its ability to function normally.
Tissues have different types of protein fibers that contribute to their overall shape and function. Elastic fibers are made of the protein elastin, which provides distensibility and elasticity to tissues. If these fibers were to lose their elasticity...
the tissue would be able to stretch but not return to its original shape or size.
Fibrocartilage often replaces hyaline cartilage when it is injured or damaged. What effect will this have on articular surfaces of bones?
Fibrocartilage contains more protein fibers than hyaline cartilage and will make the surface less smooth.
Fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage differ in that hyaline cartilage are dominated by ground substance, whereas fibrocartilage is filled with bundles of collage fibers, leaving little room for ground substance. This makes fibrocartilage much less smooth as a surface for articulation.
Skeletal muscle is often replaced with a dense irregular connective tissue when the muscle is damaged, leading to what is commonly known as scar tissue. What effect would you expect to see on the function of skeletal muscle tissue that has been replaced by scar tissue?
The dense irregular connective tissue is not contractile tissue so the function of the muscle would be altered.
None of the components of dense irregular connective tissue are contractile, and so some of the functional abilities of muscle tissue would be completely altered.
The predominant fiber of dense irregular connective tissue is the collagen fiber arranged in a disorganized way. The arrangement allows for the tissue to be strong and resist tension. None of the components of dense irregular connective tissue are contractile, and so some of the functional abilities of muscle tissue would be completely altered.
_________________ are very resistant to tearing and pulling, and a gel-like ground substance provides resistance to compression.
___________________ is not a normal resident cell found in connective tissue proper
Chondrocytes- chondrocytes are resident cells found in cartilage, which belongs to the specialized connective tissue group.
skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated. Why do skeletal muscle cells have this property?
Multinucleation is an advantage because of skeletal muscle fiber size and the amount of protein synthesis that takes place in these metabolically active cells.
A solitary nucleus would struggle to keep up with the number of enzymes, structural proteins, and contractile proteins that must be continually synthesized and replaced during the lifespan of the individual skeletal muscle fiber.
Regions of the body which require large surface area for absorption, such as the cells covering the inner surface of the small intestine, often have __________.
microvilli- Microvilli increase the surface area of the cell by as much as 30 to 40 times, which allows the cell to absorb substances more rapidly.
what are the two major components of ECM
ground substance and protein fibers
why is living epithelial tissue limited to a certain thickness?
because the epidermis is avascular, oxygen and nutrients from the blood must diffuse up to the epi. cells from the blood vessels in the dermis
where is the ECM of epithelial tissue located?
there is essentially no ECM between the epi. cells, but is actually located beneath them in the basement membrane as the basal lamina
merocrine vs holocrine
merocrine is used by the majority of exocrine glands in the body in which they package their products into secretory vesicles for release by exocytosis (eccrine gland)
holocrine is the second main type of secretion where secretory cells accumulate their products in their cytosol and the product is not released until the cell ruptures and dies (sebaceous glands in skin)
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