A mobile phone was fixed on a "cage/cap" that was mounted on the head so that the microphone was close to the mouth and the antenna was touching or very close to the head, above and slightly behind the ear. The mobile phone could emit GSM modulated and CW unmodulated signals as well as a sham signal (in that case the power was diverted to an internal load of the phone). The SAR in the no-exposure condition was less than 0.002 W/kg.
All participants were exposed to both ON and OFF (sham) conditions in double blind counterbalanced order in two different sessions, 1 week apart. In the ON condition, 84 participants were exposed to GSMsignals and 84 to CWsignals. For each group, the mobile phone was on the left side of the head for half the subjects and on the right for the other half, irrespective of the handedness of participants.
Sauter C et al.
Effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by GSM 900 and WCDMA mobile phones on cognitive function in young male subjects.
Eltiti S et al.
Short-term exposure to mobile phone base station signals does not affect cognitive functioning or physiological measures in individuals who report sensitivity to electromagnetic fields and controls.