Department of Lands building
|Department of Lands building|
Location in Greater Metropolitan Sydney
|Architectural style||Victorian Renaissance Revival|
|Address||22-33 Bridge Street, Sydney, New South Wales|
|Current tenants||NSW Office of Environment & Heritage|
|Owner||Government of New South Wales|
|Roof||Copper dome, 17 metres (55 ft) square to octagon|
|Other dimensions||Clock tower with copper 'onion' top|
|Structural system||Reinforced concrete slabs|
|Design and construction|
|Architecture firm||Colonial Architect of New South Wales|
|Developer||Government of New South Wales|
The Department of Lands building is a heritage-listed state government administrative building of the Victorian Renaissance Revival architectural style located in Bridge Street in the Sydney central business district of New South Wales, Australia. The large three-storey public building was designed by Colonial Architect James Barnet and built in different stages, with Walter Liberty Vernon and William Edmund Kemp designing various components of the building. The builder was John Young.
The building was initially occupied by the NSW Department of Lands, the has a long association with the public life of New South Wales, especially the rapid expansion of settlement during the later part of the 19th century. The building is currently occupied by the NSW Office of Environment & Heritage.
In the late 1980s, the building was earmarked by the NSW Governnment as one of the possible sites for conversion into a casino. A permanent conservation order covering the premises was passed by the Heritage Council of New South Wales in order to protect the building from unsympathetic development.
In 1892 when construction of the Lands Department building commenced, the location of the inaugural and temporary Government House was at the junction of what is now known as Bridge and Phillip Streets, a site now occupied by the Museum of Sydney. At that time, Bridge Street ran from George Street to Government House. The Lands Department building was located immediately 'down hill' from Government House and occupied a city block bounded by Bridge, Loftus, Bent and Gresham Streets. The design of the three-storey building, plus basement, provided uninterrupted views from its north-facing verandahs to Port Jackson and Sydney Cove.
Composition style and features
Barnet, who favoured Classical styles in his public building projects, designed the building in the Victorian Renaissance Revival architectural style. It was built between 1876-1892. Dressed Pyrmont sandstone is the dominant material of the façades, with a dome and tower tops made from copper. The four façades of the building are all richly decorated with classical motifs and statuettes and are dissimilar to each other. Barnet’s mix of the orders and their integration into the building is significant. For example, lowest level of the building is adorned with Doric and Ionic pilasters, whereas Corinthian and Ionic ones are used above. The clock tower has an 'onion' copper dome which was influenced by Sir Henry Parkes’s water carafe.
At the time of its completion, it was the largest of public buildings, boasting the latest in office technology at the time - speaking tubes, pneumatic bells, spiral stairs, and a mosaic of Queen Victoria's coat of arms at the entrance. Barnet designed the building with a plan room with a heavy, fireproof metal door.
The main entrance for this building is on Bridge Street. The basement on the Gresham Street side has two entrances, one of which was previously used for horse-drawn carriages. Compared to the scale of the structure, the main entrance on Bridge Street seems relatively restrained. One[who?] might expect a grand entrance in a building of such significance, but Barnet seems to have scaled it down. For an adult standing next to the door, its decorated top is at a comfortable height above the head. This fact makes the Lands Department building seem more practical and public-oriented rather than colossal.[opinion]
Each of the four façades has twelve niches whose sculpted occupants include explorers and legislators who made a major contribution to the opening up and settlement of the nation. Although 48 men were nominated by Barnet as being suitable subjects, most were rejected as being 'hunters or excursionists'. Only 23 statues were commissioned including Hamilton Hume, William Hovell, Major Sir Thomas Mitchell, Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson, William C. Wentworth, George Bass, Matthew Flinders and Sir Joseph Banks. The last statue added was James Meehan in 2010, leaving 24 niches unfilled.
- "Lands Department Building". NSW State Heritage Register. Office of Environment & Heritage, Government of New South Wales. 3 November 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- Australian Heritage Commission (1981), The Heritage of Australia: the illustrated register of the National Estate, South Melbourne: The Macmillan Company of Australia in association with the Australian Heritage Commission, p. 94, ISBN 978-0-333-33750-9
- Haskell, John (1997). Sydney Architecture. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. p. 30.
- "Lands Department Bldg.". Visit Sydney Australia. Phoenix Group Co. 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
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