63 relations: AC power, Amplitude, Angular frequency, Asymptote, Atomic clock, Attenuation, Bandwidth (signal processing), Bessel filter, Butterworth filter, Capacitance, Capacitor, Complex conjugate, Complex number, Conservative force, Crystal oscillator, Damping, Damping ratio, Dimensionless quantity, Dissipation factor, Drag (physics), Electrical resistance and conductance, Engineering, Exponential decay, Factor of safety, Frequency, Friction, Group delay and phase delay, Harmonic oscillator, Heaviside step function, Hertz, Impulse response, Inductance, Inductor, Kinetic energy, Laser, Low-pass filter, LTI system theory, Negative feedback, Octave (electronics), Optical cavity, Optics, Oscillation, Oscillator linewidth, Oscillator phase noise, Phase margin, Photon, Physics, Potential energy, Pulse (physics), Pure tone, ..., Q meter, Q-switching, Qualitative property, Resistor, Resonance, Resonator, RLC circuit, Selectivity (electronic), Sine wave, Superconducting radio frequency, Transfer function, Tuned radio frequency receiver, Viscosity. Expand index (13 more) » « Shrink index
Power in an electric circuit is the rate of energy consumption or production as currents flow through various parts comprising the circuit.
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The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change over a single period (such as time or spatial period).
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In physics, angular frequency ω (also referred to by the terms angular speed, radial frequency, circular frequency, orbital frequency, radian frequency, and pulsatance) is a scalar measure of rotation rate.
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In analytic geometry, an asymptote of a curve is a line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as they tend to infinity.
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An atomic clock is a clock device that uses an electronic transition frequency in the microwave, optical, or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum of atoms as a frequency standard for its timekeeping element.
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In physics, attenuation (in some contexts also called extinction) is the gradual loss in intensity of any kind of flux through a medium.
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Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in a continuous set of frequencies.
In electronics and signal processing, a Bessel filter is a type of analog linear filter with a maximally flat group/phase delay (maximally linear phase response), which preserves the wave shape of filtered signals in the passband.
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The Butterworth filter is a type of signal processing filter designed to have as flat a frequency response as possible in the passband.
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Capacitance is the ability of a body to store an electrical charge.
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A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field.
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In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with equal real part and imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
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A complex number is a number that can be expressed in the form, where and are real numbers and is the imaginary unit, that satisfies the equation.
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A conservative force is a force with the property that the work done in moving a particle between two points is independent of the taken path.
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A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency.
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Damping is an influence within or upon an oscillatory system that has the effect of reducing, restricting or preventing its oscillations.
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In engineering, the damping ratio is a dimensionless measure describing how oscillations in a system decay after a disturbance.
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In dimensional analysis, a dimensionless quantity is a quantity to which no physical dimension is applicable.
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In physics, the dissipation factor (DF) is a measure of loss-rate of energy of a mode of oscillation (mechanical, electrical, or electromechanical) in a dissipative system.
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In fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called air resistance, a type of friction, or fluid resistance, another type of friction or fluid friction) refers to forces acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid.
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The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is a measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through that conductor.
Engineering is the application of mathematics, empirical evidence and scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge in order to invent, design, build, maintain, research, and improve, structures, machines, tools, systems, components, materials, and processes.
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A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value.
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Factor of safety (FoS), also known as (and used interchangeably with) safety factor (SF), is a term describing the structural capacity of a system beyond the expected loads or actual loads.
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Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.
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Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.
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In signal processing, group delay is a measure of the time delay of the amplitude envelopes of the various sinusoidal components of a signal through a device under test, and is a function of frequency for each component.
In classical mechanics, a harmonic oscillator is a system that, when displaced from its equilibrium position, experiences a restoring force, F, proportional to the displacement, x: where k is a positive constant.
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The Heaviside step function, or the unit step function, usually denoted by H (but sometimes u or θ), is a discontinuous function whose value is zero for negative argument and one for positive argument.
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The hertz (symbol Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI) and is defined as one cycle per second.
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In signal processing, the impulse response, or impulse response function (IRF), of a dynamic system is its output when presented with a brief input signal, called an impulse.
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In electromagnetism and electronics, inductance is the property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current flowing through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itselfSears and Zemansky 1964:743 and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance.
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An inductor, also called a coil or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component which resists changes in electric current passing through it.
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In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.
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A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
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A low-pass filter is a filter that passes signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency.
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Linear time-invariant theory, commonly known as LTI system theory, comes from applied mathematics and has direct applications in NMR spectroscopy, seismology, circuits, signal processing, control theory, and other technical areas.
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Negative feedback occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances.
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In electronics, an octave is a doubling or halving of a frequency.
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An optical cavity, resonating cavity or optical resonator is an arrangement of mirrors that forms a standing wave cavity resonator for light waves.
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Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
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Oscillation is the repetitive variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states.
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The concept of a linewidth is borrowed from laser spectroscopy.
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0,..., t6) one can see that the deviation in amplitude dissipates while the deviation in phase does not.| --> Oscillators inherently produce high levels of phase noise. That noise increases at frequencies close to the oscillation frequency or its harmonics. With the noise being close to the oscillation frequency, it cannot be removed by filtering without also removing the oscillation signal. And since it is predominantly in the phase, it cannot be removed with a limiter. All well-designed nonlinear oscillators have stable limit cycles, meaning that if perturbed, the oscillator will naturally return to its limit cycle. This is depicted in the figure on the right (removed due to unknown copyright status). Here the stable limit cycle is shown in state space as a closed orbit (the ellipse). When perturbed, the oscillator responds by spiraling back into the limit cycle. However, by observing the time stamps, it is easy to see that while the oscillation returns to its stable limit cycle, it does not return at the same phase. This is because the oscillator is autonomous; it has no stable time reference. The phase is free to drift. As a result, any perturbation of the oscillator causes the phase to drift, which explains why the noise produced by an oscillator is predominantly in phase.
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In electronic amplifiers, the phase margin (PM) is the difference between the phase, measured in degrees, and 180°, for an amplifier's output signal (relative to its input), as a function of frequency.
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Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phúsis "nature") is the natural science that involves the study of matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy. Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization, and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
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In physics, potential energy is the energy that an object has due to its position in a force field or that a system has due to the configuration of its parts.
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In physics, a pulse is a single disturbance that moves through a medium from one point to the next point.
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A pure tone is a tone with a sinusoidal waveform, i.e. a sine or cosine wave.
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A Q meter is a piece of equipment used in the testing of radio frequency circuits.
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Q-switching, sometimes known as giant pulse formation or Q-spoiling, is a technique by which a laser can be made to produce a pulsed output beam.
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Qualitative properties are properties that are observed and can generally not be measured with a numerical result.
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A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
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In physics, resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when a given system is driven by another vibrating system or external force to oscillate with greater amplitude at a specific preferential frequency.
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A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance or resonant behavior, that is, it naturally oscillates at some frequencies, called its resonant frequencies, with greater amplitude than at others.
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A RLC circuit is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C), connected in series or in parallel.
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Selectivity is a measure of the performance of a radio receiver to respond only to the radio signal it is tuned to (such as a radio station) and reject other signals nearby in frequency, such as another broadcast on an adjacent channel.
The sine wave or sinusoid is a mathematical curve that describes a smooth repetitive oscillation.
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Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) science and technology involves the application of electrical superconductors to radio frequency devices.
In engineering, a transfer function (also known as the system function or network function and, when plotted as a graph, transfer curve) is a mathematical representation for fit or to describe inputs and outputs of black box models.
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A tuned radio frequency receiver (or TRF receiver) is a type of radio receiver that is composed of one or more tuned radio frequency (RF) amplifier stages followed by a detector (demodulator) circuit to extract the audio signal and usually an audio frequency amplifier.
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.
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