By John Steinbeck © 1939
Published by Penguin Books Ltd.
1940 Pulitzer Prize Winner
The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, is the story of the Joad family – tenant farmers from Oklahoma – and their migration to California to escape the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression. Through excellent characterization and a compelling storyline, the reader becomes a part of the Joad family, feeling their excitement and apprehension, the family bonds, their grief, despair and sadness, and their undying spirit to survive and prosper. Among the Joads' personal journey, Steinbeck has woven short, descriptive chapters that portray the bigger picture of the great migration and a changing America.
The family farm is becoming a thing of the past. Tractors and big business are taking over in search of bigger profits, and the families that have eked out an existence on these small farms are no longer needed or wanted. They are pushed out of their homes, one by one. Large farms in the West beckon them to California through handbills advertising “workers needed,” and the families head west by the hundreds, in hopes of finding the American dream. Little do they know how few will really find what they’re looking for.
But despite loss and heartache, discouragement and despair, despite the overwhelming odds, there is an undeniable feeling of unity among the people involved in this great migration. Family and strangers alike, all help one another when they’re in need. It is the overriding theme of the story – united we stand.
“How’s it go, Tom?”
“Goes, ‘Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their labor. For if they fall, the one will lif’ up his fellow, but woe to him that is alone when he falleth, for he hath not another to help him up.’ That’s part of her.”
“Go on,” Ma said. “Go on, Tom.”
“Jus’ a little bit more. ‘Again, if two lie together, then they have heat: but how can one be warm alone? And if one prevail against him, two shall withstand him, and a three-fold cord is not quickly broken.’”
I was deeply moved by this story, perhaps because my own grandparents left their farm in Kansas during that time. My mother has memories – only five years old at the time – of leaving home, and of her father finding work in Arizona during the Dust Bowl. Fortunately, my grandparents owned their land and were able to return to their home in time, unlike the Joad family.
Perhaps it was this connection that made the ending – or non-ending – so difficult for me. I wanted, at least, an epilogue, telling me what finally became of the Joads. After feeling so deeply involved in their story, it was hard not knowing what ultimately happened to them. But maybe that was Steinbeck’s point. To make the reader think. To keep the reader wondering, as the Joad’s would have, what happens next?
Where do we go from here?