Fluoride dangers are real. Fluoride can damage health and fertility, destroy bones and teeth, and cause early puberty in children.
Water fluoridation has been banned in many countries including China, Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, Hungary, and Japan. Nearly all of Europe’s water supply is fluoride-free.
However, fluoride dangers are everywhere in America. That’s because fluoride is everywhere in our food supply. Fluoride is in our water, in juice, soda, wine and coffee, in soups and processed food, and in baby formula. The majority of American cities have fluoridated water.
Fluoride Dangers: Sources of Fluoride
Many people think they can avoid fluoride by just using fluoride-free toothpaste. However, fluoride isn’t just in toothpaste. Almost all of the beverages sold in stores and restaurants are made with tap water. People who drink those beverages ingest a fair amount of added fluoride.
We consume fluoride and are exposed to fluoride dangers from the following sources:
Toothpaste with fluoride
Foods cooked in fluoride
Canned soup, or soup in restaurants
Mechanically deboned chicken (i.e. chicken nuggets)
Food cooked in Teflon cookware
Soda pop and soft drinks
Fruit juice (unless it is fresh-squeezed at home)
Beer and wine (unless they are imported from Europe or other areas that don’t fluoridate the water)
Coffee (if made with fluoridated water)
Tea (all tea is naturally high in fluoride, even organic tea)
Kombucha (kombucha is made from tea)
Packaged and processed foods
Fluoride Dangers: Top 10 Dangers of Fluoride
Fluoride Dangers #1. Accumulation of Fluoride in the Body
Fluoride accumulates in the body. Healthy adult kidneys excrete 50 to 60% of the fluoride ingested each day (Marier & Rose 1971). Any remaining fluoride accumulates in the body, typically in the bones and pineal gland (Luke 1997, 2001). Babies and children excrete less fluoride from their kidneys and absorb up to 80% of ingested fluoride into their bones (Ekstrand 1994). The concentration of fluoride in the bones increases over a lifetime (NRC 2006).
Fluoride Dangers #2. Fluoride and Bottle-fed Babies
Bottle-fed babies receive the highest doses of fluoride. Since they have a liquid diet, formula-fed babies have the highest exposure to fluoride. Infant exposure to fluoridated water has been repeatedly found to be a major risk factor for developing dental fluorosis later in life (Marshall 2004; Hong 2006; Levy 2010). As a result, dental researchers have recommended that parents of newborns not use fluoridated water when reconstituting formula (Ekstrand 1996; Pendrys 1998; Fomon 2000; Brothwell 2003; Marshall 2004).
The American Dental Association (ADA), the biggest advocates of fluoridation, sent a November 6, 2006 email alert to its members advising that parents should make baby formula with “low or no-fluoride water.”
Fluoride Dangers #3. Fluoride and Reproductive Problems
Fluoride given to animals at high doses destroys the male reproductive system. Fluoride damages sperm and increases the rate of infertility in a number of species (Kour 1980; Chinoy 1989; Chinoy 1991; Susheela 1991; Chinoy 1994; Kumar 1994; Narayana 1994a,b; Zhao 1995; Elbetieha 2000; Ghosh 2002; Zakrzewska 2002).
A U.S. epidemiological study showed increased rates of infertility among couples living in areas with 3 ppm or more fluoride in the water (Freni 1994). Two studies showed reduced level of circulating testosterone in males living in high fluoride areas (Susheela 1996; Barot 1998). A study of fluoride-exposed workers reported a “subclinical reproductive effect” (Ortiz-Perez 2003).
Fluoride Dangers #4. Fluoride and Brain Damage
“It is apparent that fluorides have the ability to interfere with the functions of the brain.” — the National Research Council (2006)
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lists fluoride among about 100 chemicals for which there is “substantial evidence of developmental neurotoxicity.” Experiments on animals reveal that fluoride accumulates in the brain and alters mental behavior (Mullenix 1995). There have been over 100 animal experiments showing that fluoride damages the brain and impacts learning and behavior.
Advocates of fluoridation counter that these animal studies are invalid because high doses of fluoride were used. However, it takes 5-20 times more fluoride to reach the same plasma levels in rats as in humans (Sawan 2010). One animal experiment found effects at very low doses of fluoride (Varner 1998). In this study, rats were fed for one year with 1 ppm fluoride in their water (the same amount used in tap water fluoridation), using either sodium fluoride or aluminum fluoride. These rats had changes to their kidneys and brains, an increased uptake of aluminum in the brain, and the formation of beta-amyloid deposits which are associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
Fluoride Dangers #5. Fluoride and Lowered IQ
There have been 24 studies from China, Iran, India and Mexico that show an association between fluoride exposure and reduced IQ. One research team (Xiang 2003a,b) estimated that fluoride may lower IQ at 1.9 ppm (parts per million), while a recent preliminary study (Ding 2011) found a lowering of IQ in children drinking water at levels ranging from 0.3 to 3 ppm. The authors of this latter study reported that for each increase of 1 ppm fluoride measured in the urine there was a loss of 0.59 IQ points. According to the National Research Council (2006), “the consistency of the results [in fluoride/IQ studies] appears significant enough to warrant additional research on the effects of fluoride on intelligence.”
Fluoride Dangers #6. Fluoride and Early Puberty
Reduced IQ is not the only neurotoxic effect of fluoride. Studies have shown an association between fluoride exposure and impaired visual-spatial organization (Calderon 2000; Li 2004; Rocha-Amador 2009); while three other studies have found an association between prenatal fluoride exposure and fetal brain damage (Han 1989; Du 1992; Yu 1996).
Fluoride also affects the pineal gland. Studies by Jennifer Luke (2001) show that fluoride accumulates in the human pineal gland to very high levels. In her Ph.D. thesis, Luke has also shown in animal studies that fluoride reduces melatonin production and leads to an earlier onset of puberty (Luke 1997).
Consistent with Luke’s findings, one of the earliest fluoridation trials in the U.S. (Schlesinger 1956) reported that on average young girls in the fluoridated community reached menstruation 5 months earlier than girls in the non-fluoridated community.
Fluoride Dangers #7. Fluoride and Thyroid Function
Fluoride negatively impacts thyroid function. In the Ukraine, Bachinskii (1985) found a lowering of thyroid function, among otherwise healthy people, at 2.3 ppm fluoride in water. In the mid-20th century, fluoride was prescribed by a number of European doctors to reduce the activity of the thyroid gland for patients with hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) (Stecher 1960; Waldbott 1978).
According to a clinical study by Galletti and Joyet (1958), the thyroid function of hyperthyroid patients was reduced at just 2.3-4.5 mg per day of fluoride. To put this finding in perspective, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS, 1991) has estimated that total fluoride exposure in fluoridated communities ranges from 1.6 to 6.6 mg/day. This is a remarkable fact, particularly considering the rampant and increasing problem of hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) in the United States and other fluoridated countries.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include depression, fatigue, weight gain, muscle and joint pains, increased cholesterol levels, and heart disease. In 2010, the second most prescribed drug of the year was Synthroid (sodium levothyroxine) which is a hormone replacement drug used to treat an underactive thyroid.
Fluoride Dangers #8. Fluoride and Arthritis
Fluoride causes symptoms of arthritis. Skeletal fluorosis (a fluoride-induced bone and joint disease) mimic the symptoms of arthritis (Singh 1963; Franke 1975; Teotia 1976; Carnow 1981; Czerwinski 1988; DHHS 1991). According to an article published in Chemical & Engineering News, “Because some of the clinical symptoms mimic arthritis, the first two clinical phases of skeletal fluorosis could be easily misdiagnosed” (Hileman 1988). According to the CDC (2002), 1 in 3 Americans have some form of arthritis. Few studies have been done to determine whether the high prevalence of arthritis in America and other fluoridated countries could be related to growing fluoride exposure.
Fluoride Dangers #9. Fluoride Damages Bone
Fluoride damages bone. An early fluoridation trial (Newburgh-Kingston 1945-55) revealed a two-fold increase in bone defects among children in the fluoridated community (Schlesinger 1956). In 2001, Alarcon-Herrera reported a correlation between the severity of dental fluorosis and the frequency of bone fractures in children and adults in a high fluoride area in Mexico.
Fluoride Dangers #10. Fluoride and Hip Fractures in the Elderly
Fluoride may increase hip fractures in the elderly. High doses of fluoride (average 26 mg per day) were used in trials to treat patients with osteoporosis in an effort to harden their bones and reduce fracture rates. This treatment actually led to a higher number of fractures, particularly hip fractures (Inkovaara 1975; Gerster 1983; Dambacher 1986; O’Duffy 1986; Hedlund 1989; Bayley 1990; Gutteridge 1990. 2002; Orcel 1990; Riggs 1990 and Schnitzler 1990).
One Chinese study looked at hip fractures in six Chinese villages, and found an increase in hip fractures as the concentration of fluoride rose from 1 ppm to 8 ppm (Li 2001).
How to Avoid Fluoride and Fluoride Dangers
Avoid processed and packaged food
Buy fluoride-free toothpaste
Avoid fluoride treatments at the dentist
Filter your tap water
Don’t drink soda pop, or coffee or iced tea at restaurants
Don’t drink bottled water (with the exception of European water) as it is usually fluoridated
Order European mineral water in restaurants
Drink wine and beer imported from Europe
Don’t use tap water if feeding your baby formula (of course, I don’t recommend using baby formula anyway — if you can’t breastfeed, it’s best to make homemade baby formula)
Don’t use Teflon (non-stick) cookware
Learn More About Fluoride Dangers
The Fluoride Deception by Christopher Bryson
The Case against Fluoride: How Hazardous Waste Ended Up in Our Drinking Water and the Bad Science and Powerful Politics That Keep It There by Paul Connett, James Beck, and H. Spedding Micklem
Support the Fluoride Action Network
Read More of My Posts About the Dangers of Fluoride
Here’s a list of my posts about fluoride:
The End of Acne Book Review
The End of Acne: Video Interview with Melissa Gardner
Fluoride in Kombucha: Why I Stopped Drinking Kombucha and Tea
The Top 5 Sources of Fluoride: It’s Not Your Toothpaste or Drinking Water
Top 10 Dangers of Fluoride
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Share Your Thoughts
Do you go out of your way to avoid fluoride and fluoride dangers? If so, how do you limit your exposure? Share your thoughts in the comments below.
Source: Fluoride Action Network
Photo credits: Teefs! by makelessnoise, on Flickr, Soda by fimoculous, on Flickr, Baby Formula under 24 hour video surveillance by Roebot, on Flickr, Baby Formula under 24 hour video surveillance by Roebot, on Flickr