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A totally wrong diagnosis is a severe misdiagnosis. This occurs when you seek medical advice for a condition and are diagnosed as having an incorrect condition. Self-diagnosis has a very high risk of this form of total misdiagnosis, far moreso than a doctor's diagnosis.
A wrong disease misdiagnosis is the typical fear of people diagnosed with a condition for their symptoms. This can occur for any condition at all, and all conditions have a list of alternative diagnoses, and any given symptom may indicate numerous possible conditions. However, misdiagnosis occurs more commonly for certain conditions. There are certain groups of conditions that are under-diagnosed (missed as a diagnosis too often), or over-diagnosed (given as an incorrect diagnosis), or are simply difficult to diagnose.
Perhaps surprisingly, it is also possible to get diagnosed with a disease when in fact there is nothing wrong. This is less likely if you actually have symptoms, but there are various situations where you might seek medical advice without symptoms. A typical example is a regular checkup or a regular screening test. All forms of tests have false positives, when they indicate a problem when there isn't one, and a doctor's reliance on a single test can cause a misdiagnosis of a healthy person.
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