National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education, Washington, DC.
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The Johnson-O'Malley (JOM) Act of April 16, 1934, was a basic federal aid program specifically designed to provide funds to local off-reservation communities and other Indian-owned, tax exempt land areas where Indian tribal life was largely broken up and Indians were mixed with the general population. Funds were primarily earmarked for education but could be used for other purposes such as education, medical attention, agricultural assistance, and social welfare. In 1958, when P.L. 81-874 was amended to include assistance for educating Indian children, the JOM program became a supplemental aid program.