1917 Victrola model vv-ix Phonograph
Hand cranked phonographs such as this were popular from about 1890 to the 1930s. To play a record on a phonograph you must first first store energy in the springs by cranking the handle on the side of the machine. When the turntable brake is released the turntable accelerates up 78 rpm. The speed of the turntable is controlled by a flyball governor in the mechanism. The sound is transmitted completely without amplification. It travels along the arm of the phonograph, through a cast iron horn in the base of the machine, then out the front doors. Volume can be controlled by closing the doors partially. The volume is also dependent on the thickness of the needle. In order to protect the records it was recommended that needles were replaced after each playing.
1917 Victrola VV-IX playing "Oh You Beautiful Doll"