The New Providence colony was a Federation colony on the M-class planet Jouret IV with over nine hundred inhabitants. In 2366, all contact with this colony was lost.
On stardate 43989.1, the crew of the USS Enterprise-D, investigating this situation, discovered that the entire colony had been scooped off the face of the planet, comparable to the Borg attack on System J-25 prior to 2365, or the devastating attacks on the outposts in Sector 30 and Sector 31 in 2364.
It turned out that this disaster was in fact the beginning of the Borg incursion that led to the Battle of Wolf 359. (TNG: "The Best of Both Worlds", "The Best of Both Worlds, Part II")