Authors: Demkovych A.
This article presents the role of microbial factors in the development of inflammation in periodontal. The leading role in the formation of inflammation in the mouth belongs resistant obligate anaerobic and microaerophilic organisms. During invasion of bacteria produce compounds that reduce or completely block the activity of protective systems. Factors that induce prolonged inflammation and periodontal tissue destruction usually are attributed exo- and endotoxins by pathogenic bacteria, in particular Porphyromonas gingivalis, the number of which increases substantially in periodontal diseases, especially in fresh lesions. Identification of P. gingivalis indicates the progression risk of chronic inflammation in parodontum.
The aim of the work is to analyze the scientific literature data of the microbial etiology of periodontitis, for the development of the disease, a combination of these conditions: pathogenic bacteria in an amount sufficient to start the inflammatory process; living conditions in the mouth should contribute to the growth and reproduction of pathogenic organisms; in periodontal tissues should be absent microorganisms – bacteria parodontopatogenic antagonists; microorganisms have spatially localized so that they (or) their metabolic products could act directly on target cells; the human body must be sensitive to bacteria and their toxins. Gums have of features associated with the structure of this component periodontal mucosa. Found that in most places periodontal destruction and often occur P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, T. forsythensis, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum. P. melanogenica, V. parvula, Peptostreptococcus micros and others. Inflammation in periodontal tissues and is caused by microbial dental plaque. It with the development of periodontitis found to increase the number P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and T. forsythensis more than 100 times. Pathogenicity factors of is endotoxin, phospholipase A, that violates the integrity of the membrane epithelial cells and hemagglutinin protease and contributing active introduction of microorganisms in the periodontal tissues and their rapid destruction. Deep penetration of microorganisms in the gum tissue leads to a high probability relapse after therapy. P. gingivalis is one of the major pathogens involved in periodontitis. Predominance in tissues Porphyromonas gingivalis is a poor prognostic sign in typical forms of periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis – gramnegative anaerobic fixed coli, which belong to the family Porphyromonadaceae. The surface is covered with P. gingivalis fibrils. They are the most frequent, followed Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans, pathogens of chronic generalized periodontitis. Especially a lot of them can be found in fresh area destruction. They are most closely associated with chronic periodontitis from all the pathogens . Intracellular Porphyromonas gingivalis able to subdue the metabolism of cells that are directly relevant to the development of the disease. So, after the invasion of Porphyromonas gingivalis in gingival epitheliocytes is inhibited the secretion of interleukin-8 weakens periodontal natural protection. In the situation that created microorganism, loses signal the presence of bacteria and not sent white blood cells to destroy them. P. gingivalis may prevent migration polymorphonuclear leukocytes and through the epithelial barrier.
Key words: Periodontal, periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis, microbe, inflammation.
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