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- Main article: Peptides
Galanin is formed by the cleavage of a prepropeptide encoded by a gene known as GAL. It is involved in a number of physiological processes such as regulation of food intake, metabolism and reproduction, regulation of neurotransmitter and hormone release, nociception, intestinal contraction and secretion, and more recently in nervous system development and response to injury. This wide diversity of action is mediated by several galanin receptor subtypes.
Galanin is predominantly an inhibitory, hyperpolarizing neuropeptide and as such inhibits neurotransmitter release. Galanin is often co-localized with classical neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, serotonin and norepinephrine and also with other neuromodulators such as Neuropeptide Y, Substance P and Vasoactive intestinal peptide.
Galanin and its receptor are over expressed in limbic region of the brain in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. However it is not clear whether galanin exacerbates or is a protective response to the disease.
- ↑ Entrez Gene: GAL galanin.
- ↑ Counts SE, Perez SE, Ginsberg SD, De Lacalle S, Mufson EJ (May 2003). Galanin in Alzheimer disease. Mol. Interv. 3 (3): 137–56.
- ↑ Counts SE, Perez SE, Mufson EJ (June 2008). Galanin in Alzheimer's disease: neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65 (12): 1842–53.
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- Marti E, Gibson SJ, Polak JM, et al. (1988). Ontogeny of peptide- and amine-containing neurones in motor, sensory, and autonomic regions of rat and human spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and rat skin.. J. Comp. Neurol. 266 (3): 332–59.
- Beal MF, Clevens RA, Chattha GK, et al. (1988). Galanin-like immunoreactivity is unchanged in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia cerebral cortex.. J. Neurochem. 51 (6): 1935–41.
- Berrettini WH, Kaye WH, Sunderland T, et al. (1989). Galanin immunoreactivity in human CSF: studies in eating disorders and Alzheimer's disease.. Neuropsychobiology 19 (2): 64–8.
Angiotensin - Bombesin/Neuromedin B - Calcitonin gene-related peptide - Carnosine - Delta sleep-inducing peptide - FMRFamide - Galanin - Gastrin releasing peptide - Kinins (Bradykinin, Tachykinins ) - Neuromedin (B, N, U) - Neuropeptide Y - Neurophysins - Neurotensin - Opioid peptide - Pancreatic polypeptide - Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide
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