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The Rise and Fall of Imperialism in French-Indochina By Erich Zack Kaitlyn Geography of Indochina The region known as Indochina was made up of the countries Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. Fansipan mountain is the only major mountain Indochina has several small rivers with a large system in Cambodia that flows through southern Vietnam Reasons for Imperialism (general) The French felt that they had to be superior to the UK in all respects - the French believed that their culture was superior so they wanted to spread it all over, especially in the east. Reasons for imperialism (direct) The French wanted to protect religious missions in the Indochina area They wanted to find a southern route through china for more trade options They felt that Catholicism was in danger of extinction in the far east so they wanted to protect it. Indochina was full of tin, pepper, coal, cotton, and rice. The French were never very successful in the trade of these items How the French Gained Power -The French and British joined up to fight china in the second opium war with china. Vietnamese involvement with china led to France occupying part of southern Vietnam -France was given three provinces in southern Vietnam. Later named Cochin china. - French power spread through exploration -France asserted its dominance in the region by defeating china in the war of 1883 -France governed Cochin china (southern Vietnam) directly but also “protected” the regions of Northern Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. - At the peak of its control by France, Indochina was 50% larger than the mother country. How much power did France have? The French gave the province of French Indochina the political structure of a Colonial Protectorate Federation which gave them the autonomy of their own, and which meant they were protected from other countries by the French. Most of the government’s officials in French Indochina were really just figureheads, meaning that they didn't actually make decisions, they answered to the French. The French regulated all flow of goods in and out of country and had the golden triangle monopoly on opium which greatly increased France’s economy. Effects of imperialism on the native people During the French domination of the separate countries in French Indochina, there were several rebellions. The Kha Rebellion in 1901 took six years to put down and was later followed by the Tai rebellion in the Sam Neua province. · The French occupation of territories like Vietnam infuriated the general populace and raised levels of nationalism. · Effects of imperialism on the native people During the French control of Vietnam, only 1 percent of the general were granted French citizenship, but even they didn’t have all the same rights as the French. · Because of the French’s technology, the idea of Confucianism was left behind because many tenants were proved wrong by modern science. · A general loss of identity because the French got rid of many things like the monarchy which gave the countries a source of pride. How imperialism was removed The communist takeover of China in 1949 revived the fortunes of the Vietnamese Chinese military advisors began assisting the Vietminh in July 1950 By 1954, the U.S. had supplied 300,000 small arms and spent US$1 billion in support of the French military effort and was paying 80 percent of the cost of the war How imperialism was removed The battle of Dien Bien Phu marked the end of French involvement in Indochina After the French declined the American offer of nuclear weapons, they were forced to surrender to the Vietnamese. At the Geneva Conference the French negotiated a ceasefire agreement with the Vietnamese. Independence was granted to cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Current status of Indochina -Communist stategovernment -Ind. Day- 2 September 1945 (from France) Natural hazards occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta -Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world with a population of 86 million. They have a poor quality of life for the most part The government maintains a tight grip on the improving economy.