The main of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and not yet discover It is process from known to the unknown It is systematic efforts to gain some knowledge
In simple word research mean search again and again in a systematic manner for collected information on pre-determined topic.
OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH To know the truth To collected the information To increase the knowledge To know the answer of the question
TYPE OF RESEARCH Basically four type of research 1)descriptive vs analytical 2)applied vs fundamental 3)quantitative vs qualitative 4)conceptual vs empirical
DESCRIPTIVE VS ANALYTICAL In this we can describe In this we can analysis the situation the situation For describe the For analysis data , data situation ,we collected will be already the data through available(historical data) different collection methods For example-population data For ex-human behavior
APPLIED VS FUNDAMENTAL Applied research is Fundamental basically basically aim to find a concerned with solution for immediate generalization and problem facing by a formulation of theory. society and organization.
QUANTITATIVE VS QUALITATIVE Quantitative technique Qualitative technique generally generally used to measured used to measured the the quantity and quality or preference of amount consumer
CONCEPTUAL VS EMPIRICAL It is based on some it is relies on concept , idea and individuals researcher theory. this is basically and oneself used by philosopher observation without and researcher to built regard any theory and new concept system
PROCESS OF RESEARCH Design Research formulate Review the research Problems Hypothesi Literature & Sample s& design Objectives Interpret data Analyse Data Collect & Report & Test data Writing Hypothesis
WHAT IS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN METHOD VS METHODOLOGY?
METHODS VS METHODOLOGY1)Questioner Methodology is a2)Interview technique that give the3)Schedule detail which method is4)Observation relevant for which condition and where they effectivelya)Internal source applicable.b)External source
Basically two type of data collection method 1)primary data collection 2)secondary data collection
1) Primary data: The primary data are those which collected fresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. 2) Secondary data: The secondary data are those which have already collected by someone else and it is historical based data.
PRIMARY DATA(FEATURES) Fresh data First hand data Original data Current data More expensive, time consumed
SECONDARY DATA(FEATURES) Passed through many hands Old (historical) data Not original Less time consume Less cost
METHOD OF COLLECTED PRIMARY DATA There are four method 1) questionary method 2) interviews method 3) observation method 4) schedules method
OBSERVATION METHOD In simple observation involves planning, selection, watching, understanding and then recording.
INTERVIEW METHOD An interview is a conversation between two people (the interviewer and the interviewee) where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCHEDULE AND QUESTIONNAIRESchedule QuestionnaireDirect method of primary data Indirect Method of primary datacollection collectionDirect contact with respondent Response may be through post onlyLimited geographical area Largely dispersed areaHigh degree of reliability Less reliableHigh response to question Low responseHigh cost and time required Low costly and less time consuming
Secondary data means data that are already available and which have already collected and analyzed by someone else. COLLECTION OF SECONDARY DATASources of secondary Data: Sources Internal External Company Accounting Computerized Data Records Bases Company reports Reports of association In house Journal Govt. Publication Internal Computer Others publication databases Books/publi/projects reports
The term measurement means assigning numbers or some other symbols to the characteristics of certain objects. When numbers are used the researcher must have a rule for assigning a number to an observation in a way that provides an accurate description. There are two reasons for which numbers are usually assigned .1) Number permits statistical analysis of the data.2) They facilitate the communication of measurement results.3) For ex: preference of consumer
NOMINAL SCALE It basically assign the number. It doesn’t give any order or priorities to individual. For ex: . What is your gender? a) Male b) Female 3.In Which department do you worka) Marketing b) HR c) IT d) Operation 
ORDINAL SCALE In this type of scaling we can order or give priorities to the individual one. - If there are 4 different types of fertilizers and if they are ordered on the basis of quality as Grade A, Grade B, Grade C, Grade D .
ORDINAL VS INTERVAL Ordinal basically give But this assumption will order but it does not be cover by interval. The mean that interval time interval time is equal in will be equal in all levels all interval level For ex: They have one difficulty If ram position in his of comparison. class is 10 and sham is 40. it doesn’t said that ram position is four time goods than sham..
INTERVAL VS RATIO SCALE But this assumption will Easy to compare be cover by interval. The interval time is Easy to calculate equal in all interval level They have one difficulty of comparison.
SELF RATING SCALEThe dictionary meaning “ construct your own rating scales to gather data on certain program outcomes”.Self rating scale are;1) Graphic Rating2) Itemized rating scalea) Likert scaleb) Semantic Differential scalec) Stapels scaled) Multidimensional scalee) Thurston scalesf) Guttman Scaleg) The Q sort techniq