Glaucoma may be the second leading cause of loss of vision in the world. We provide a brief description of each technique highlighting its classification and overall performance metrics. The current and future study directions are summarized and discussed. 1 Intro Glaucoma is definitely a chronic attention disease in which the optic nerve is definitely gradually damaged. Glaucoma is the second leading reason behind blindness after cataract with around 60 million situations reported worldwide this year 2010 . It’s estimated that by 2020 about 80 mil people shall have problems with glaucoma . If undiagnosed glaucoma causes irreversible harm to the optic nerve resulting in blindness. As a result diagnosing glaucoma at first stages is really important for a proper management from the first-line treatment of the condition [2-4]. Accurate medical diagnosis of glaucoma needs three different pieces of examinations: (1) evaluation from the intraocular pressure (IOP) using get in touch with or non-contact tonometry also called “surroundings puff check” or Goldman tonometry (2) MK-5108 evaluation from the visible field and (3) evaluation from the optic nerve mind harm . Accurate medical diagnosis of glaucoma needs more control variables that’s gonioscopy and evaluation of retinal nerve fibre level (RNF) . Since both elevated-tension glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma may or might not raise the IOP the IOP alone is normally not an adequate screening or medical diagnosis method . Alternatively visible field examination needs special apparatus which is normally available just in tertiary clinics if they possess a fundus surveillance camera and OCT . In regimen practice sufferers with POAG could be manifested with inconsistent reviews between SAP and SD-OCT. In older higher C/D proportion larger glass quantity and lower rim region on SD-OCT seem to be connected with detectable VF harm. Furthermore additional worsening in RNFL variables may reinforce diagnostic persistence between SAP and SD-OCT . Which means optic nerve mind examination (cup-to-disc proportion) may be the most valuable method for analysis glaucoma structurally . The visual field test on the other hand diagnoses glaucoma functionally through detecting the damages carried out to the visual field. Determining the cup-to-disc percentage is definitely a very expensive and time consuming task currently performed only by professionals. Consequently automated image detection and assessment of glaucoma will become very useful. You will find two different methods for automatic image detection of the optic nerve head . The 1st approach is based on the very MK-5108 demanding process of image feature extraction for binary classification of normal and abnormal conditions. The second and more common approach however is based on medical indicators such as cup-to-disc ratio as well as inferior superior nose and temporal (ISNT) zones rule in the optic disc area . The optic disc is made of 1.2 million ganglion cell axons moving across the retina and exiting the eye through the scleral canal in order to transit the visual information to brain . Analyzing the optic CCL2 disc helps clarify the relationship between the optic nerve cupping and loss of visual field in glaucoma . The optic disc is definitely divided into three different areas: neuroretinal rim the cup (central area) and sometimes parapapillary atrophy . The cup-to-disc percentage (CDR) is the ratio of the vertical diameter of the cup to the vertical diameter of the disc . Different techniques have been utilized for optic disc (OD) optic cup (OC) or optic disc with optic cup segmentation. With this paper we MK-5108 critically review the OD and OC segmentation methodologies that instantly detect OD and OC boundaries. These techniques help experts with diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma by providing them with obvious and accurate info concerning the ONH structure. The uniqueness of this paper is in demonstrating the segmentation strategy by developing a flowchart for each technique. We expose the algorithms applied to OD and OC segmentation discuss the MK-5108 pros and cons of each method and provide suggestions for future study. The paper is definitely structured in five sections. In Section 2 we describe the materials used for analysis of metrics performance.