By Gary Patterson Carnegie Mellon University
Polymer technology is now an lively and thriving group of scientists, engineers and technologists, yet there has been a time, now not goodbye in the past, whilst there has been no such neighborhood. The prehistory of polymer technology is helping to supply key insights into present concerns and historic difficulties. the tale should be divided into an historical interval ( from Greek occasions to the construction of the molecular consensus), a nascent interval (from Dalton to Kekule to van’t Hoff) and a interval of paradigm formation and controversy (from Staudinger to Mark to Carothers). The prehistory concludes with an account of the epochal 1935 dialogue of the Faraday Society on “Polymerization”. After this assembly an energetic neighborhood engaged in attempting to remedy the relevant difficulties outlined through the discussions.
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Extra info for A Prehistory of Polymer Science
The scientific research community of protein scientists could have provided one of the natural homes for polymer science, but the range of paradigms still rampant at that time was large, and the community became rather insular with respect to the more general communities of chemists and physicists. While outstanding work at the Nobel level was going on in this community, such as the work by Dorothy Jordan-Lloyd on leather proteins, there were always many Dorothy Wrinches in the group! 36 3 The Faraday Society and the Birth of Polymer Science Fig.
Kuhn and the collaboration of Eugene Guth and Herman Mark. The so-called Staudinger viscosity Law was debunked both experimentally and theoretically. The consilience of great theory and sound experiments is one of the signs of a progressive research programme. Polymer science was clearly now in this category. The use of the ‘‘random walk model’’ for the conformation of flexible polymer molecules in solution was now under discussion and it has never left! The picture of the attendees at this Discussion includes more than 200 scientists.
Physical chemistry was dominated by the Ionists: Wilhelm Ostwald, Jacobus van’t Hoff and Svante Arrhenius. They had an entire field to found and chose solutions and chemical kinetics as the areas to pursue. Great physical chemists like Gilbert Lewis were occupied with thinking about small molecules; it is impossible to run, when it is already hard to walk! But, more general subjects like Thermodynamics were developed in such a way by Lewis and by Nernst, that when the time came to apply such analysis to polymers, Flory could simply rigorously proceed from first principles to the correct application.