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From the World Heritage inscription for Maritime Greenwich:
Symmetrically arranged alongside the River Thames, the ensemble of the 17th century Queen’s House, part of the last Royal Palace at Greenwich, the palatial Baroque complex of the Royal Hospital for Seamen, and the Royal Observatory founded in 1675 and surrounded by the Royal Park laid out in the 1660s by André Le Nôtre, reflects two centuries of Royal patronage and represents a high point of the work of the architects Inigo Jones (1573-1652) and Christopher Wren (1632-1723), and more widely European architecture at an important stage in its evolution. It also symbolizes English artistic and scientific endeavor in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Greenwich town, which grew up at the gates of the Royal Palace, provides, with its villas and formal stuccoed terraces set around St Alphege’s church rebuilt to Hawksmoor’s designs in 1712-14, a setting and approach for the main ensemble.
Inigo Jones’ Queen’s House was the first Palladian building in Britain, and also the direct inspiration for classical houses and villas all over the country in the two centuries after it was built.
The Royal Hospital laid out to a master plan developed by Christopher Wren in the late 17th century and built over many decades by him and other leading architects, including Nicholas Hawksmoor, is among the most outstanding group of Baroque buildings in England.
The Royal Park is a masterpiece of the application of symmetrical landscape design to irregular terrain by André Le Nôtre. It is well loved and used by residents as well as visitors to the Observatory, Old Royal Naval College and the Maritime Museum.
The Royal Observatory’s astronomical work, particularly of the scientist Robert Hooke, and John Flamsteed, the first Astronomer Royal, permitted the accurate measurement of the earth’s movement and also contributed to the development of global navigation. The Observatory is now the base-line for the world’s time zone system and for the measurement of longitude around the globe.
Maritime Greenwich is a really interesting place to visit. It is the location of the Prime Meridian and is where the clocks made by John Harrison, who solved the problem of longitude, are located. Greenwich is not connected to the underground but is easily accessible from central London by train or ferry. This is not on everyone’s itinerary when they visit London, but really should be.
The Maritime Greenwich is a collection of buildings in an outlying district in London. These buildings reflect the artistic and scientific endeavors in England during the 17th and 18th centuries. The entire property covers a total of more than 109 hectares in land area. There were several properties that were inscribed into this particular listing in 1997. These properties include the Queen’s House, Royal Naval College, National Maritime Museum and Royal Observatory, and the Greenwich Royal Park.
Aside from the importance of these buildings, they were also creations of some of England’s best architects at that time. Hence, this site encompasses a unique historic townscape.
How to Get Here
Getting to the Maritime Greenwich is very easy. From central London, you can travel by train and it will only take about 10 minutes. You can also take the boat and opt for a more fun journey to this UNESCO site. It will take you around the same amount of time to travel via rail.
Once you get to any one of the sites included in this UNESCO property, it is easy to get to the other buildings and structures. They are all within walking distance of each other.
About the Maritime Greenwich
As mentioned above, the Maritime Greenwich is composed of several historical structures and properties. You can find out more about each of these structures below:
The Royal Observatory
This is one of the most important structures within Maritime Greenwich. The Royal Observatory is home to a number of instruments that played a vital role in the astronomical measurement to determine the longitude and other navigational developments that was ahead of its time. These timepieces were invented by John Harrison to establish the longitude of the earth. All of the instruments that he used are contained within this observatory. Therefore, this building serves as one of Britain’s most important facility for the new developments on timekeeping/
This is a former royal residence that was built sometime in the early 17th century. It is located a few miles down the river from London by architect Inigo Jones. Construction this building was initially commissioned for Anne of Denmark, the queen of King James I. The Queens’ House is currently recognized as one of Britain’s most important architectural feature being the first ever classical building that was constructed in the country. It also features a combination of Roman, Palladian and Renaissance architectural style.
Royal Naval College
This building served as a Royal Naval training establishment from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. There were courses available here for those aspiring naval officers. In fact, there were also advanced training being done here for the naval officers. The college itself was founded in 1873 and the building was designed by architect Sir Christopher Wren. Initially, these buildings were designed to serve as the Greenwich Hospital to give care for the disabled sailors.
National Maritime Museum
The leading maritime museum in the UK, the National Maritime Museum is another important component of Maritime Greenwich. This is also considered as the largest museum of its kind in the world. The museum is a non-departmental public body that is run and managed by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport. This is the best museum to go to if you want to learn about Greenwich’s association with sea and navigation, which dates back to the earliest parts of history.
View the complete list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the UK.