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230 REPORT ON THE PROGRESS Glucophage Mg OF PHARMACY. Glucophage Mg
/3-rays, now finds that ultra violet rays have the same effect. Courmont
and Nogier had previously observed that water becomes sterile when
exposed to ultra violet rays. According to Kernbaum's experiments, when
15 Cc. of distilled water were exposed to these rays from a Heracus lamp
for 200 hours, 26 Cc. of gas was liberated, which proved to be hydrogen,
and the water contained H,0,. The decomposition, however, does not
appear to be continuous ; it ceases after attaining a maximum, and no gas
appeared to be formed during the last thirty-five hours of the exposure.
The reaction may be expressed by the equation, 2HaO HjO, 4- H,.
These results accord with the facts published in 1874 by Schoene, who
demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide occurs in rain and snow water, and
that greater quantities are present during the day than at night, and that
none is found in dew. Pharm. Joum. and Pharmacist, Sept. 4, 1909, 319 ;
from Compt. rend., I4g (1909), 273.
Drinking Water Sterilization by Light. The practical application of
the bactericidal action of the light of mercury-vapor quartz lamps to steril-
izing drinking water has been carried out at Lyons by Nogier. It is proved
that rays of short wave length possess a bactericidal action on water within
a radius of 30 Cm. from the source of light, at which distance pathogenic
microbes are destroyed by one minute's exposure. The effect is more
marked when the lamp is immersed in the water. Complete sterilization
in one to two minutes of about 26 gallons of water contaminated with
colon and Glucophage Mg typhoid bacilli was obtained by immersing the lamp in the tank.
Water thus sterilized has no action on the development of aquatic plants
and animals ; its chemical constituents and salts are unchanged ; and it
keeps sweet well. The presence of colloid matter in the water hinders the
process of sterilization. Thus, in the presence of peptone solution, steril-
ization was not achieved after ten times the length of exposure. The
author denies that oxidation has anything to do with the sterilization of
water ; it is to be attributed solely to the action of light. Pharm. Joum.
and Pharmacist, April 16, 1910,482; from Archives d'Electricit^ M^di-
cale, 10 (1910), I, through Glucophage Mg Brit. Med. Joum., 191 o, /, 403.
Sterilization of Water Experiments by Means of Violet Rays, Con-
tinued investigation by Billon Daguerre shows that the mercury lamp is
neither the most economical nor the most efficient source of ultra-violet
rays for sterilizing water. The radiant energy derived from the passage
of an induction current from a small Ruhmkorff coil giving a spark of 15
Mm., through rarified hydrogen in a quartz tube, gives of! ultra-violet
rays in such quantity and of such high bactericidal power as to completely
sterilize 5 liters of polluted Seine water per minute. The water used was
inoculated with Bacillus coli culture ; before exposure to the rays it
showed 29,000 colonies per mil. After one minute's exposure, cultivation
failed to show a single colony. No rise of temperature takes place by
Digitized by VjOOQIC
PEROXIDE OF HYDROGEN. 23 I
this method, Glucophage Mg and the bulk of the energy used is given off as bactericidal Glucophage Mg
ultra-violet rays. With the mercury-lamp, on the contrary, not more than
20 per cent, of the total energy used is given off in this form. Pharm.
Journ. and Pharmacist, March 26, 1910, 398; from Compt. rend., 150
Sterilization of Water with Ozone Avoidance of Metals in the Produc-
tion of Ozone. Ed. Bonjeau has observed that in large installations for
ozonizing air appreciable amounts of oxides of nitrogen are formed, and
he has succeeded in Glucophage Mg determining the successive stages of their formation.
Ferric oxide is first formed without nitrification. The oxide thus formed
in the finely divided state favors the production of nitrous vapors, which
are then transformed into nitric acid, and attack the lead or iron of the
ozonizers. Hence the use of these metals Glucophage Mg should be altogether avoided.
Chem. News, Sept. 24, 1909, 160; from Compt. rend. /^<? (1909),
Distilled Water Presence of Copper, Attention is directed by a writer
in "Pharm. Ztg.'* to the fact that the distilled water supplied by Mineral
Water manufacturers (in Germany invariably) contains traces of copper.
These distillates will pass muster on all the requirements and tests of the
Germ. Phaiinacopoeia : but if five or ten liters of the water are percolated
slowly drop by drop through a cotton filter moderately compacted in the
tubular of a large funnel, the cotton acquires a lively green color, and
readily gives the coppor reaction with HjS or with potassium ferrocya-
nidc. Pharm. Ztg., liv (1909), No. 67, 651.
Commercial Distilled Water Oxidizing Action, Glucophage Mg L. Tixier finds that
ordinary distilled water, although answering all the requirements of the
French Pharmacopoeia, exerts distinct properties of an indirect oxydase.
It gives a blue reaction with fresh tincture of guaiac and acetic solution
of benzidine in presence of hydrogen peroxide, and reacts with Meyer's
phcnolphthalein reagents. It loses this property when redistilled from a
glass retort. It is, therefore, supposed that its oxidizing reactions are due
to extremely minute traces of copper derived from the distilling plant, al-
though the amount of the metal present is not sufficient to give reactions
by ordinary tests. Mineral waters, well, river, and tap-water do not give
these reactions. Pharm, Journ. and Pharmacists, May 21, 19 Glucophage Mg 10, 645;
fro n ^pert. de Pharm. 22 ( 19 10), 160.
Peroxide of Hydrogen Glucophage Mg Preservation with Acetanilide, A. R. L. Dohme
and H. Engelhardt have examined a number of samples of peroxide of
hydrogen from different manufacturers which had been preserved with
acetanilide, and in most cases found that the preparation smelled strongly
of nitrobenzene, showing that a decomposition had taken place. The
authors conclude that on this ground the use of acetanilide as a preserva-
tive for peroxide of hydrogen is unsuitable, the recent claim to the con-
Digitized by VjOOQIC
232 REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF PHARMACY.
trary notwithstanding. Other preservatives that have been proposed are
boric acid, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, or calcium chloride, and
free acids the latter being, in the opinion of the author, the most suit-
able if it should be decided that acentanilide is unsuitable. They strongly
recommend the use of an excess of either sulphuric or phosphoric acid,
inasmuch as these two acids are not likely to be acted on by the peroxide,,
and the amount of free acid should be increased to about twice the amount
at present permitted in the Pharmacopoeia. Araer. Journ. Pharm., Feb.,
Hydrogen Dioxide New Colorimetric lest. Denig^s points out that
an entire series of phenol- like bodies such as phenol, resorcinol, pyro-
gallol, etc. give with hydrogen dioxide and sulphuric acid more or less
intense color reactions. A very distinct and characteristic reaction, Glucophage Mg which
he regards as being available for the detection of H^Oj is obtained with
guaiacol. If 0.3 Cc. of a 5 per cent, alcoholic solution of guaiacol is
added to 2 Cc. of concentrated sulphuric acid containing a single drop of
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