Physical Characteristics Of Water
The most abundant compound found in earth’s atmospheric surface is water. About 70 percent of earth’s surface is covered with water. The knowledge of water’s physical, chemical and biological characteristics is essential in better understanding of water and its usage in industries, communities, and commercial areas. If the fresh water is gray in color then it is referred as waste water. It has unpleasant odor and musty appearance. The waste water color changes from gray to black. The odor and foul characteristics of waste water shall result in formation of septic sewage water. The important physical characteristics of water are completely dependent on temperature and concentration of solid.
It is evident that temperature shall affect the chemical reactions and biological reactions. Solids like volatile suspended solids, total suspended solids and settable solids influence the treatment operation and size of the unit.
Solids: The composition of solid is variable. It may be either dissolved solid or suspended solid. The fraction and concentration of solid is variable. Knowledge of fractional solids and concentration of water help in proper selection of treatment process.
Total solids: The total solid is an addition of both total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS). The solid faction are classified further as volatile solids and fixed solid fractions. The solids that are left behind after evaporation in the dish are calculated as per the Standard methods.
Total suspended solids: Total suspended solid is also referred as non filterable residual solids. The important criterion of water and waste water treatment is TSS. The TSS of primary effluent is more than TSS of secondary effluent. The agitated sample is filtered through the filter paper and then dried in oven to find TSS.
Total dissolved solids: Total dissolved solids are also referred as filterable residues. The range of total dissolved solids is 250 – 850 mg/l.
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