Bandung (/ˈbɑːndʊŋ/) (Sundanese: ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ, Indonesian:
Bandung, Chinese: 萬隆, formerly Dutch: Bandoeng), is the capital of
West Java province in
Indonesia and Greater
Bandung made up of 2
municipalities and 38 districts, making it Indonesia's 3rd largest
metropolitan area with 8,201,928 inhabitants listed in the 2015 Badan
Pusat Statistik data. It is the nation's third most populous city,
with over 2.5 million (2015). Located 768 metres (2,520 feet) above
sea level, approximately 140 kilometres (87 miles) south east of
Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than most other
Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin surrounded by
volcanic mountains. This topography provides a natural defense system,
which was the primary reason for the
Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies government's
plan to move the colony capital from Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to
The Dutch colonials first established tea plantations around the
mountains in the eighteenth century, and a road was constructed to
connect the plantation area to the colonial capital Batavia (180
kilometres (112 miles) to the northwest). The Dutch inhabitants of
Bandung demanded the establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which
was granted in 1906, and
Bandung gradually developed into a resort
city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafés and
European boutiques were opened, hence the city was nicknamed Parijs
Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java").
Indonesia declared independence in 1945, the city experienced
rapid development and urbanization, transforming
Bandung from an
idyllic town into a dense 16,500 people/km2 (per square kilometer)
metropolitan area, a living space for over 8.5 million people. New
sky-scrapers, high-rise buildings, bridges, gardens have been
constructed. Natural resources have been heavily exploited,
particularly by conversion of protected upland area into highland
villas and real estate and, although the city has encountered many
problems (ranging from waste disposal and floods to a complicated
traffic system and lack of road infrastructure),
attracts large numbers of tourists, weekend sightseers and migrants
from other parts of Indonesia. The city has won a regional
environmental sustainability award for having the cleanest air among
other major cities in
ASEAN countries in 2017. . The city has also
become known as a Smart City, leveraging technology to improve
government services, including social media, that alert the
authorities to issues such as floods or traffic jams  
The first Asian-African Conference, also known as the Bandung
Conference was hosted in
Bandung by President Sukarno in 1955. Bandung
will be supporting as one of the host cities of the 2018 Asian
Games. The international airport redevelopment was completed in
2016. To improve infrastructure, the construction of a Jakarta-Bandung
High Speed Rail and
Bandung Metro Kapsul, a type of indigenous
Automated People Mover (APM) will begin in 2018. The new Bandung
Kertajati International Airport will also be completed as early as
2018, just in time for the games.
4.1 Administrative districts
6.1 Old buildings and structures
6.2 Modern high-rise buildings
8.2 Public transportation
8.5 Current and future development
9 Science and education
9.1 Colleges and universities
9.2 Primary and secondary schools
11 Environmental issues
12 Notable people
13 Twin towns – sister cities
16 External links
Bandung, the capital of
West Java province, located about 180
kilometres (110 mi) southeast of Jakarta, is the third largest
city in Indonesia. Its elevation is 768 metres (2,520 ft) above
sea level and is surrounded by up to 2,400 metres (7,900 feet) high
Quaternary volcanic terrain. The 400 km2
flat of central
Bandung plain is situated in the middle of 2,340.88
square kilometres (903.82 sq mi) wide of the
the basin comprises Bandung, the
Cimahi city, part of
West Bandung Regency, and part of
Sumedang Regency. The
basin's main river is the Citarum; one of its branches, the
Bandung from north to south before it merges with
Citarum again in Dayeuhkolot. The
Bandung Basin is an important source
of water for potable water, irrigation and fisheries, with its
6,147 million m3 (217.1 billion cu ft) of
groundwater being a major reservoir for the city. The northern
Bandung is hillier than other parts of the city, and the
distinguished truncated flat-peak shape of the Tangkuban Perahu
Tangkuban Perahu literally means 'upside-down boat') can be
seen from the city to the north. Long-term volcanic activity has
created fertile andisol soil in the north, suitable for intensive
rice, fruit, tea, tobacco and coffee plantations. In the south and
east, alluvial soils deposited by the Cikapundung river predominate.
Geological data shows that the
Bandung Basin is located on an ancient
volcano, known as Mount Sunda, erected up to 3,000–4,000 metres
(9,800–13,100 feet) during the
Pleistocene age. Two large-scale
eruptions took place; the first formed the basin and the second (est.
55,000 Before Present) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin
into a lake known as "the Great Prehistoric Lake of Bandung". The
lake drained away; for reasons which are the subject of ongoing debate
Main article: History of Bandung
Dago Waterfall near Bandung, date 1920-1932
Jalan Braga circa 1935-1938
The official name of the city during the colonial Dutch
period was Bandoeng.
The earliest reference to the area dates back to 1488, although
archaeological findings suggest a type of
Homo erectus species had
long previously lived on the banks of the
Cikapundung River and around
the old lake of Bandung. During the seventeenth and eighteenth
Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) established plantations
Bandung area. In 1786, a supply road connecting Batavia (now
Jakarta), Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung,
constructed. In 1809,
Napoleon Bonaparte, French Emperor and conqueror
of much of Europe including the
Netherlands and its colonies, ordered
the Dutch Indies Governor H.W.
Daendels to improve the defensive
Java to protect against the British in India. Daendels
built a road, stretching approximately 1,000 km (620 mi)
from the west to the east coast of Java, passing through
Bandung. In 1810, the road was laid down in
Bandung and was
named De Groote Postweg (or the 'Great Post Road'), the present-day
location of Asia-Afrika Street. Under Daendels' orders, R. A.
Wiranatakusumah II, the Chief Administrator of the
Bandung regency at
that time, moved office from Krapyak, in the south, to a place near a
pair of holy city wells (sumur Bandung), the present-day site of the
city square (alun-alun). He built his dalem (palace), masjid agung
(the grand mosque) and pendopo (public-official meeting place) in the
classical Sundanese orientation, with the pendopo facing Tangkuban
Perahu mountain, which was believed to have a mystical ambience.
In 1880, the first major railroad between Batavia and
completed, boosting light industry in Bandung. Chinese flocked
into the city to help run facilities, services and as vendors. The
area adjacent to the train station is still recognisable as the old
Chinatown district. In 1906,
Bandung was given the status of gemeente
(municipality) and then twenty years later stadsgemeente (city
Beginning of time the early 1920s, the
Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies government
made plans to move their capital from Batavia to Bandung. Accordingly,
during this decade, the Dutch colonial government commenced
construction of military barracks, the central government building
(Gouvernments Bedrijven, the present-day Gedung Sate) and other
government buildings. However, this plan, was cut short by World War
II, after which the Dutch were not able to re-establish their colony
due to the Indonesian Declaration of Independence.
The fertile area of the Parahyangan Mountains surrounding Bandung
supports productive tea plantations. In the nineteenth century, Franz
Junghuhn introduced the cinchona (kina) plant. With its cooler
elevated landscape, surrounded by major plantations,
Bandung became an
exclusive European resort area. Rich plantation owners visited the
city on weekends, attracting ladies and business people from the
Braga Street grew into a promenade street with
cafés, restaurants and boutique shops. Two art-deco style hotels,
Savoy Homann and Preanger, were built in the vicinity of the Concordia
Society, a club house for the wealthy with a large ballroom and a
theatre. The nickname "Parijs van Java" was given to the city.
Bandung Cathedral, seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bandung
Gedung Merdeka (Merdeka Building) during the Asian-African Conference
After the Indonesian Independence in 1945,
Bandung was designated the
West Java province. During the 1945-1949 independence
struggle against the
Netherlands seeking to retake its colonies in the
East Indies", some of the heaviest battles occurred in and
around Bandung. At the end of
World War II
World War II Dutch troops were virtually
absent in Java. To assist the restoration of Dutch sovereignty, the
British took a military hold on Java's major cities, and the British
military commander set an ultimatum for the Indonesian combatants in
Bandung to leave the city. In response, on 24 March 1946, much of the
southern part of
Bandung was deliberately set alight as the combatants
left; an event known as
Bandung Lautan Api or the '
Bandung Sea of
In 1955, the first
Asian-African Conference - also known as the
Bandung Conference - was hosted in
Bandung by President Soekarno, and
attended by the heads of states representing twenty-nine independent
countries from Asia and Africa. The conference venue was at the
Gedung Merdeka, the former Concordia Society building. The conference
announced 10 points of declaration for the promotion of world peace
promotion and for opposition against colonialism, and is known as the
Declaration of Bandung. This was followed by a wave of nationalism
movements around the globe which remapped world politics. The
conference was also the first international conference of people of
color in the history of mankind. Richard Wright in his book, The
Color Curtain, claims that there was epic meaning of the conference
for people of color around the world.
In 1987, the city boundary was expanded by the 'Greater Bandung'
Bandung Raya) plan; with a relocation of higher concentration
development zones outside the city in an attempt to dilute population
density in the old city. During this development, the city core was
often uprooted, with old buildings torn down, lot sizes regrouped and
rezoned, changing idyllic residential areas to commercial zones with
bustling chain supermarkets, malls, banks and upscale
In 2005, an
Asian-African Conference was partly held in Bandung,
attended by world leaders such as Indonesian President Susilo B.
Yudhoyono, President of
China Hu Jintao, Prime Minister of India
Manmohan Singh, President of
South Africa Thabo Mbeki, President of
Nigeria Obasanjo, and other luminaries.
Bandung experiences tropical monsoon climate (Am) according to Köppen
climate classification as the driest month precipitation total is
below 60 millimetres (2.4 in), bordering with subtropical
highland climate (Cfb). The wettest month is February with
precipitation total 255.0 millimetres (10.04 in), while the
driest month is September with precipitation total 50.0 millimetres
(1.97 in). The average temperature throughout the year tends to
be cooler than most cities in
Indonesia due to the altitude influence.
The average temperature throughout the year only has little variation
due to its location near the equator.
Climate data for Husein Sastranegara International Airport, Bandung,
Indonesia (temperature: 1972-1994, precipitation:
Record high °C (°F)
Average high °C (°F)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Average low °C (°F)
Record low °C (°F)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial
Sate Building, Bandung
The city area in 1906 was 19.22 square kilometres (7.42 square miles)
and by 1987 it was expanded to 167.2965 km2. The city
administration is divided into 30 districts (kecamatan) and 153
villages (kelurahan). For development purposes, the 30 districts are
grouped into 8 sub-city regions. The sub-city regions of Bandung
are Arcamanik, Cibeunying, Kerees, Kordon, Gedebage, Ujungberung,
Bojonagara and Tegalega. The mayor (walikota) leads the city
administration. Since 2008, city residents have directly voted for a
mayor; previously mayors were nominated and selected by the city
council - the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD). As of
2003, the total number of city administration personnel was
Bandung City is divided into 30 districts (kecamatan), listed
below with their populations at the 2010 Census:
Bandung Wetan (29,807)
Cibeunying Kaler (68,807)
Cibeunying Kidul (104,575)
Bandung Kidul (57,398)
Babakan Ciparay (143,203)
Bandung Kulon (138,644)
Bojongloa Kaler (117,218)
Bojongloa Kidul (83,600)
Ujung Berung (72,414)
In 2005 the population of
Bandung was 2,290,464, with a density of
13,693/km2 (35,465/sq mi). The May 2010 census enumerated
2,394,873 people. Based on data from the Indonesian Statistics
Department, the population of
Bandung in 2014 was 2,470,802,
Bandung the third largest city in Indonesia.
Population Density (per km2)
The Majority of Bandung's population are of Sundanese descent.
Javanese are the largest minority and mostly come from nearby Central
Java and the eastern part of Java. Other minorities include Minang,
Minahasan, Chinese, Batak, Malay, Korean, Indian, and Japanese.
Bandung also possesses significant international communities, compared
with other Indonesian cities.
See also: Indonesian architecture, List of colonial buildings in
Bandung, and List of tallest buildings in Bandung
Old buildings and structures
Bandung is home to numerous examples of Dutch colonial architecture;
most notably the tropical Art Deco, dubbed New Indies Style. Henri
Maclaine-Pont was among the first Dutch architects to recognise the
importance of combining each architectural style with local cultural
traditions. He stressed that modern architecture should interact with
local history and native elements. In 1920, Pont planned and
designed buildings for the first technical university in the Dutch
East Indies, Technische Hogeschool te
Bandung (the present-day
Institut Teknologi Bandung), after which he was named as a Professor
of Architecture at the university. A striking local Sundanese roof
style is clearly seen adorning the top of the campus' ceremonial hall,
and is embedded in his artwork.
The Savoy homann hotel architectural design by
Albert Aalbers in 1939
is one of the most significant examples of the Art Deco style for
Bandung is renowned
In the same year, another Dutch architect J Gerber designed
Gouverments Bedrijven (Government Companies) in line with the colonial
government plan to move the capital from Batavia to Bandung. The
building is an example of a harmonious mixture between West and East
architectural styles, particularly the
Italian Renaissance style of
arch structures in the wings and pendopo-like structures commonly
Java in the middle section. The building is known as Gedung
Sate, named after the distinguished small satay-shaped structure on
the roof, and is today used as the head office of the West Java
provincial government and House of Representatives.
The architectural blending of modern and native traditional was
followed by several Dutch architects who shaped the city landmarks. In
Bandung became known as an architectural laboratory due to
the many Dutch architects who experimented with new architectural
Albert Aalbers added the streamline moderne style to the Art
Deco by designing the DENIS bank (1936) and renovated the Savoy Homann
Hotel (1939). C.P.W. Schoemaker was one of architects who strongly
added native elements in his artworks, including the Villa Isola
(1932), Hotel Preanger (1929), the regional military headquarter
Gedung Merdeka (1921) and ITB Rectorate Building (1925).
Modern high-rise buildings
Bandung is known for its large number of old Dutch architecture
buildings, the city is going through high rise building boom recently.
At present there are more than 100 high rise building in the city and
many more under construction or planned.
The following list includes buildings in Bandung, which are completed
or topped off and which are above 300 ft 91 meters.
Galeri Cimbuleuit 2
At present the tallest building in Bandung
Parahyangan Residences A
Newton The Hybrid Park Apartment A
Tamansari Panoramic Apartment
Ibis Hotel Bandung
Newton The Hybrid Park Apartment B
Harris Hotel Ciumbuleuit
Crowne Plaza Hotel
Apartemen Galeri Ciumbuleuit III
The Trans Luxury Hotel
Newton Hybrid Park III
The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment I
The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment II
The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment III
The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment IV
Grand Asia Afrika Residence A
Grand Asia Afrika Residence B
Gateway Apartment A
Gateway Apartment B
Sudirman Suites Apartment
Apartemen Galeri Ciumbuleuit
Night view of
Bandung city center
Bandung is considered a major & significant cultural hub in
Indonesia. Most people in the surrounding province of
West Java are
Sundanese language is often spoken as the first language
and is commonly used as informal language for communication in
streets, school, campus, work and markets, while
Indonesian—Indonesia's national language and a lingua franca among
its many ethnic units—is used as the lingua franca, the official
language and the language of government, businesses, and instruction
Denim store, Cihampelas Street
Bandung is a popular weekend destination for residents of Jakarta. The
cooler climate of the highland plantation area, the varieties of food,
the cheaper fashion shops located in factory outlets and distros, golf
courses, and the zoo, are some of the attractions of the city.
Bandung is also a popular shopping destination due to cheap textile
and fashion products, especially for Malaysian and Singaporean
In the 1990s, local designers opened denim clothing stores along
Cihampelas Street, which was transformed into a "jeans street". The
city attracts people from other big cities to buy local fashion wares,
as they are cheaper than branded items. Beside at Cihampelas
Street, many factory outlets also opened at Riau Street, Setiabudi
Djuanda Street (known as Dago). Textile factories on the
Bandung have opened factory outlets on site selling what
is marketed as sisa export (rejected or over-produced export quality
items). Trans Studio Mall,
Bandung Indah Plaza, Cihampelas Walk ,
Java Mall and id:23 Paskal Shopping Center are popular
shopping centres in Bandung.
Significant tourist sites near
Bandung include the Tangkuban Prahu
volcano crater to the north, the striking
Kawah Putih volcano lake,
and Patenggang Lake, a lake surrounded by tea plantations about 50
kilometres (31 miles) to the south of the city.
To view the
Bandung Basin clearly in its mountain surroundings,
visitors travel to the Bongkor protected forest area (kawasan hutan
lindung), Saung Daweung and Arcamanik; to the slopes of West
Manglayang Mountain in an area known as Caringin Tilu, with entry from
Padasuka and Cicaheum to the north. The forest is located in 1,500
metres (4,900 feet) above sea level and is covered with pine trees
managed by a government corporation Perhutani and can be accessed with
30 minutes drive from downtown. Visitors going to the north of
the city also find Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda. The Cicaheum area
also hosts Bukit Moko, a tourist spot famous for its views and its
steel statue of a giant star called Puncak Bintang.
several museums that should be visited by tourists, such as the
Geological Museum of Bandung, the
Indonesia Postal Museum, Sri Baduga
Museum, and the
Asian-African Conference Museum.
Floating market where local foods, snacks & items like clothing
are carried by sellers on boats.
Opening National Paralympic Week 2016 (XV) in Siliwangi Stadium,
Bandung is the home town of the Persib Bandung, a professional
football club which currently competes in the highest tier of
Indonesian football, the Liga 1 (formerly known as the
League (ISL)). Other popular sports in
Bandung include badminton. The
JNE Bandung Utama
JNE Bandung Utama competes in the
Indonesian Basketball League
Indonesian Basketball League and
plays its home games in the GOR Citra Arena. The roads leading up to
Lembang and Dago are popular routes for mountain cycling during the
weekend, especially since Jalan Ir.H.
Djuanda is zoned for car free day
on Sunday mornings. In the hills around Bandung, there are several
See also: List of radio stations in Bandung, Indonesia
Bandung has several local daily newspapers, including Pikiran Rakyat,
Galamedia and Tribun Jabar. Several national and local television
stations operate in Bandung, including Trans 7, Trans TV, NET., tvOne,
RCTI, SCTV, Indosiar, ANTV, MNCTV, GTV, Metro TV, RTV
Rajawali Televisi Network),
Kompas TV Jawa Barat (a Kompas TV
Network), and TVRI. Many radio stations broadcast from Bandung, INTV
Bandung (a INTV Network).
Cable TV is widely available by several
service providers serving wide range of international channels such as
CNN, BBC, Fox (channel), MTV, CNBC, Bloomberg, CGTN, NHK, SBS, CNA and
Bandung was featured in the 9th and 10th leg of the
American reality series The Amazing Race 23.
Bandung can be accessed by highways from Jakarta. An intercity toll
highway called Cipularang toll road, connecting Jakarta, Karawang,
Purwakarta, Padalarang and Bandung, was completed in May 2005 and is
the fastest way to reach
Bandung from the capital by road. Driving
time is about 1.5 hours on average. There are three other options: the
Puncak route (Jakarta-Cianjur/Sukabumi-Bandung),
and the Subang route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Subang-Lembang-Bandung). From
cities further east (Cirebon,
Tasikmalaya and Central
Bandung can be accessed through the main provincial road. Indonesian
National Route 3 links
Bandung with the rest of
Java towards Cilegon
and Ketapang (Banyuwangi).
Pasupati Bridge was built to relieve traffic congestion in the
city for east-west transport. The 2.8-kilometre (1.7 mi)
cable-stayed bridge lies through the Cikapundung Valley. It is 30 to
60 metres (98 to 197 feet) wide and, after extensive delays, it was
finally completed in June 2005, following financial investment from
Kuwait. The bridge is part of Bandung's comprehensive inner-city
Taxis and mobile apps transport are widely available. The primary
means of public transportation is by minibus, called angkot (from
angkutan 'transportation' and kota 'city'). They are privately
operated and cheap, serving multiple routes throughout the city, but
are basic transport and not known for being comfortable. To find
exact angkot routes, information is available through the drivers or
at terminals. City-owned buses, called DAMRI, operate on longer high
Bandung has 2 intercity bus terminals: Leuwipanjang,
serving buses from the west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the
east. Both are at full capacity and are to be replaced by a new
terminal at Gedebage on 15 hectares (37 acres) land, after which the
old terminals will function as inner city terminals. The new terminal
will be located next to the Gedebage railway station near of Gedebage
container dry port.
Husein Sastranegara International Airport
Husein Sastranegara International Airport serves direct
domestic flights to Batam, Pekanbaru, Medan, Bandar Lampung, Surabaya,
Yogyakarta, Denpasar, Semarang, Banjarmasin, Makassar, and also
international services to/from
Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. The airport
is located near the Dirgantara aerospace complex and Dirgantara
Bandung has two large railway stations,
Bandung and Kiaracondong
Stations. Other smaller stations are Cimindi, Andir, Ciroyom,
Cikudapateuh, and Gedebage Stations (only for freight service).
Railway lines connect
Bandung to Cianjur, Jakarta, Purwakarta, Bekasi,
Cikampek to the west, and Surabaya, Malang, Yogyakarta
and Solo to the east. It is also a major means of transportation for
people living in the suburban areas of Cimahi, Padalarang, Rancaekek,
Cicalengka and Cileunyi. In 2012
Bandung Commuter Train phase-1 was
scheduled to be built to connect Padalarang, Cimahi,
Cicalengka with 13 Trans Metro
Bandung bus corridors to serve as
feeders. Phase-2 will connect Cicalengka to Jatinangor.
Current and future development
32 bus shelters for Trans Metro
Bandung (similar to TransJakarta)
along Soekarno-Hatta street were finished in August 2011 at a cost of
Rp13.1 billion ($1.54 million). Thirty additional buses joined the
existing operation of 10 buses, after all the shelters were
On 21 June 2011 Damri launched two buses on the Cibiru-Kebon Kelapa
specially for women passengers only with women drivers.
On 5 August 2011
Jusuf Kalla announced that he would like to build a
Bandung with value of Rp4 trillion ($470 million).
As of April 2012[update], a cable car project '
to connect Pasteur (Cihampelas) to Sabuga (Taman Sari) was said to be
90 percent complete and awaiting legal authorization to operate.
However, as of 2016[update], the project has still to be realised. To
ease Cihampelas traffic congestion, a skywalk for pedestrians only
from Cihampelas to Tamansari was built with budget of Rp45 billion.
The skywalk, named Teras Cihampelas, was inaugurated by the mayor of
Bandung, Ridwan Kamil, on 4 February 2017. Vehicles will be able
to be parked at Tamansari.
Bandung City has also announced an intention to build LRT (Light Rail
Science and education
Institut Teknologi Bandung
There are hundreds of public and private schools in
several state-funded and administered Junior High Schools (SMP Negeri)
and State High Schools (SMA Negeri). At least sixteen
universities—three of which are state-owned—and 45 professional
schools are scattered across the city. Education from social sciences
and technology to tourism education can be found at one of those
Colleges and universities
Among the universities located in
Bandung are: Institut Teknologi
Bandung Institute of Technology), Universitas Padjadjaran
(Padjadjaran University), Parahyangan Catholic University, Universitas
Islam Bandung, (
Bandung Islamic University), Universitas Kristen
Maranatha (Maranatha Christian University), Universitas Islam
Nusantara (Nusantara Islamic University), Universitas Pendidikan
Indonesia University of Education), Universitas Islam
Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati (Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State
University), Universitas Pasundan (Pasundan University), Institut
Teknologi Telkom (Telkom Institute of Technology), Politeknik Negeri
Bandung State Polytechnic), and Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata
Bandung Institute of Tourism), all being considered among the
best universities in their respective fields of specialty in
Indonesia. Established 1920,
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Institut Teknologi Bandung is Indonesia's
oldest and most prestigious technical university. Universitas
Indonesia (formerly IKIP Bandung, established in 1954) is
one of the first institutions of higher education established after
Indonesian independence and is currently a leading education
university in the country.
Universitas Padjadjaran (established in
1956) is considered to be one of the best universities in the country
in the fields of Medicine, Law, Communication, and Economics.
Primary and secondary schools
Bandung Alliance Intercultural School
Bandung Independent School
Bandung Japanese School
Bina Bangsa School Bandung
Deutsche Schule Bandung (defunct)
In the north of Bandung,
Bosscha Observatory is the only observatory
in Indonesia. Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was
completed in 1928. In 1922, the first international publication from
Bosscha Observatory was published and in 1959, the observatory was
absorbed as a part of the Department of
Astronomy at Institut
Bandung Institute of Technology).
Bandung economy is mainly built upon tourism, business, creative
industry, hi-tech and manufacturing industries, educational
institutions, technology, retail services, financial services,
pharmaceutical companies, and food production.
Bandung has nearly 50 higher educational institutions and is among the
most popular destination for education in Indonesia. The once quiet
residential district of Dago has become an important business and
entertainment centre with chic cafés and restaurants spread out along
Dago Street. In the early 1990s Cihampelas Street became a popular
clothing store location and remains so to this day.
Creative culture has shaped some of the
Bandung economy. Small
businesses known as "distro" sell non-trademarked products made by
local designers. Books, indie label records, magazines, fashion
products and other accessories are typical distro products. Distros
are popular with young people and distance themselves from factory
outlets in term of philosophy. Distros arise from individual designers
and young entrepreneurs, while factory outlet products are from large
scale garment factories.
Bandung city administration has agreed to substantially develop
seven industrial and trade areas, for
Bandung specialty products:
Binongjati Knitting Industrial and Trade Center
Cigondewah Textile Trade Center
Cihampelas Jeans Trade Center
Suci (T and Oblong) Shirt Industrial Center
Cibaduyut Shoes Industrial Center
Cibuntu Tofu and Tempeh Industrial Center
Sukamulya Sukajadi Doll Industrial Center
The north of the city serves as a water reservoir for Bandung,
however, the area has seen substantial residential development.
Several attempts to protect this area have been made, including the
creation of reserves such as the Juanda National Park and Puncrut, but
development continues. Regular flooding in Bandung's south also
presents a real and dangerous ongoing problem.
Bandung faced another environmental disaster, when the
city's land fill site was reevaluated after a garbage slide in 2005
which buried a village, Kampung Gajah, beneath it, killing over a
hundred people. The accumulation of 8,000 m3/d
(3,300 cu ft/ks) of domestic garbage piled up, causes severe
air pollution by local burning, the spread of disease, and water
contamination. The provincial government has so far failed in its
attempts to solve the garbage issue.
Nevertheless, it was awarded in 2015 as the least polluted city in the
country from the forestry and environment ministry, and a further
regional award in 2017 was also given from
ASEAN as the cleanest air
among other major cities in
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (February 2018)
See also: Category:People from Bandung.
Twin towns – sister cities
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help
improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2017) (Learn
how and when to remove this template message)
Main article: List of twin town and sister cities in Indonesia
Bandung has sister relationships with a number of towns worldwide:
Fort Worth, United States
Cotabato City, Philippines
Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
1997: Adipura Award – for the achievement of the cleanest city in
2015: Adipura Award – for the achievement of the cleanest city in
The Adipura consists of a trophy and an award.
^ Data Sensus Penduduk 2010 - Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia
Bandung Wins Cleanest Air Award From Asean".
Retrieved 13 September 2017.
^ Chandran, Nyshka (13 September 2017). "Architect-turned-mayor
transforms his hometown into Indonesia's least bureaucratic city".
CNBC. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
^ Valentina, Jessicha (March 2, 2017). "
Bandung is Indonesia's leading
smart city: Eco-architect". The
Jakarta Post. Retrieved 24 January
^ W.A. van der Kaars & M.A.C. Dam (1995). "A 135,000-year record
of vegetational and climatic change from the
Bandung area, West-Java,
Indonesia". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 117
(1–2): 55–72. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(94)00121-N.
^ a b Setiawan Wangsaatmaja, Arief D. Sutadian and Maria A.N.
Prasetiati. "Groundwater Resource Management in Bandung". Sustainable
Groundwater Management in Asian Cities. Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies. Archived from the original on 2 September
2006. Retrieved 21 August 2006.
^ M.N. Kartadinata; M. Okuno; T. Nakamura; T. Kobayashi (2002).
"Eruptive History of
Tangkuban Perahu Volcano, West Java, Indonesia: A
Preliminary Report" (PDF). Journal of Geography. 111 (3): 404–409.
doi:10.5026/jgeography.111.3_404. Archived from the original (PDF) on
23 August 2006. Retrieved 21 August 2006.
^ Dam, M.A.C. (1994). "The Late
Quaternary Evolution of the Bandung
Basin, West Java, Indonesia". Ph.D. Thesis. Universiteit van
^ van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949). The Geology of Indonesia, Vol. 1A,
^ "Sangiangtikoro is not The Leaking Point of The Old
(in Indonesian). Pikiran Rakyat. 27 October 2005. Archived from the
original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 20 July 2006.
^ B. Brahmantyo; E. Yulianto and Sudjatmiko (2001). "On the
geomorphological development of Pawon Cave, west of Bandung, and the
evidence finding of prehistoric dwelling cave". JTM. Archived from the
original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2008.
^ "Pramoedya sheds light on dark side of
Daendels highway". The
Jakarta Post. 8 January 2006.
^ Peter .J.M Nas; Pratiwo (2001). "
Java and De Groote Postweg, La
Grande Route, The High Military Road" (PDF). University of Leiden.
Retrieved 22 June 2009.
^ Kunto, Haryanto (1984). Wajah
Bandung Tempoe Doeloe. Granesia.
^ a b Soemardi, Ahmad R.; Radjawali, I (2004). "Creative culture and
urban planning: The
Bandung Experience" (PDF). The eleventh
International Planning History Conference 2004. Retrieved 21 August
2006. [permanent dead link]
^ "If Only Junghuhn Knows How
Indonesia Becomes..." (in
Indonesian). Pikiran Rakyat. 7 June 2004. Archived from the original
on 17 May 2006. Retrieved 21 August 2006.
^ a b "An Extremely Brief Urban History of Bandung". Institute of
Indonesian Architectural Historian. Archived from the original on 16
July 2006. Retrieved 20 August 2006.
^ Sitaresmi, Ratnayu. "Social
History of Bandung
History of Bandung Lautan Api (Bandung
Sea of Fire) 24 March 1946" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on
3 June 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
^ Jamie Mackie, '
Bandung 1955: Non-Alignment and Afro-Asian
Solidarity', Singapore, Editions Didier Millet,
^ Jason Parker (2006). "Cold War II: The Eisenhower Administration,
Bandung Conference, and the Reperiodization of the Postwar Era".
Diplomatic History. 30 (5): 867–892.
^ a b Richard Wright (1995). The Color Curtain: A Report on the
Bandung Conference. University Press of Mississippi.
^ a b Discover
Bandung Archived 7 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
^ "INDONESIA - HUSEIN SASTRANEG". Centro de Investigaciones
Fitosociológicas. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ a b "
Bandung Dalam Angka (
Bandung in Numbers)" (Press release) (in
Indonesian). Bureau of Statistics. 2003. Retrieved 15 January
^ Dinas Penataan Ruang Kota
Bandung (2017-02-10). "Data Spasial Sub
Wilayah Kota Bandung".
Portal Data Bandung.
^ : DATA KECAMATAN DI LINGKUNGAN PEMERINTAH KOTA BANDUNG: Berdasarkan
^ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
^ Profil Daerah Jawa Barat Archived 30 December 2013 at the Wayback
Bandung Kota Terpadat di Jawa Barat
^ "Jumlah Pendududuk Menurut Jenis Kelamin Dan Kecamatan Di Kota
Bandung 2011-2014". Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Bandung. Badan Pusat
Statistik Kota Bandung. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
^ a b c W. Wangsadinata & T.K. Djajasudarma (1995). "Architectural
Design Consideration for Modern Buildings in Indonesia" (PDF). INDOBEX
Conf. on Building Construction Technology for the Future: Construction
Technology for Highrises & Intelligence Buildings. Jakarta.
Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 18 January
^ "High-rise buildings in Bandung".
^ "Galeri Cimbuleuit 2".
^ "Parahyangan Residences A".
^ "Newton The Hybrid Park Apartment A".
^ "Tamansari Panoramic Apartment".
^ "The Jarrdin Apartment".
^ "Grand Asia Afrika Residence A".
Java Experience http://travel.ciao.co.uk/Java_Experience_5297272_5
^ Malaysians flock to
Bandung to shop
^ Asia Travel http://www.asiatravel.com/bandinfo.html
^ The Lively Pulse of
Bandung "Archived copy". Archived from the
original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-28.
^ "Pinus yang Mengiurkan". 21 August 2014.
^ "The Wind Breeze of Bongkor Forest". 1 September 2014.
Kuwait Investasikan 1,5 Milyar Dollar AS di Indonesia" [Kuwait
invested USD 1.5 billion in Indonesia]. Kompas (in Indonesian). 14
October 2002. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved
23 August 2006.
Bandung Transport and Car Rental: Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
^ "Bappeda Targetkan Studi Kelaikan Terminal Gedebage Selesai Tahun
Ini". Pikiran Rakyat. 2 June 2011. Archived from the original on 24
^ "Transportasi Kota – KRL Komuter
Bandung Dibangun". Koran Jakarta.
29 November 2011. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012.
^ "Shelter Trans Metro
Bandung Ditargetkan Rampung Akhir Agustus
2011". Pikiran Rakyat. 21 July 2011. Archived from the original on 24
Bandung introduces women-only buses The
Jusuf Kalla Siapkan Rp 4 Triliun untuk Monorel
Bandung Skybridge" akan Direalisasikan". Pikiran Rakyat. 20 April
2012. Archived from the original on 22 April 2012.
^ Saokani, Kukuh (5 February 2017). "Skywalk Cihampelas
untuk Manjakan Pejalan Kaki". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved
18 March 2017.
Bandung Skywalk Tahap Pertama Dibangun di Cihampelas". 8 February
Bundestag 4. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672" (Archive).
Bundestag (West Germany). 23 June 1965. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. p.
^ "From Indie to Magic" (in Indonesian). Kompas. 22 August 2003.
Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 21 August
^ "Tujuh Sentra Industri Jadi Ciri
Bandung 2013". 6 March 2012.
^ Fahmudin, Agus; Wahyunto. "Evaluation of Flood Mitigation Function
of Several Land Use Systems in Selected Areas of West Java, Indonesia"
Japan / OECD Expert Meeting on Land Conservation Indicators.
^ SP 18 May 2006 http://www.sp18.com/2006/05/
^ "Trash in
Bandung Fears Uncollected" (in Indonesian). Pikiran
Rakyat. 23 February 2005.
Bandung Ocean of Flame to the Ocean of Trash" (in Indonesian).
Kompas. 25 March 2005. Archived from the original on 25 June
Bandung Wins Cleanest Air Award From Asean". Retrieved September
^ "Fort Worth". Sister Cities International. Retrieved 11 April
^ "Braunschweigs Partner und Freundschaftsstädte" [
Partner and Friendship Cities]. Stadt
Braunschweig [City of
Braunschweig] (in German). Archived from the original on 2012-12-01.
^ "A second sister city for PJ". starproperty.my. Archived from the
original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
Bandung ink sister-city partnership"
Bandung Berupaya Raih Kembali Adipura". Pikiran Rakyat
Online. Retrieved 2016-01-08.
Bandung Raih Penghargaan Adipura :: Bandung.go.id
Portal Resmi Kota Bandung". portal.bandung.go.id. Retrieved
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bandung.
Bandung travel guide from Wikivoyage
Event dan Kuliner Bandung
Regencies and cities of West Java
See also: List of regencies and cities of Indonesia
Indonesian cities with a 200,000+ population
2,000,000 and more