Slide1: By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Slide2: The Spirit of the Age (1790-1850) A sense of a shared vision among the Romantics.
Early support of the French Revolution.
Rise of the individual alienation.
Dehumanization of industrialization.
Radical poetics / politics an obsession with violent change. Slide4: Enlightenment Society is good, curbing violent impulses! Civilization corrupts! Romanticism Early 19c A Growing Distrust of Reason The essence of human experience is subjective and emotional.
Human knowledge is a puny thing compared to other great historical forces.
“Individual rights” are dangerous efforts at selfishness the community is more important. Slide5: The Romantic Movement Began in the 1790s and peaked in the 1820s.
Mostly in Northern Europe, especially in Britain and Germany.
A reaction against classicism.
The “Romantic Hero:”
Greatest example was Lord Byron
Tremendously popular among the European reading public.
Youth imitated his haughtiness and rebelliousness. Slide6: Characteristics of Romanticism The Engaged & Enraged Artist:
The artist apart from society.
The artist as social critic/revolutionary.
The artist as genius. Slide7: Wandering Above the Sea of Fog Caspar David Friedrich, 1818 Slide8: Lady Macbeth - Henry Fuseli, 1794 Slide10: Characteristics of Romanticism The Individual/ The Dreamer:
Individuals have unique, endless potential.
Self-realization comes through art
Artists are the true philosophers. Slide11: The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835 Slide12: Solitary Tree Caspar David Friedrich, 1823 Slide14: Characteristics of Romanticism Glorification of Nature:
Peaceful, restorative qualities [an escape from industrialization and the dehumanization it creates].
Awesome, powerful, horrifying aspects of nature.
Indifferent to the fate of humans.
Overwhelming power of nature. Slide15: An Avalanche in the Alps Philip James de Loutherbourg, 1803 Slide16: Sunset After a Storm On the Coast of Sicily – Andreas Achenbach, 1853 Slide17: The Deluge Francis Danby, 1840 Slide18: Tree of Crows Caspar David Friedrich, 1822 Slide19: The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice) Caspar David Friedrich, 1821 Slide20: Shipwreck – Joseph Turner, 1805 Slide21: The Raft of the Medusa Théodore Géricault, 1819 Slide22: The Eruption of Vesuvius - John Martin Slide24: Isaac Newton – William Blake, 1795 Slide25: Dr. Frankenstein’s Adam & Eve?? Slide27: Rain, Steam, and Speed Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1844 Slide28: Rain, Steam, & Speed (details) Slide29: The Slave Ship Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1842 Slide30: The Slave Ship (details) Slide32: Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817 Slide33: The Corn Field John Constable, 1826 Slide34: The Hay Wain - John Constable, 1821 Slide36: Characteristics of Romanticism Revival of Past Styles:
Gothic & Romanesque revival.
“Neo-Gothic” architectural style.
Medieval ruins were a favorite theme for art and poetry. Slide37: Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s Ground John Constable, 1825 Slide38: Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows John Constable, 1831 Slide39: Hadleigh Castle - John Constable, 1829 Slide40: Eldena Ruin Gaspar David Friedrich, 1825 Slide41: Winter Landscape with Church Gaspar David Friedrich, 1811 Slide42: British Houses of Parliament 1840-1865 Slide44: Characteristics of Romanticism The Supernatural:
Ghosts, fairies, witches, demons.
The shadows of the mind—dreams & madness.
The romantics rejected materialism in pursuit of spiritual self-awareness.
They yearned for the unknown and the unknowable. Slide45: Cloister Cemetery in the Snow Caspar David Friedrich, 1817-1819 Slide46: Abbey in an Oak Forest Caspar David Friedrich, 1809-1810 Slide47: Mad Woman With a Mania of Envy
Theodore Gericault, 1822-1823 Slide48: Pity - William Blake, 1795 Slide49: The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with the Sun William Blake, 1808-1810 Slide50: Stonehenge - John Constable, 1836 Slide51: Nightmare (The Incubus) Henry Fuseli, 1781 Slide52: Manfred and the Witch of the Alps John Martin - 1837 Slide53: Witches Sabbath Francisco Goya, 1798 Slide54: Procession of Flagellants on Good Friday Francisco Goya, 1793 Slide55: Saturn Devours His Son Francisco Goya, 1819-1823 Slide57: Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi Eugène Delacroix, 1827 Slide58: Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix, 1830 Slide59: Detail of the Musket Bearer Delacoix, himself Slide60: The Rise of the Cartheginian Empire Joseph Turner, 1815 Slide61: His Majesty’s Ship, “Victory” (Trafalgar) - John Constable, 1806 Slide62: An Officer of the Imperial Horse Guard Théodore Géricault, 1814 Slide63: Napoleon at the St. Bernard Pass
David, 1803 Slide64: The Shooting of May 3, 1808 Francisco Goya, 1815 Slide65: Pandemonium - John Martin, 1841 Slide67: Characteristics of Romanticism Exoticism:
The sexy “other.”
A sense of escape from reality.
A psychological/moral justification of imperialism? Slide68: Grand Canal, Venice Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1835 Slide69: Massacre of Chios - Eugène Delacroix, 1824 Slide70: The Fanatics of Tangiers Eugène Delacroix, 1837-1838 Slide71: The Sultan of Morocco and His Entourage Eugène Delacroix, 1845 Slide72: Women of Algiers in Their Apartment Eugène Delacroix, 1834 Slide73: The Turkish Bath Jean Auguste Ingres, 1852-1863 Slide74: The Bullfight - Francisco Goya Slide75: Charge of the Mamelukes, May 2nd, 1808 Francisco Goya, 1814 Slide76: The Royal Pavillion at Brighton John Nash, 1815-1823 Slide78: God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794 Slide79: Elohim Creating Abraham William Blake, 1805 Slide80: Body of Abel Found by Adam and Eve William Blake, 1825 Slide81: Faust and Mephistopheles Eugène Delacroix, 1826-1827 Slide82: The Seventh Plague of Egypt John Martin, 1823 Slide83: The Cathedral Gaspar David Friedrich, 1818 Slide84: The Cathedral (details) Gaspar David Friedrich, 1818 Slide85: The Great Age of the Novel Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte (1847) Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte (1847)
Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott (1819) Les Miserables - Victor Hugo (1862) The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844) Slide86: The Great Age of the Novel Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817) Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897)
Novel of Purpose: Hugh Trevar - Thomas Holcroft (1794) Slide88: Other Romantic Writers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Grimm’s Fairy Tales (1814-1816) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Faust (1806-1832) Slide89: The Romantic Poets Percy Byssche Shelley
Lord Byron (George Gordon)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
William Blake Slide90: George Gordon’s (Lord Byron) Poem
The Prisoner of Chillon Slide91: Mary Shelley
Frankenstein Slide92: Sir Walter Scott
Ivanhoe Slide93: William Wordsworth’s Poem,
Tintern Abbey Slide94: Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Poem,
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Slide96: The Political Implications Romanticism could reinforce the greatest themes of political liberalism or political conservatism.
Contributed to growing nationalist movements.
The concepts of the Volk and the Volkgeist.
The uniqueness of cultures was emphasized. Slide97: Bibliographic Sources CGFA: A Virtual Art Museum. http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/fineart.htm
“Romanticism” on Artchive. http://artchive.com/artchive/romanticism.html