CHAPTER 11 SECTION 1 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • When manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work. SAMUEL SLATER •Builder of the first water powered textile mill in America. FACTORY SYSTEM • Method of production using many workers and machines in one building. LOWELL MILLS • Textile mills located in the factory town of Lowell, Massachusetts. ROBERT FULTON •Inventor of America’s first widely successful steamboat. PETER COOPER •Builder of America’s first successful steampowered locomotive. SAMUEL F. B. MORSE • Inventor of the telegraph. • Morse Code is named after him. THRESHING MACHINE •A device that separates kernels of wheat from their husks. MECHANICAL REAPER •A device that cuts grain. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • After the war of 1812, Americans experienced a new kind of revolution. • This was a change in the way that goods were produced. • Factory machines started replacing hand tools. • Soon large-scale manufacturing was producing huge quantities of goods. These changes are called the Industrial Revolution. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • 1) The Industrial Revolution was a change in the way that goods were produced. From hand made to factory produced goods. • 2) Factories were soon producing large quantities of goods. FACTORIES RISE IN NEW ENGLAND • In America, the Industrial Revolution began in 1793, when Samuel Slater built the first spinning water mill. • Samuel Slater snuck into the U.S. because it was illegal for British textile workers to leave the country. • Britain did not want another nation to copy its machines. • Slater first hired children, then employed whole families in a family/factory system of employment. • The factory system brought many workers and machines together under one roof. People left their farms and crowded into cities to take jobs in factories. Their way of life changed. CONTINUED • The War of 1812 brought growth to American Industry. • In the war, Britain blockaded our shores, this led Americans to create their own goods. • It also led investors to spend money on American Industries instead of elsewhere. FACTORIES RISE IN NEW ENGLAND • 1) Samuel Slater built the first spinning water mill • 2) Britain did not want another nation to copy its machines • 3) Slater hired children, then families, and it was known as the factory system. They lived in company owned boardinghouses. • 4) The war of 1812 brought growth to American Industry THE LOWELL MILLS HIRE WOMEN • Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in eastern Massachusetts. • This factory spun raw cotton into yarn, and then wove the yarn into cloth on looms. • The factory was so successful they built a new factory town called Lowell. • Women entered the workforce in these factories, wages were high-between two and four dollars a week. • Lowell mills ran on water power, factories built after the 1830s were run on steam engines. SYNTHESIZE/THINK, WRITE, PAIR, SHARE • 1) Describe how the Industrial Revolution changed the way Americans lived and worked. • 2) What do you think the conditions were like in the factories where children and families were working? THE LOWELL MILLS HIRE WOMEN • 1) Francis Lowell built a factory in eastern Massachusetts. • 2) The success of the factory led to factory towns being built • 3) Women began working in the factories. • 4) Lowell mills ran on water power, newer factories were being run on steam power engines NEW MANUFACTURING METHODS SPREAD • The U.S. government hired the inventor Eli Whitney to make 10,000 muskets for the army. • Before this, guns were made one at a time by a gunsmith. • Whitney created interchangeable partsparts that are exactly alike. • Machines produced interchangeable parts that sped up production, made repairs easier, and allowed the use of less-skilled workers. NEW MANUFACTURING METHODS SPREAD • 1) Eli Whitney demonstrated interchangeable parts for guns. • 2) Interchangeable parts sped up production, made repairs easy, and allowed the use of less-skilled workers. TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION • Robert Fulton developed a steamboat that could move against the current or a strong wind. • Some cities were not on rivers that could be navigated by steamship. • The answer? Peter Cooper built America’s first successful steam-powered locomotive. • Samuel F. B. Morse first demonstrated his telegraph in 1837. • The machine sent long and short pulses of electricity that could be translated into letters. TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION • 1) Robert Fulton developed America’s first SUCCESSFUL steamboat • 2) Peter Cooper built America’s first SUCCESSFUL steam-powered locomotive • 3) Samuel F.B. Morse demonstrated the telegraph between two cities. Communication took only seconds. TECHNOLOGY IMPROVES FARMING • Other inventions increased farm production. John Deere invented a lightweight plow with a steel edge. • Deere’s new plow made plowing much less work in heavy Midwestern soil • The threshing machine and the mechanical reaper were other inventions that improved production. • New technologies linked regions, Midwestern farmers grew food to feed Northeastern factory workers. The Midwestern farmers bought goods from the Northeast. This increase put more demand for cotton in the south. TECHNOLOGY IMPROVES FARMING • 1) John Deere invents a new plow that will work in tough soil • 2) The threshing machine and mechanical reaper improved farm production • 3) New technologies linked regions and created national unity • 4) Midwestern farms Northeastern factories Southern cotton CRITICAL THINKING • 1) Why was New England a good place to set • • • • up factories? 2) How were different regions of the United States linked economically? 3) Explain how the use of interchangeable parts improved the manufacturing process. 4) Samuel Slater and Francis Lowell both illegally brought industrial secrets to the United States. Do you think they were wrong to do this? Explain. 5) choose an invention and draw a detailed picture of it. Then write a paragraph explaining how the invention worked.