Interleukin 8 is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.
Endothelial cells store IL-8 in their storage vesicles, the Weibel-Palade bodies.
The interleukin-8 protein is encoded by the CXCL8 gene.
IL-8 is initially produced as a precursor peptide of 99 amino acids which then undergoes cleavage to create several active IL-8 isoforms.
There are many receptors on the surface membrane capable of binding IL-8.
The most frequently studied types are the G protein-coupled serpentine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2.
Expression and affinity for IL-8 differs between the two receptors (CXCR1 > CXCR2).
IL-8 is secreted and is an important mediator of the immune reaction in the innate immune system response.