Fractures of a clavicle make 15% of total number of changes. Arise at children's and teenage age more often. At children the clavicle usually breaks as "a green branch" (with preservation of integrity of a periosteum). The fracture of a clavicle is characterized by pain, restriction of movements in a hand, puffiness, change of a shape of a clavicle, shortening . Diagnostics is carried out by the traumatologist on the basis of survey and data of a X-ray analysis. At a change as "a green branch" the fixing bandage is applied. At a clavicle fracture with shift the repozition is necessary.
Fractures of a clavicle make 15% of total number of changes. Arise at children's and teenage age more often. At children the clavicle usually breaks as "a green branch" (with preservation of integrity of a periosteum). A clavicle – the small, slightly curved tubular bone located over the top edge and connecting a breast to a shovel. Serves for strengthening of a humeral belt, is a support for a shovel and bones of the top extremity. Protects nerves and large vessels of axillary area.
Reasons and classification
Taking into account localization in traumatology allocate changes of an external, average and internal third of a clavicle, taking into account character of otlomk – cross, kosopoperechny, slanting and splintered changes, depending on a type of damage – the opened and closed changes. Clavicle fractures without shift and with the shift of otlomk are possible. Changes with shift can be followed by injury of a pleura, the nerves located nearby and blood vessels.
The direct trauma (blow to the area of a clavicle) is usually resulted by kosopoperechny, cross and splintered fractures of a clavicle. At an indirect trauma (falling arm-distance, an elbow or a shoulder) slanting and kosopoperechny fractures of a clavicle develop. In some cases sharp reduction of muscles (for example, at an epileptic seizure) becomes the reason of a fracture of clavicle.
Symptoms and diagnostics
The patient is disturbed by pain in the place of a change. The movements by a hand on the party of damage are sharply limited. By Nadplechye it is edematous, shortened. The shape of a clavicle is changed. The shoulder is lowered, its shift of a knutra and kpered is observed. Holds with a healthy hand of the patient the injured extremity for an elbow or a forearm and presses it to a trunk. Hemorrhages, pathological mobility and a krepitation of otlomk of a clavicle are possible. For confirmation of the diagnosis the clavicle X-ray analysis is carried out. During inspection the traumatologist needs to exclude injury of nerves, blood vessels and a pleura. First aid consists in suspension of an extremity on a kosynochny bandage, its bending in an elbow joint and a pribintovyvaniye to a body.
treatment should be carried out only under the supervision of a doctor. Self-treatment is unacceptable!!!
At changes as "a green branch" and clavicle fractures without shift apply the fixing bandage. Fixing term at children makes 2-3 weeks, adults have 1 month. At a clavicle fracture with the shift of otlomk local anesthesia with the subsequent repozition is carried out. Then the special bandage is applied. At children's age for deduction of otlomk there are usually enough Delbe's rings. The adult impose Chizhin's frame and other fixing bandages. At open fractures of a clavicle and the closed changes with injury of nerves, a pleura and blood vessels (or with threat of damage of these educations of unstable bone otlomka) perform surgeries.