The primary function of a power transformer is to step up or step down voltage as per the requirement. The magnitude of voltage transformation in a transformer depends on its turns ratio. The output voltage of any transformer can be theoretically calculated from its turns ratio. Use the following transformer turns ratio calculator for turns ratio calculation.
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|Turns Ratio :|
What is turns ratio?
Each coil of a transformer contains a certain number of turns of the conductor. Turns ratio is defined as the ratio of the number of turns of the conductor in the primary coil to the number of turns of the conductor in the secondary winding. Let Np be the number of turns of the conductor in the primary coil and Ns is the number of turns of the conductor in the secondary coil then turns ratio of the transformer can be given by the following equation:
Turns ratio in an ideal transformer
An ideal transformer is assumed to have zero winding impedance, zero leakage flux, and zero losses. For an ideal transformer, consider an ideal transformer with Np number of turns in the primary and Ns number of turns in the secondary. Let Vp be the voltage applied to the primary at a frequency of ‘f’, the Vp be the voltage measured at the secondary. Let φbe the flux linking both coils.
The voltage induced per turn of the primary is given by
Vp / Np = k. φm.f
Where k is a constant and φm is the maximum flux. From the above equation,
φm = Vp / Np. k.f
Since same flux links the primary and the secondary,
Vs / Ns = k. φm.f and φm = Vs / Ns. k.f
Hence, Vp / Np. k.f = Vs / Ns. k.f
Therefore, Vp / Np= Vs / Ns and Vp / Vs = Np / Ns
Relationship between Turns ratio and current
For an ideal transformer, the input power is always equal to the output voltage.
Hence, Vp. Ip. cosϕ = Vs. Is. cosϕ
Therefore, Vp / Vs= Is / Ip
Where Ip and Is primary and secondary current respectively.
Hence for an ideal transformer, the output current varies as the inversely proportional to the voltage. In a step-up transformer, the primary voltage can be stepped up based on the turns ratio but the load current capability of the same at the stepped-up voltage will reduce as the inverse of the turns ratio.