Information entropy is a concept from information theory. It tells how much information there is in an event. In general, the more certain or deterministic the event is, the less information it will contain. More clearly stated, information is an increase in uncertainty or entropy. The concept of information entropy was created by mathematician Claude Shannon.
Information and its relationship to entropy can be modeled by:
"The conditional entropy Hy(x) will, for convenience, be called the equivocation. It measures the average ambiguity of the received signal."
The "average ambiguity" or Hy(x) meaning uncertainty or entropy. H(x) represents information. R is the received signal.
The information gain is a measure of the probability with which a certain result is expected to happen. In the context of a coin flip, with a 50-50 probability, the entropy is the highest value of 1. It does not involve information gain because it does not incline towards a specific result more than the other. If there is a 100-0 probability that a result will occur, the entropy is 0.
Example[change | change source]
Let's look at an example. If someone is told something they already know, the information they get is very small. It will be pointless for them to be told something they already know. This information would have very low entropy.
If they were told about something they knew little about, they would get much new information. This information would be very valuable to them. They would learn something. This information would have high entropy.
Related pages[change | change source]
References[change | change source]
- Shannon, Claude E. A Mathematical Theory of Communication. https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_2383164/component/file_2383163/content. p. 20.CS1 maint: location (link)
Other websites[change | change source]
- Information is not entropy, ! Archived 2016-12-01 at the Wayback Machine - a discussion of the use of the terms "information" and "entropy".
- I'm confused: how could information equal entropy?[permanent dead link] - a similar discussion on the bionet.info-theory FAQ.
- Java "entropy pool" for cryptographically-secure unguessable random numbers
- Description of information entropy from Tools for thought' by Howard Rheingold
- An intuitive guide to the concept of entropy arising in various sectors of science – a wikibook on the interpretation of the concept of entropy.