DNA extraction is a routine procedure used to isolate DNA from the nucleus of cells.
Scientists can buy ready-to-useextraction kits. These kits help extract DNA from particular types or sample types. However, they can be expensive to use routinely, so many labs have their own methods for
What does DNA extraction involve?
Step 1. Breaking cells open to release the DNA
The cells in a sample are separated from each other, often by a physical means such as grinding or, and put into a solution containing salt. The positively charged sodium ions in the salt help protect the negatively charged phosphate groups that run along the backbone of the DNA.
A detergent is then added. The detergent breaks down thein the cell and . DNA is released as these membranes are disrupted.
Step 2. Separating DNA from proteins and other cellular debris
To get a clean sample of DNA, it’s necessary to remove as much of the cellular debris as possible. This can be done by a variety of methods. Often a protein enzyme) is added to degrade DNA-associated proteins and other cellular proteins. Alternatively, some of the cellular debris can be removed by filtering the sample.(
Step 3. Precipitating the DNA with an alcohol
Finally, ice-cold alcohol (either ethanol or) is carefully added to the DNA sample. DNA is soluble in water but in the presence of salt and alcohol. By gently stirring the alcohol layer with a pipette, a precipitate becomes visible and can be spooled out. If there is lots of DNA, you may see a stringy, white precipitate.
Step 4. Cleaning the DNA
The DNA sample can now be further purified (cleaned). It is then resuspended in a slightlyand ready to use.
Step 5. Confirming the presence and quality of the DNA
For further lab work, it is important to know the concentration and quality of the DNA.
What can this DNA be used for?
Once extracted, DNA can be used for molecular analyses including PCR, electrophoresis, sequencing, fingerprinting and cloning.