There is no more dreaded diagnosis for a Greyhound owner than this. Everyone knows someone who has lost a Greyhound to osteosarcoma. It's not the purpose of this section to replace an honest discussion with your veterinarian about the disease and treatment options. Information changes quickly in the field of oncology, and we all hope that there will be better treatment options in the future.
WHAT IS IT?
Bone cancer can strike relatively young dogs, even as young as 5 years.
While it can affect any bone in the body, 75% to 85% of these cancers are found on the legs at the shoulder, wrist or knee joints as shown in the illustration.
The disease begins inside the bone, initially causing an intermittent lameness but eventually causing constant, deep and severe pain after just a short period (1-3 months, most likely). The bone weakens and can eventually break with minimal trauma or pressure (a "pathological" fracture).
The following x-rays illustrate the bone changes caused by osteosarcoma (click for enlargement):
HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED?
If your Greyhound has a persistent lameness and the physical exam shows bone pain, your vet will very likely recommend an x-ray to distinguish the different causes. Depending on the stage of the osteosarcoma, the x-ray itself can be diagnostic. Early cases may be more ambiguous and require a follow-up x-ray in a few weeks.
If there is doubt, the definitive diagnosis can usually be obtained through bone biopsy.
Other diseases causing similar changes on an x-ray include some bone infections, other types of bone tumors, and fungal infections of the bone.
CAN IT BE TREATED?
Osteosarcoma is a terrible disease and managing it requires a strong commitment, both financially and emotionally.
Treatment addresses two aspects of the disease: the pain and the cancer itself. You must commit to aggressive pain relief for the remainder of your Greyhound's life. The pain of bone cancer is thought to be greater than almost any other disease, and it is continuous, non-stop, relentless, and never-ending. Even the strongest pain medications can fail to control this kind of pain, so it is imperative that you and your vet aggressively manage this part of the disease. Together, you must recognize when pain is no longer controlled, so you can make an appropriate quality-of-life decision.
Studies are underway to try to understand and treat this disease more effectively. One aspect of this is a genetic study being done at the University of Michigan. If your Greyhound develops osteosarcoma, please consider the donation a small blood sample to this study. We need all the information we can get to eventually be able to cure these cancer victims. Dr. Macherey has further information on this.
This page last updated 10/02/2011