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values | concepts listlengths 0 23 ⌀ | triples listlengths 0 4.35k ⌀ | id stringlengths 24 24 | __index_level_0__ int64 6 5.4k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid | Which gene is responsible for the development of Sotos syndrome? | [['NSD1 gene']] | [
"NSD1 gene",
"nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1",
"nuclear receptor binding SET domain 1",
"NSD1",
"KMT3B",
"SET domain containing 1B"
] | ['Sotos syndrome (SoS) is a multiple anomaly, congenital disorder characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, distinctive facial features and variable degree of intellectual disability. Haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene at 5q35.3, arising from 5q35 microdeletions, point mutations, and partial gene deletions, accounts ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26043501",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25852445",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21834033",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14571271",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16010675",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20420030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26043501",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 234,
"text": "Sotos syndrome is a well-known overgrowth syndrome characterized by excessive growth during childhood, macrocephal... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 571f33bd0fd6f91b68000003 | 1,050 |
factoid | What is the name for anorexia in gymnasts? | [['Anorexia Athletica']] | [
"Anorexia Athletica",
"Athletic Anorexia",
"Exercise-Induced Anorexia",
"Anorexia of Athletes",
"Sport-Induced Anorexia"
] | ['Anorexia athletica'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24240086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10551340"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24240086",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "Elite Rhythmic Gymnasts (RGs) constitute a unique metabolic model and they are prone to developing Anorexia Athlet... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006173",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000855",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000856"
] | [] | 53617eeb7d100faa0900000a | 1,051 |
factoid | Approximately how many recombination hotspots have been found in the yeast genome? | ['Approximately 200', '200', '~200'] | [
"Approximately 200",
"200",
"~200"
] | In the fission yeast genome DSBs are located within 194 prominent peaks separated on average by 65-kbp intervals of DNA that are largely free of DSBs. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19557188",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18682829",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18449558",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478517",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16640774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8290959"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18682829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 387,
"offsetInEndSection": 536,
"text": "In the fission yeast genome DSBs are located within 194 prominent peaks separated on average by 65-kbp intervals... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011995",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016678",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0010844",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_... | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/geneontology/id/GO:0003677",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/geneontology/id/GO:0010844"
},
{
"o": "DNA binding",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
"s": "http://lin... | 534e364e288f4dae47000001 | 1,064 |
factoid | What is the name of the stem loop present in the 3' end of genes encoding for selenoproteins? | ['SECIS'] | [
"SECIS",
"SECIS element",
"Selenocysteine insertion sequence",
"Selenocysteine insertion sequence element"
] | SECIS (selenocysteine insertion sequence) | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24251578",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788723",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23783574",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23614019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23603359",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22209284",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24251578",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 343,
"offsetInEndSection": 419,
"text": "stem-loop structure called the selenocysteine incorporating sequence (SECIS)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abst... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D055029",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051140",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0035613",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field... | [] | 533ea8fcc45e133714000010 | 1,066 |
factoid | Which SWI/SNF protein complex subunit has been demonstrated to interact with the FANCA gene product? | [['BRG1']] | [
"BRG1",
"Brahma-related gene 1",
"SMARCA4",
"Brahma-related gene 1 protein",
"Brahma-related gene 1 homolog"
] | ['The Fanconi anemia protein FANCA has been shown to interact with the brm-related gene 1 (BRG1) product. BRG1 is a subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, which remodels chromatin structure through a DNA-dependent ATPase activity.', 'FANCA was demonstrated to associate with the endogenous SWI/SNF complexFANCA may recruit the ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11726552"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11726552",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Fanconi anemia protein, FANCA, associates with BRG1, a component of the human SWI/SNF complex"
},
{
"beginSection... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D052217"
] | [] | 54edf81f94afd61504000014 | 1,072 |
factoid | Which clotting factor is inhibited by betrixaban? | [['Xa']] | [
"Xa",
"Factor Xa",
"Activated factor X",
"Prothrombinase",
"Coagulation factor Xa"
] | ['Betrixaban is an orally administered direct clotting factor Xa inhibitor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23964817",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23876036",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23683607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23557519",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23547865",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23487517",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23964817",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 63,
"text": "Evaluation of the oral direct factor Xa inhibitor - betrixaban."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document":... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 55200c606b348bb82c000013 | 1,082 |
factoid | What is the outcome of TAF10 interacting with the GATA1 transcription factor? | [['Control of Mouse Erythropoiesis']] | [
"Control of Mouse Erythropoiesis",
"Mouse Erythropoiesis Regulation",
"Regulation of Erythropoiesis in Mice",
"Erythropoiesis Control in Mice",
"Mouse Erythropoiesis Control"
] | ['TAF10 Interacts with the GATA1 Transcription Factor and Controls Mouse Erythropoiesis.', 'TAF10 Interacts with the GATA1 Transcription Factor and Controls Mouse Erythropoiesis.', 'TAF10 Interacts with the GATA1 Transcription Factor and Controls Mouse Erythropoiesis.', 'TAF10 Interacts with the GATA1 Transcription Fac... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25870109"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25870109",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "TAF10 Interacts with the GATA1 Transcription Factor and Controls Mouse Erythropoiesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abs... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050982",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAF10_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAF10_ARATH",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAF10_YEAST",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GATA1_ARATH",
"http://www.uniprot.org/unipro... | [] | 56a8b8b5a17756b72f000005 | 1,086 |
factoid | How is bladder wall thickness measured? | ['Ultrasound'] | [
"Ultrasound",
"Sonography",
"Ultrasonography",
"Echo",
"Ultrasonic imaging",
"Diagnostic ultrasound"
] | Ultrasound | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23427760",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22903482",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21895933",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20438565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20432327",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19901837",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23427760",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Modifications of the bladder wall (organ damage) in patients with bladder outlet obstruction: ultrasound parameters."
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001743"
] | [] | 5324bdba9b2d7acc7e00001a | 1,094 |
factoid | LY450139 is investigational name of which drug? | [['semagacestat']] | [
"semagacestat",
"LY450139",
"E2609",
"E2609A",
"semagacestat hydrochloride"
] | ["LY450139 is investigational name of Semagacestat. It is a γ-secretase inhibitor developed for treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Chemical name of LY450139 is hydroxylvaleryl monobenzocaprolactam."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22018341",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22778845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634579",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20350302",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19692615",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19527190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22710916",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 213,
"text": "The outcomes of the clinical trials of the γ-secretase inhibitor Semagacestat (LY-450139) and the γ-secretase modu... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015507"
] | [] | 54f35ad864850a5854000004 | 1,095 |
factoid | Which gene has been found to be mutant in Lesch-Nyhan Disease patients? | [['Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene']] | [
"Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene",
"HPRT",
"Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase",
"Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase",
"HPRT1",
"HPRT gene"
] | ['Lesch-Nyhan Disease (LND) is the result of mutations in the X-linked gene encoding the purine metabolic enzyme, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24075303",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24001192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23691025",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22157001",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20159777",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2875930",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24075303",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 253,
"text": "We describe a family of seven boys affected by Lesch-Nyhan disease with various phenotypes. Further investigations... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5727ab040fd6f91b68000019 | 1,097 |
factoid | Which is the methyl donor of histone methyltransferases? | ['S-adenosyl-L–methionine', 'SAM', 'AdoMet', 'S-Adenosylmethionine', 'adenosylmethionine', 'S-Adenosyl methionine'] | [
"S-adenosyl-L–methionine",
"SAM",
"AdoMet",
"S-Adenosylmethionine",
"adenosylmethionine",
"S-Adenosyl methionine"
] | ['The major methyl donor of histone methyltransferases (HMTs) is S-adenosyl-L–methionine (SAM, AdoMet).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21779408",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18393372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18693240",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14633678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11309147",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10747987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18393372",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 424,
"offsetInEndSection": 584,
"text": "While SAMe is a methyl donor, MTA is an inhibitor of methylation. SAMe can convert to MTA spontaneously, so ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0031060",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0016571",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0008469",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0042054",
"http://amigo.ge... | [
{
"o": "2.1.1.-",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/ecName",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_413252395935006"
}
] | 516e7fda298dcd4e51000081 | 1,098 |
factoid | What is the gene frequently mutated in Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN2) and Hisrchsprung disease? | ['Ret'] | [
"Ret",
"REarranged during Transfection",
"Ret proto-oncogene",
"Ret receptor tyrosine kinase",
"Ret oncogene"
] | ['The Ret gene may have gain of mutation functions in MEN2 cancer as well as loss of function mutations in Hirschprung disease.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23210566",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22199277",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21678021",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21542403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21422799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20152359",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23210566",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2064,
"offsetInEndSection": 2196,
"text": "Our results further substantiate that gene scanning of all relevant RET exons is a powerful tool in the ma... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006627",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018813"
] | null | 5171438a8ed59a060a000007 | 1,102 |
factoid | From which sequence does the Alu repeat originate from? | [['7SL RNA']] | [
"7SL RNA",
"7SL RNA molecule",
"7SL RNA gene",
"7SL RNA transcript",
"7SL RNA species"
] | ['The presence of Alu-like structural motifs supports the hypothesis of the monophyletic origin of Alu and B1 repeats, i.e., from a common 7SL RNA-derived retroposing monomeric element, The origin of Alu subfamilies in human populations may be related to evolution of chromosome Y.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16343813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12167372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9694666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395063",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8576966",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12815945"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16343813",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 164,
"offsetInEndSection": 298,
"text": "The origin of Alu-derived minisatellites appears to have been mediated by short flanking repeats, as first propo... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020087"
] | [] | 56ffd08bcf1c325851000009 | 1,107 |
factoid | Abnormality in which vertebral region is important in the Bertolotti's syndrome? | ['lumbosacral'] | [
"lumbosacral",
"lumbosacral region",
"lumbosacral plexus",
"lumbosacral spine",
"lumbosacral junction"
] | Lumbosacral vertebral region is implicated in the Bertolotti's syndrome. Lumbosacral transitional vertebra is an anatomical variation of the fifth lumbar vertebra in which an enlarged transverse process can form a joint or fusion with the sacrum or ilium. Patients often complain of intractable sciatica that arises from... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24156003",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21511940",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624239",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19830065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19646556",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19547821",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24156003",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Bertolotti's syndrome (BS), a form of lumbago in lumbosacral transitional vertebrae, is an important cause of low... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013131",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/13767955"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2F... | 5313058de3eabad02100000e | 1,108 |
factoid | What does iBAQ stand for in proteomic analysis? | ['intensity-based absolute quantification'] | [
"intensity-based absolute quantification",
"iBAQ",
"intensity-based quantification",
"absolute quantification based on intensity"
] | iBAQ stands for intensity-based absolute quantification. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23981693",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23794183",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22771841"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23981693",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 674,
"offsetInEndSection": 720,
"text": "intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http:/... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040901"
] | [] | 5348307daeec6fbd07000011 | 1,109 |
factoid | Which is the main target of the anti-arrhythmic activity of flecainide? | [['The sodium channel']] | [
"sodium channel",
"voltage-gated sodium channel",
"Na+ channel",
"sodium ion channel",
"sodium-selective channel",
"sodium permeability channel",
"sodium channel protein",
"sodium channel alpha subunit",
"The sodium channel"
] | ['Flecainide is a class 1c antiarrhythmic that acts by blocking sodium channels and is used mainly in the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24858181",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24510469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25274603",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24917414",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24614665",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23558880",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24858181",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 728,
"offsetInEndSection": 764,
"text": "flecainide (sodium channel blocker) "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4249323"
] | [] | 54da32bc0f63c58e6e000001 | 1,110 |
factoid | Which is the most prevalent form of arrhythmia worldwide? | [['atrial fibrilation', 'AF']] | [
"atrial fibrillation",
"AF",
"atrial fib",
"atrial flutter",
"paroxysmal atrial fibrillation",
"persistent atrial fibrillation",
"permanent atrial fibrillation"
] | ['Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide, and it has a significant effect on morbidity and mortality. It is a significant risk factor for stroke and peripheral embolization, and it has an effect on cardiac function. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia affecting up to... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25534665",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24828991",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23259476",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25432121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24474959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23541013",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24828991",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "Atrial fibrillation remains the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, and its incidence is increasing as the populati... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54d8ea2c4b1fd0d33c000002 | 1,118 |
factoid | Which glands are subject to attack by lymphocytes in Sjogren's syndrome? | ['The lacrimal and/or salivary glands'] | [
"lacrimal glands",
"salivary glands",
"tear glands",
"exocrine glands",
"glandula lacrimalis",
"glandula salivaria",
"lacrimal and salivary glands",
"glands of the eye",
"glands of the mouth",
"accessory glands"
] | Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a human autoimmune disease characterized by exocrine dysfunction resulting from chronic autoimmune attack primarily against the lacrimal and/or salivary glands. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21777618",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20408860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823290",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17472721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17127420",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16761498",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21777618",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 280,
"offsetInEndSection": 490,
"text": "In Sjögren's syndrome the autoimmune response is directed against the exocrine glands, which, as histopathologic... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012859",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12894",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0046649",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D... | [] | 53189b05b166e2b80600001e | 1,123 |
factoid | Mutations in which gene determine response to both erlotinib and gefitinib? | ['epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene'] | [
"epidermal growth factor receptor",
"EGFR",
"epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)",
"ErbB-1",
"HER1",
"CD326"
] | ['Patients who carry somatic activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, respond well to erlotinib and gefitinib.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23332287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22738915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22263058",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21904575",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21777765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430269",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23332287",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 124,
"text": "Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) are frequently observed in non-small-cell lung c... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4274201",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4241662",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4241661"
] | [
{
"o": "Gene Mutation",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7647895"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7850263",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedl... | 51542e44d24251bc05000081 | 1,127 |
factoid | What is the content of the METLIN database? | [['METLIN is a metabolite database containing tandem mass spectrometry data for each metabolite.']] | [
"METLIN",
"METLIN database",
"METLIN metabolite database",
"METLIN mass spectrometry database"
] | ['METLIN is a metabolite database containing tandem mass spectrometry data for each metabolite.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25496351",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25462372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25322782",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24015273",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23829391",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23631600",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25496351",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 705,
"offsetInEndSection": 843,
"text": " The tandem mass spectrometry data acquisition enabled automatic search and matching against the METLIN tandem m... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019991",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D030562"
] | [] | 54d662113706e8952800000d | 1,132 |
factoid | Which is the RNA sequence of the canonical polyadenylation signal? | [['AAUAAA']] | [
"AAUAAA",
"polyadenylation signal",
"poly(A) signal",
"polyadenylation sequence"
] | ["A polyadenylation signal (AAUAAA) nearby the 3' end of pre-mRNA is required for poly(A) synthesis."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19169861",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19041263",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19032167",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24177577",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24152550",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22535384",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19169861",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 373,
"offsetInEndSection": 430,
"text": ". Two putative polyadenylation signal sequences (AATAAA) "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"documen... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D039104",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0043631",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006378"
] | [] | 550739cf3b8a5dc045000002 | 1,133 |
factoid | What is the role of the RUNX1-MYEF2 complex? | [['The repression of hematopoietic genes in erythroid cells.']] | [
"repression of hematopoietic genes",
"hematopoietic gene repression",
"repression of erythroid genes",
"erythroid gene repression",
"hematopoiesis gene regulation",
"regulation of hematopoietic genes in erythroid cells",
"gene repression in erythroid cells"
] | ['A novel complex, RUNX1-MYEF2, represses hematopoietic genes in erythroid cells.', 'A novel complex, RUNX1-MYEF2, represses hematopoietic genes in erythroid cells.', 'A novel complex, RUNX1-MYEF2, represses hematopoietic genes in erythroid cells.', 'A novel complex, RUNX1-MYEF2, represses hematopoietic genes in erythr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22801375"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22801375",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "A novel complex, RUNX1-MYEF2, represses hematopoietic genes in erythroid cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D041905",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006412",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015672"
] | [] | 56ae70050a360a5e4500000f | 1,138 |
factoid | What is the relationship between thyroid hormone and inflammatory markers in heart failure patients? | ['There is an inverse correlation between inflammatory markers and FT3 circulating levels'] | [
"FT3",
"Triiodothyronine",
"3,5,3'-triiodothyronine",
"Liothyronine",
"T3",
"Free triiodothyronine",
"Free T3",
"Circulating FT3 levels",
"Circulating triiodothyronine levels"
] | There is an inverse correlation between inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF alfa and PCR) and FT3 levels in patients with heart failure | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19926244",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15259379",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11021766",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16524802",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15521205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12165115"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19926244",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1530,
"offsetInEndSection": 1843,
"text": "Considering normal subjects, patients without and with low T3 syndrome, IL-6 and TNFalpha increased progressiv... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006333",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013963",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007249",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... | [] | 53261e79600967d132000003 | 1,146 |
factoid | What is the color of the protein Ranasmurfin? | [['Blue']] | [
"Blue",
"Azure",
"Cyan",
"Navy",
"Sky Blue",
"Royal Blue",
"Turquoise",
"Cerulean",
"Teal",
"Indigo"
] | ['Ranasmurfin is a blue protein.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20615601",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17077494"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20615601",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 428,
"offsetInEndSection": 554,
"text": "Ranasmurfin, a blue protein from a different species of frog, displays a novel structure with a unique chromopho... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56f961b3cf1c325851000003 | 1,150 |
factoid | Which histone modification is primarily linked to elongating transcription? | ['H3K36me3', 'H3K36 trimethylation'] | [
"H3K36me3",
"H3K36 trimethylation",
"Histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation",
"H3K36me3 modification",
"H3K36me3 mark",
"Trimethylated H3K36"
] | Similarly, H3K36 trimethylation, a mark associated with transcription elongation, was specifically increased at the HD locus in the striatum and not in the cerebellum. Recent studies reviewed here demonstrate that histone deacetylation on the body of a transcribed gene is regulated via Set2-mediated methylation of hist... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23209427",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21423663",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17346757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17046836",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23209427",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1492,
"offsetInEndSection": 1659,
"text": "Similarly, H3K36 trimethylation, a mark associated with transcription elongation, was specifically increased a... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006657",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D042421",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006354",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4278518"
] | [] | 53372ba3d6d3ac6a34000058 | 1,158 |
factoid | Which interleukin is blocked by Siltuximab? | [['interleukin-6']] | [
"interleukin-6",
"IL-6",
"B-cell stimulatory factor 2",
"BSF-2",
"interferon beta 2",
"IFN-beta 2",
"hybridoma growth factor",
"HGF"
] | ['Siltuximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to interleukin-6 with high affinity and specificity.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26392750",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25655379",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25294016",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25873122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25784388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21211286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26392750",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 510,
"offsetInEndSection": 683,
"text": "This review also summarizes the biologics targeting either IL-6 or the IL-6 receptor, including tocilizumab, sar... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007378",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018123"
] | [] | 56c1f02aef6e39474100004b | 1,160 |
factoid | ROSIER scale is used for which disorder? | [['stroke']] | [
"stroke",
"cerebrovascular accident",
"CVA",
"brain attack",
"ischemic stroke",
"hemorrhagic stroke",
"transient ischemic attack",
"TIA"
] | ['ROSIER (Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room) scale was developed as a stroke recognition tool on suspected patients in the prehospital setting.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22919191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22014183",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21402744",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25343496",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072006",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22919191",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "Validation of the use of the ROSIER scale in prehospital assessment of stroke."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 551fd9c06b348bb82c000012 | 1,161 |
factoid | Which is the subcellular localization of the protein angiogenin? | [['Both nucleolar and cytoplasmic']] | [
"nucleolar",
"cytoplasmic",
"nucleolar and cytoplasmic",
"nucleolus",
"cytoplasm"
] | ['Under growth conditions, ANG is located in nucleolus where it promotes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription thereby stimulating cell growth. In adverse conditions, ANG is relocated to cytoplasm to promote damage repairs and cell survival.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24603325",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23843625",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22438557",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22384259",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21528671",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18246300",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24603325",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 488,
"offsetInEndSection": 725,
"text": "Under growth conditions, ANG is located in nucleolus where it promotes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription thereb... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051179",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051641",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051234",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ANGI_CHICK",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ANG... | [] | 54d7a1047035c08008000002 | 1,163 |
factoid | Which bone protein is used in archaelogy for dating and species identification? | [['Collagen']] | [
"{\n \"synonyms\": [\n \"Collagen\",\n \"Collagen protein\",\n \"Collagen fibers\",\n \"Collagen type I\",\n \"Collagen type II\",\n \"Collagen type III\",\n \"Collagen type IV\",\n \"Collagen type V\",\n \"Collagen type VI\",\n \"Collagen type VII\",\n \"Collagen type VIII\",\n ... | ['Collagen is the main protein extracted from bones and analyzed by mass spectrometry. It is traditionally used for radiocarbon dating but sophisticated new technologies are using collagen for species identification as well.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24327307",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24019191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22956324",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517758",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22125157",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21959970",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24019191",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 322,
"offsetInEndSection": 503,
"text": "Collagen was extracted from modern and archaeological cod bones using a weak HCl solution and analysed for its s... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053719",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013058",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001106",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [
{
"o": "MeSH",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0026102"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0026106",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/um... | 55054f8af73303d458000002 | 1,165 |
factoid | Which gene has been implicated in Majeed Syndrome? | [['LPIN2']] | [
"LPIN2",
"lipin 2",
"lipin-2",
"lipin 2 protein",
"lipin 2 homolog"
] | ['Homozygous mutations in LPIN2 are responsible for the syndrome of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (Majeed syndrome).', 'Genetic alteration of LPIN2 in humans is known to cause Majeed syndrome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994876",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24811178",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23087183",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22908270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19369868",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19717560",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994876",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "Homozygous mutations in LPIN2 are responsible for the syndrome of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and congeni... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577"
] | [
{
"o": "D005796",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0062665"
}
] | 56f7c15a09dd18d46b000012 | 1,172 |
factoid | What is Trypan blue used for? | [['cell viability - cell death assessment']] | [
"cell viability",
"cell death assessment",
"cell survival assessment",
"cell health evaluation",
"cell viability assay",
"cell viability test",
"cell viability measurement"
] | ['Trypan blue is used in the "trypan blue exclusion assay" for assessing cell viability/cell death.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23354080",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24320727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24316855",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24312318",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24304568",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24300339",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23354080",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 300,
"offsetInEndSection": 342,
"text": " cell death by trypan blue exclusion assay"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014343",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4250111",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4251229"
] | [
{
"o": "d05534",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A9452169"
},
{
"o": "trypan blue ophthalmic",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A9452169"
},... | 5523e7837b523f2123000006 | 1,173 |
factoid | Selexipag is used for which disease? | [['pulmonary arterial hypertension']] | [
"pulmonary arterial hypertension",
"PAH",
"pulmonary hypertension",
"idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension",
"secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension"
] | ['Selexipag is a novel, oral, selective prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor agonist in clinical development for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26152132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24392948",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25277144",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22918043",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362844"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26152132",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: Selexipag is a novel, oral, selective prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor agonist in clinical development for ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013812",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004194"
] | [] | 56c1f045ef6e394741000058 | 1,174 |
factoid | What is the RESID database? | [['The RESID Database of Protein Modifications is a comprehensive collection of annotations and structures for protein modifications and cross-links including pre-, co-, and post-translational modifications']] | [
"RESID Database",
"RESID",
"RESID Database of Protein Modifications",
"RESID Protein Modification Database",
"RESID Protein Modifications Database"
] | ['The RESID Database of Protein Modifications is a comprehensive collection of annotations and structures for protein modifications and cross-links including pre-, co-, and post-translational modifications'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15174122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12520062",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10592227",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9847179"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15174122",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "The RESID Database of Protein Modifications as a resource and annotation tool."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5708992ccf1c32585100000d | 1,177 |
factoid | Pridopidine has been tested for treatment of which disorder? | [['Huntington disease']] | [
"Huntington disease",
"Huntington's disease",
"Huntington's chorea",
"HD"
] | ['Pridopidine is a dopaminergic stabilizer that has shown promising results for treatment of Huntington disease patients.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23468085",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23450660",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23446684",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22948856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22560595",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22071279",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23468085",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1892,
"offsetInEndSection": 2083,
"text": "These effects of pridopidine may serve to strengthen the cortico-striatal communication and to improve motor c... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 550ea8f1b305b40c5c000005 | 1,179 |
factoid | Which is the target of bortezomib used in cancer therapy? | ['The ubiquitin/proteasome pathway'] | [
"ubiquitin-proteasome pathway",
"ubiquitin proteasome system",
"UPS",
"ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway",
"ubiquitin-proteasome mechanism",
"ubiquitin/proteasome system",
"the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway"
] | Bortezomib is a potent and specific reversible ubiquitin/proteasome pathway inhibitor, which has shown strong in vitro antitumor activity as single agent and in combination with other cytotoxic drugs in a broad spectrum of hematological and solid malignancies. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23822887",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23055533",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22204764",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22057347",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22819849",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22037302",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23822887",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 543,
"text": "The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) degrades 80 - 90% of intracellular proteins. Cancer cells take advantage of... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058990",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009369",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:162",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4241338",
"http://www.nlm.nih.g... | [] | 5319a708b166e2b806000024 | 1,183 |
factoid | Which is the chromosomal location of the gene MAOA? | [['Xp21-p11']] | [
"Xp21-p11",
"Xp21.1",
"Xp21.2",
"Xp21.3",
"Xp21.31",
"Xp21.32",
"Xp21.33"
] | ['The MAOA gene is locatad on chromosome X (Xp21-p11).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2906043"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2906043",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "Human monoamine oxidase gene (MAOA): chromosome position (Xp21-p11) and DNA polymorphism."
},
{
"beginSection": "a... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002875",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008123",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AOFA_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AOFA_PONAB",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AO... | [] | 56cf3f4f3975bb303a000008 | 1,187 |
factoid | Idarucizumab is an antidote of which drug? | [['dabigatran']] | [
"dabigatran",
"dabigatran etexilate",
"Pradaxa"
] | ['Idarucizumab is an antidote of Dabigatran. It is used for Dabigatran Reversal.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26069913",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26088576",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25899749",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26088268",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26095746"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26069913",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 197,
"offsetInEndSection": 355,
"text": "With Idarucizumab and Andexanet Alfa, specific antidotes have been developed against both, direct thrombin inhib... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000931"
] | [] | 56c079b1ef6e394741000022 | 1,193 |
factoid | What is the Pfam database? | [['The Pfam database is a collection of curated protein families.']] | [
"Pfam",
"Pfam database",
"Pfam protein families",
"Pfam family database",
"Pfam protein family database"
] | ['The Pfam database provides a collection of curated protein families.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23603847",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24297255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944204",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20537955",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19614588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957444"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20537955",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "The Pfam database is an important tool in genome annotation, since it provides a collection of curated protein fam... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5709f027cf1c32585100001f | 1,195 |
factoid | What is a popular mesaure of gene expression in RNA-seq experiments? | ['Reads Per Kilobase per Million mapped reads (RPKM)'] | [
"Reads Per Kilobase per Million mapped reads (RPKM)",
"RPKM",
"RPKM value",
"RPKM normalization",
"Reads Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads"
] | ['A commonly used measure for gene expression in RNA-seq experiments is Reads Per Kilobase per Million mapped reads (RPKM). In ocasions, and to account for partially mapped read, read Fragments per Kilobase per Million mapped reads (FPKM) is alternatively used.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23428641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22872506",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22232676",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21994224",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23222129",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22872506",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 441,
"text": "Measures of RNA abundance are important for many areas of biology and often obtained from high-throughput RNA ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | null | null | 5178d6be8ed59a060a000038 | 1,196 |
factoid | Inhibition of which enzyme is mechanism of action of alisertib? | ['aurora kinase'] | [
"aurora kinase",
"Aurora Kinase A",
"Aurora Kinase B",
"Aurora Kinase C",
"AURKA",
"AURKB",
"AURKC"
] | Alisertib (MLN8237) is selective Aurora kinase inhibitor that acts by interfering with spindle organization and chromosome alignment during mitosis. It has been tested in patients with gastric cancer, breast cancer, relapsed and refractory aggressive B- and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, epithelial ovarian, fallopian tu... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24240108",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24101146",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24043741",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23446853",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153524",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22972611",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24240108",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1197,
"offsetInEndSection": 1363,
"text": "Inhibition of AURKA using an investigational small-molecule specific inhibitor, alisertib, decreased the HDM2 ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D045504",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020228",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004798"
] | [] | 531dd4af267d7dd05300000d | 1,198 |
factoid | Which protein is affected by dusp8 activation? | ['JNK'] | [
"JNK",
"c-Jun N-terminal kinase",
"c-Jun amino-terminal kinase",
"c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase",
"Jun N-terminal kinase"
] | ['dusp8 (M3/6) is a dual-specificity phosphatase selective for JNK.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23159405",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23032483",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12598532",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11948422",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11566103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23032483",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1270,
"offsetInEndSection": 1417,
"text": "Thus, rosiglitazone's neuroprotective effect after ischemia is mediated by blocking JNK phosphorylation in... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DUS8_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DUS8_HUMAN"
] | null | 5148691bd24251bc0500002d | 1,202 |
factoid | What is the incidence of cystic fibrosis in the caucasian population? | [['1:2000']] | [
"1:2000"
] | ['Estimates of the newborn frequency of cystic fibrosis in different Caucasian groups range from 4 times more to 40 times less common than the generally accepted figure of 1:2000.', 'Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disorder in the Caucasian population, affecting approximately 1 in 2,000-1/2,... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/659256",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17968991",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10992696",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7635469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7513296",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7509311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/659256",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 177,
"text": "Estimates of the newborn frequency of cystic fibrosis in different Caucasian groups range from 4 times more to 40 ti... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1485",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003550",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015994"
] | [] | 56c3320a50c68dd416000008 | 1,206 |
factoid | What is the effect of thapsigargin treatment? | [['Thapsigargin is a sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor.']] | [
"Thapsigargin",
"Thapsigargin (Tg)",
"Thapsigargin (Thaps)",
"Thapsigargin (CAS 67526-95-8)",
"Thapsigargin (a SERCA inhibitor)",
"Thapsigargin (a plant-derived compound)"
] | ['Thapsigargin is an endoplasmic stress inducer. \tIt is a sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26034200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25896661",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25779646",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26154615",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26086109",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26034201",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26034200",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1098,
"offsetInEndSection": 1173,
"text": " the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor thapsigargin "
},
{
"beginSection": "abs... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019284",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4250351"
] | [
{
"o": "67526-95-8",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/registryNumber",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Thapsigargin"
},
{
"o": "Thapsigargin",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemic... | 56b7210b76d8bf8d13000004 | 1,207 |
factoid | What is the Her2 status in Li-Fraumeni syndrome? | ['Her2 status is positive'] | [
"Her2 status is positive",
"HER2-positive",
"HER2 overexpression",
"HER2 amplification",
"Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 positive"
] | In the background of a germline TP53 mutation of the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, the Her2 status was found to be positive in 63-83% of the cases. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22878818",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22392042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21761402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20805372"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580068",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 69,
"text": "Prevalence of germline TP53 mutations in HER2+ breast cancer patients"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docu... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016864",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018734",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ERBB2_HUMAN",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3012",
"http://www.disease-... | [] | 5318929fb166e2b80600001b | 1,208 |
factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by Orteronel? | [['CYP17A1']] | [
"CYP17A1",
"Cytochrome P450 17A1",
"Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase",
"17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase",
"CYP17",
"CYP17A",
"P450c17"
] | ['Orteronel inhibits the 17,20 lyase activity of the enzyme CYP17A1, which is important for androgen synthesis in the testes, adrenal glands and prostate cancer cells. Orteronel is used for treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25537627",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25533464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25297456",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25264242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24965748",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24844235",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25537627",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "PURPOSE: Orteronel (TAK-700) is a non-steroidal, selective, reversible inhibitor of 17,20-lyase."
},
{
"beg... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54e0c3e71388e8454a000013 | 1,212 |
factoid | What is the disorder in which mutations in U4atac snRNA are detected? | [['Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type I (MOPDI)']] | [
"Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type I (MOPDI)",
"MOPDI",
"Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism",
"Primordial dwarfism type I",
"Microcephalic osteodysplastic dwarfism"
] | ['Mutations in U4atac snRNA are thought to be the cause of Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism type I (MOPDI), a recessive form of developmental disorder.', 'Biallelic mutations of the human RNU4ATAC gene, which codes for the minor spliceosomal U4atac snRNA, cause the developmental disorder, MOPD I/TALS ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24865609",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21990275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21815888",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474760",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474761"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24865609",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "Biallelic mutations of the human RNU4ATAC gene, which codes for the minor spliceosomal U4atac snRNA, cause the dev... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54db5e24bcba1b1817000002 | 1,213 |
factoid | Which is the binding site motif of Sp1? | ['(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T)'] | [
"(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T)",
"(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T) sequence",
"G/T GGGCGG G/A G/A C/T"
] | ['Sp1 binds to a GC-rich sequence element containing the decanucleotide consensus sequence 5′-(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T)-3′ (GC box element) in double stranded DNA (dsDNA). Gel shift competition studies and DNase I footprinting analyses revealed that Sp1 specifically interacts with the CACCC motif.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12684058",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10777687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9261349",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8702907",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8063775"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12684058",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 609,
"offsetInEndSection": 645,
"text": "a GC-rich element (Sp1-binding site)"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016329"
] | null | 515d692c298dcd4e5100000a | 1,214 |
factoid | What is the physiological role of LKB1 involved in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome? | ['LKB1 plays a physiological role in controlling the Wnt-signaling.'] | [
"LKB1",
"serine/threonine-protein kinase 11",
"STK11",
"Liver kinase B1",
"LKB1 protein",
"LKB1 kinase"
] | LKB1 plays a physiological role in controlling the Wnt-signaling. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20020146"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20020146",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 155,
"offsetInEndSection": 423,
"text": "Recent functional genetic studies have pointed out that LKB1 plays a physiological role in controlling the Wnt-s... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010580",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/STK11_HUMAN",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3852"
] | [] | 53175e9fb166e2b80600000a | 1,221 |
factoid | What is the prognostic role of alterred thyroid profile after cardiosurgery? | ['Altered thyroid profile after cardiosurgery is associated with several events in adults and in children'] | [
"altered thyroid profile",
"thyroid dysfunction",
"thyroid hormone imbalance",
"thyroid profile changes",
"thyroid profile alterations",
"thyroid profile after surgery",
"thyroid profile after cardiosurgery",
"thyroid profile in adults",
"thyroid profile in children"
] | Altered thyroid profile after cardiosurgery is associated with high incidence of atrial fibrillation e delay in recovery (prolonged hospitalisation) in adults and higher score on The Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM; P < 0.042) and a longer duration of ventilation in children.Impportantly in transplanted patients alt... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21959513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19463607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19303793",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500064",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1929631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21097430",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21959513",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 919,
"offsetInEndSection": 1161,
"text": " Patients with fT3 syndrome had the highest mortality (16.7%, NS), highest incidence of acute rejection (38.9%,... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013903",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013963",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010361",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 53265dd4d6d3ac6a34000007 | 1,225 |
factoid | Which gene fusion is the result of the "philadelphia translocation" or the "philadelphia chromosome" mutation? | [['The BCR/ABL gene fusion', 'ABL/BCR fusion']] | [
"BCR/ABL gene fusion",
"ABL/BCR fusion",
"BCR-ABL",
"ABL-BCR",
"BCR-ABL fusion gene",
"BCR-ABL oncogene",
"BCR-ABL protein",
"BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase"
] | ['The Philadelphia chromosome is recognized as the cytogenetic result of a rearrangement of the ABL gene on chromosome 9 and the BCL gene on chromosome 22, which leads to the creation of a BCR/ABL fusion gene on chromosome 22.', 'Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is genetically characterized by the presence of the recipro... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21332651",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18722880",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16616117",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11984797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11919388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9916508",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21332651",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 5,
"offsetInEndSection": 307,
"text": "Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common cytogenetic abnormality assoc... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010677",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014178",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005694"
] | [] | 55149f156a8cde6b72000013 | 1,228 |
factoid | Which syndrome is associated with OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 deficiency? | [['Rotor syndrome']] | [
"Rotor syndrome",
"Rotor's syndrome",
"Rotor's disease",
"Rotor syndrome (hepatobiliary)",
"Rotor syndrome (congenital)",
"Rotor syndrome (type of hyperbilirubinemia)"
] | ['Complete and simultaneous deficiency of the organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 due to mutations in their corresponding genes, has been linked to Rotor syndrome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22232210",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22982575"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22232210",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 518,
"offsetInEndSection": 741,
"text": "Here, we analyzed 8 Rotor-syndrome families and found that Rotor syndrome was linked to mutations predicted to c... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 571e40a8bb137a4b0c000009 | 1,231 |
factoid | Which type of lung cancer is afatinib used for? | [['EGFR-mutant non small cell lung carcinoma', 'EGFR-mutant NSCLC']] | [
"EGFR-mutant non small cell lung carcinoma",
"EGFR-mutant NSCLC",
"EGFR-mutant lung cancer",
"EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer",
"EGFR-mutant NSCLC",
"EGFR-driven non-small cell lung carcinoma",
"EGFR-mutant adenocarcinoma",
"EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer"
] | ['Afatinib is a small molecule covalently binding and inhibiting the EGFR, HER2 and HER4 receptor tyrosine kinases. Trials showed promising efficacy in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC or enriched for clinical benefit from EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib or erlotinib.', 'Afatinib is a novel irreversible inhibi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23683257",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23664448",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18520300",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18408761",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22452896",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086949",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 611,
"offsetInEndSection": 891,
"text": "Afatinib is a novel irreversible inhibitor of the ErbB family members EGFR, tyrosine kinase-type cell surface re... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008175",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008168",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009369",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 530cf4fe960c95ad0c00000b | 1,232 |
factoid | Which disease is treated with Eliglustat? | [["Gaucher's disease type 1"]] | [
"Gaucher's disease type 1",
"Gaucher disease type 1",
"Type 1 Gaucher disease",
"Gaucher's disease",
"Gaucher disease",
"Gaucher's syndrome",
"Gaucher's disease, type 1"
] | ["Eliglustat was developed for treatment of Gaucher's disease type 1."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25819691",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25688781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25256118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24816856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20439622",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713962",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25819691",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "Eliglustat compared with imiglucerase in patients with Gaucher's disease type 1 stabilised on enzyme replacement therapy... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004194",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019468"
] | [] | 56c1f009ef6e39474100003c | 1,234 |
factoid | Is APOBEC3B protein predominantly cytoplasmic or nuclear? | [[' nuclear']] | [
"nuclear",
"nucleus",
"nuclear envelope",
"nuclear membrane",
"nuclear material",
"nuclear DNA",
"nuclear pore",
"nuclear acid"
] | ['Contrary to other APOBEC family members, APOBEC3B was found to predominantly concentrate to the cell nucleus.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22446380",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21715505",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23388464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23389445",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18667511",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16648136"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22446380",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 350,
"offsetInEndSection": 418,
"text": "A3B is the only family member with steady-state nuclear localization"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ABC3B_HUMAN"
] | [] | 54e0ace81388e8454a000010 | 1,238 |
factoid | Which tool is used for promoterome mining using CAGE data? | [['CAGEr']] | [
"CAGEr",
"CAGE RNA",
"CAGE transcript",
"Cap Analysis of Gene Expression",
"CAGE"
] | ['Despite their high resolution and functional significance, published CAGE data are still underused in promoter analysis due to the absence of tools that enable its efficient manipulation and integration with other genome data types. CAGEr is an R implementation of novel methods for the analysis of differential TSS us... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25653163"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25653163",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "CAGEr: precise TSS data retrieval and high-resolution promoterome mining for integrative analyses."
},
{
"beginSe... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56afe6d40a360a5e45000017 | 1,241 |
factoid | Aleglitazar is agonist of which receptor? | [['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α/γ']] | [
"peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma",
"PPAR-α/γ",
"PPAR alpha/gamma",
"peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma",
"peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma isoforms",
"peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma heterodimer"
] | ['Aleglitazar is a balanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α/γ agonist.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26093872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24682069",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24157957",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25407798",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19515415",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21251281",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26093872",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Effects of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator aleglitazar in patients with Type 2 Diabetes me... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56c1f00cef6e39474100003e | 1,252 |
factoid | Which protein interacts with the Ragulator-RAG GTPases to control mTOR activity? | [['Amino Acid-DepeLysosomal Membrane Protein SLC38A9']] | [
"Amino Acid-DepeLysosomal Membrane Protein SLC38A9",
"SLC38A9",
"Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 9",
"SLC38A9 Protein",
"SLC38A9 Lysosomal Membrane Protein"
] | ['Extensive functional proteomic analysis established SLC38A9 as an integral part of the Ragulator-RAG GTPases machinery that controls the activation of mTOR.', 'SLC38A9 localizes with Rag-Ragulator complex components on lysosomes and associates with Rag GTPases in an amino acid-sensitive and nucleotide binding state-d... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25963655",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561175",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567906"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25963655",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1042,
"offsetInEndSection": 1182,
"text": "Together, the findings of our study reveal SLC38A9 as a Rag-Ragulator complex member transducing amino acid av... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56caea805795f9a73e00002c | 1,262 |
factoid | Galassi classification is used for which disorder? | [['arachnoid cyst']] | [
"arachnoid cyst",
"arachnoid cysts",
"cyst of the arachnoid",
"arachnoid cystic lesion",
"subarachnoid cyst"
] | ['Galassi classification system is used to classify arachnoid cysts.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18704305",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14676729",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12922037",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10663819",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16096939",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12218836",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18704305",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 282,
"offsetInEndSection": 373,
"text": " All these patients were divided into three subgroups according to Galassi classification. "
},
{
"begin... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002965"
] | [] | 56c1f021ef6e394741000048 | 1,264 |
factoid | To the ligand of which receptors does Denosumab (Prolia) bind? | ['RANKL'] | [
"RANKL",
"Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand",
"TNFSF11",
"OPGL",
"Osteoprotegerin Ligand"
] | Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody against the RANKL | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23616122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23241893",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22815651",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22815185",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22401778",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23616122",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 414,
"offsetInEndSection": 619,
"text": "Whether the factor has the same role in humans is of clinical interest because an inhibitor for RANKL, denosumab... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0038023",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:1900120",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:1900121",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0030547",
"htt... | [
{
"o": "MeSH",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A9373021"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17995522",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/u... | 52bf1d9e03868f1b06000010 | 1,270 |
factoid | Which type of genes are modulated by SATB1? | [['it supresses cell cytokines and differentiation genes']] | [
"cytokine suppression",
"cytokine inhibition",
"cytokine downregulation",
"inhibition of cytokines",
"suppression of differentiation genes",
"cytokine signaling suppression",
"cell differentiation inhibition",
"it suppresses cell cytokines and differentiation genes"
] | ['Release of SATB1 from the control of Foxp3 in T(reg) cells caused loss of suppressive function, establishment of transcriptional T(eff) cell programs and induction of T(eff) cell cytokines.', 'Repression of the genome organizer SATB1 in regulatory T cells is required for suppressive function and inhibition of effecto... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21841785",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15371550"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21841785",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Repression of the genome organizer SATB1 in regulatory T cells is required for suppressive function and inhibition of ef... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SATB1_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SATB1_HUMAN"
] | [] | 56fcf1b8cf1c325851000005 | 1,279 |
factoid | Which protein pathway is regulating SGK1-mediated phosphorylation of FOXO3a to control cell proliferation? | [['The mTOR pathway']] | [
"mTOR pathway",
"mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway",
"mammalian target of rapamycin pathway",
"mTOR signaling pathway",
"mTORC1 pathway",
"mTORC2 pathway"
] | ['mTORC1, in coordination with mTORC2, controls cell proliferation by regulating FoxO3a gene expression and SGK1-mediated phosphorylation of FOXO3a at Ser314.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558442"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558442",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "The mTOR pathway controls cell proliferation by regulating the FoxO3a transcription factor via SGK1 kinase"
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56cafa845795f9a73e00002e | 1,290 |
factoid | What is the function of caspases? | [['Caspases are intracellular proteases that propagate programmed cell death, proliferation, and inflammation.']] | [
"Caspases",
"Cysteine-aspartic proteases",
"Caspase proteases",
"Caspase family",
"Caspase enzymes",
"Caspase-activated proteases"
] | ['Caspases are intracellular proteases that propagate programmed cell death, proliferation, and inflammation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22633487",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22541691",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21238939",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20846841",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19473994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139158",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 81,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "Caspases are the ultimate executors of the apoptotic programmed cell death pathway."
},
{
"beginSection":... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020169",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020170",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053143",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/IC... | [] | 54f5bc7d5f206a0c06000001 | 1,295 |
factoid | Which are the coactivators of the Yes-associated protein (yap)? | [['Tead (TEA domain) transcription factors.']] | [
"Tead",
"TEA domain transcription factors",
"TEAD transcription factors",
"TEAD family",
"TEAD proteins"
] | ['The Yap protein forms complex with Tead (TEA domain) transcription factors.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25097035",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23380592",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23985334",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22632831",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20439427",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16332960"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25097035",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 264,
"offsetInEndSection": 675,
"text": "ndependent research, often in the context of muscle biology, described Tead (TEA domain) transcription factors, ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56d1e23c67f0cb3d66000009 | 1,307 |
factoid | How many genes outside of the MHC locus have been genetically associated to Rheumatoid Arthritis through GWAS? | ['more than 30'] | [
"more than 30",
"over 30",
"greater than 30",
"above 30"
] | Large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 30 loci involved in RA pathogenesis. To date, over 30 non-MHC RA-associated loci have been identified in humans, and over 100 arthritis-associated loci have been identified in rodent models of RA. The most relevant non-HLA gene single nucleotide pol... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23574521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23381558",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288628",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251581",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251214",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21542789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23574521",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 275,
"offsetInEndSection": 601,
"text": "Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have allowed the characterization of more than 40 new susceptibility gene... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001172",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001171",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005258",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 531af8cbb166e2b80600003a | 1,308 |
factoid | In which phase of cell cycle does stress-induced transcription-associated mutagenesis (TAM) occur? | [['stationary phase']] | [
"stationary phase",
"lag phase",
"plateau phase",
"growth arrest phase",
"equilibrium phase"
] | ['Factors involved in RNA polymerase (RNAP) processivity or transcriptional derepression, such as Mfd (transcription coupling repair factor), contribute to the generation of stress-induced mutations. Under stress, transcription-associated mutagenesis is increased. Stress-induced transcription-associated mutations are a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22201950",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20435731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20479947",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16950921",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20036541"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22201950",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 716,
"offsetInEndSection": 1152,
"text": "factors involved in RNA polymerase (RNAP) processivity or transcriptional derepression contribute to the genera... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0007049",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006351",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0022403",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0000115",
"htt... | [] | 5544de7a5beec11c10000005 | 1,310 |
factoid | Which tumor suppressor is referred to as "the guardian of the genome"? | [['p53']] | [
"p53",
"TP53",
"tumor protein p53",
"transformation-related protein 53",
"cellular tumor antigen p53"
] | ['The major tumour suppressor protein, p53, is one of the most well-studied proteins in cell biology. It plays a crucial role in regulating the transcription of numerous genes responsible for cells cycle arrest, DNA repair, angiogenesis, cell senescence, or apoptosis in response to various stress signals, and is consid... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24264057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24231949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23209608",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22528751",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22248668",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21452930",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24264057",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 287,
"text": "The major tumour suppressor protein, p53, is one of the most well-studied proteins in cell biology. Often referred... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051726",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025521",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016147"
] | [] | 55421ee7ccca0ce74b000002 | 1,314 |
factoid | Which drug should be used as an antidote in benzodiazepine overdose? | ['flumazenil'] | [
"flumazenil",
"Ro 15-1788",
"Anexate",
"flumazenilum"
] | ['Flumazenil should be used in all patients presenting with suspected benzodiazepine overdose. Flumazenil is a potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that competitively blocks the central effects of benzodiazepines and reverses behavioral, neurologic, and electrophysiologic effects of benzodiazepine overdose. Clini... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21785147",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19500521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18175099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14620397",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11349753",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11383664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21785147",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 250,
"text": "Benzodiazepine (BZD) overdose (OD) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the UK. Flumazen... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000931",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001569",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D062787"
] | null | 514a0a57d24251bc05000051 | 1,316 |
factoid | What is the definitive treatment for low pressure headache? | ['epidural blood patch'] | [
"epidural blood patch",
"epidural blood patching",
"epidural blood patch procedure",
"blood patch",
"epidural patch",
"blood patch procedure"
] | epidural blood patch | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23533436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22705138",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21461591",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20814596",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19665883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17961846",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23533436",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 147,
"offsetInEndSection": 258,
"text": "This was initially treated with analgesia, caffeine, and fluids for the presumed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak"... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006261",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020773"
] | [] | 53262cdcd6d3ac6a34000003 | 1,323 |
factoid | What is the incidence of sudden cardiac death among young athletes? | ['0.5 to 3 per 100,000 athletes per year'] | [
"0.5 to 3 per 100,000 athletes per year"
] | the incidence of sudden cardiac death among young athletes ranges from 0.5 to 3 per 100,000 athletes per year . | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20682064",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19734497",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17330410",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17143117",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587604"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "Sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of mortality among young athletes with an incidence of 1-2 per 100,000 a... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016757",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015994",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056352",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 53036faab24d855b11000001 | 1,325 |
factoid | How much should be the duration of the QT interval in patients with short QT syndrome? | ['below 300-330 msec'] | [
"below 300-330 msec",
"less than 300-330 msec",
"under 300-330 msec"
] | The short-QT syndrome is characterized by QT intervals <300-330 msec | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16482041",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569843",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17432514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16255754",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16265378",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890322",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 305,
"text": "The short QT syndrome constitutes a new clinical entity that is associated with a high incidence of sudden cardiac... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0060307",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0060373",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] | [] | 52fb7c512059c6d71c000069 | 1,330 |
factoid | Which species of bacteria did the mitochondria originate from? | [['Biologists agree that the ancestor of mitochondria was an alpha-proteobacterium.']] | [
"alpha-proteobacterium",
"α-proteobacterium",
"alpha proteobacteria",
"alpha proteobacterium",
"alphaproteobacteria",
"alphaproteobacterium",
"alpha proteobacterium ancestor",
"ancestor of mitochondria"
] | ['Biologists agree that the ancestor of mitochondria was an alpha-proteobacterium. Although the Alphaproteobacteria are thought to be the closest relatives of the mitochondrial progenitor, there is dispute as to what its particular sister group is. Accumulating evolutionary data point to a monophyletic origin of mitoch... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21300273",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17251118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16822756",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12594925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11508688",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21300273",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 412,
"text": "Recently, α-proteobacteria have been shown to possess virus-like gene transfer agents that facilitate high frequen... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001419",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005739",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008928"
] | [] | 56c58f1b5795f9a73e000001 | 1,333 |
factoid | Which disease is linked to mutations within BRAG1? | [['X-linked intellectual disability']] | [
"X-linked intellectual disability",
"X-linked mental retardation",
"X-linked cognitive impairment",
"X-linked developmental delay",
"X-linked learning disability"
] | ['Mutations in BRAG1 have been identified in families with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22915114"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22915114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 444,
"offsetInEndSection": 540,
"text": "Mutations in BRAG1 have been identified in families with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID)"
}
] | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56f7fe3709dd18d46b000015 | 1,334 |
factoid | Which is the main calcium pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? | [['Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase', 'SERCA', 'serca2']] | [
"Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase",
"SERCA",
"serca2",
"Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase",
"Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump",
"Ca(2+)-ATPase",
"Calcium pump",
"SERCA1",
"SERCA2",
"SERCA3"
] | ['Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) is the pump crucial for calcium homeostasis. SERCA is a membrane protein that belongs to the family of P-type ion translocating ATPases and pumps free cytosolic calcium into intracellular stores.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25531267",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24807223",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24170972",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24164241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22482463",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21674635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25531267",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 47,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium pump (SERCA)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http:/... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATCL_BACSU",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005388",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATC_ARTSF",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATC1_ANOGA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATC1_DROPS",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATC1_DROME"
] | [] | 54db62a3034aea571d000001 | 1,335 |
factoid | What is the inheritance pattern of Hunter disease or mucopolysaccharidosis II? | ['X- linked recessive'] | [
"X-linked recessive",
"X-linked recessive inheritance",
"X-linked recessive disorder",
"X-linked recessive trait"
] | X- linked recessive | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20509947",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7492964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7904121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2112988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3100113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6418001",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20509947",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 6,
"offsetInEndSection": 182,
"text": "ysosomal diseases (LD) are inherited as autosomal recessive traits, but two important conditions have X-linked inh... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016532",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050172",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... | [] | 5344155faeec6fbd07000005 | 1,336 |
factoid | What is the effect of the absence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rrm3p? | [['Lack of the yeast Rrm3p DNA helicase causes replication defects at multiple sites within ribosomal DNA (rDNA), including at the replication fork barrier (RFB).']] | [
"Rrm3p",
"Rrm3",
"yeast Rrm3p DNA helicase",
"Rrm3 DNA helicase",
"Rrm3p helicase",
"Rrm3p protein",
"Rrm3p helicase enzyme",
"Rrm3p DNA repair helicase",
"Lack of Rrm3p",
"Rrm3p deficiency"
] | ["The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RRM3 gene encodes a 5' to 3' DNA helicase. While replication of most of the yeast genome was not dependent upon Rrm3p, in its absence, replication forks paused and often broke at an estimated 1400 discrete sites, including tRNA genes, centromeres, inactive replication origins, and transcr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21087929",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19560424",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19414561",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19277716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18725402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418273",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19560424",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 585,
"offsetInEndSection": 929,
"text": "Twice as many pause sites were identified in rrm3 compared with wild-type cells, as pausing in this strain occur... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012441"
] | [] | 553ca8d8f32186855800000d | 1,338 |
factoid | What is the ubiquitin proteome? | ['The ubiquitin proteome is the entire set ubiquitinated proteins and of their respective ubiquitination sites.'] | [
"ubiquitin proteome",
"ubiquitinated proteins",
"ubiquitination sites",
"ubiquitin-proteome",
"ubiquitin-modified proteins"
] | The ubiquitin proteome is the entire set ubiquitinated proteins and of their respective ubiquitination sites. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23764619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23743150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22178446"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23764619",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 266,
"offsetInEndSection": 422,
"text": "Mass spectrometry now allows high throughput approaches for the identification of the thousands of ubiquitinated... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020543",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040901",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014452",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 532f1452d6d3ac6a34000030 | 1,340 |
factoid | What is the effect induced by sympathetic nervous system on pupil size? | [['pupillary dilatation (increase of the pupil size)']] | [
"pupillary dilatation",
"pupil dilation",
"pupil enlargement",
"mydriasis",
"increase of the pupil size",
"pupillary expansion"
] | ['Pupil size is determined by the interaction of the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system acts either directly on the dilator muscle (peripherally) or centrally by inhibiting the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. Thus, the sympathetic nervous system mediates pupillary dilatation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21601076",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14639139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8873544",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3604881",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11306012",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9247742",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21601076",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Pupil size is determined by the interaction of the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system."
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013564",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001342",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018373",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 5547ec32f35db7552600000a | 1,342 |
factoid | What is the inheritance pattern of Apert syndrome? | ['Autosomal dominant'] | [
"Autosomal dominant",
"AD",
"autosomal dominant inheritance",
"dominant inheritance",
"dominant trait"
] | The Apert syndrome is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19089249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16440883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16354263",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11057397",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8830082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2061407",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19089249",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 310,
"text": "The Apert syndrome is a rare disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance caused by mutations in the FGFR2 gene at ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000168",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014918",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [
{
"o": "D000168",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121961"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/res... | 52c7275103868f1b0600001c | 1,350 |
factoid | Which is the most widely used model for the study of multiple sclerosis (MS)? | ['Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)'] | [
"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)",
"EAE",
"Autoimmune encephalomyelitis",
"Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis",
"Allergic encephalomyelitis"
] | ["Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a classical, conventional and widely recognized animal model for studying multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is the best available model for the inflammatory processes that occur in MS, and for the disease process. A less commonly used model is that of Theiler's murine enc... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23161666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22530047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22272832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21255614",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21029240",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829083",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23161666",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 241,
"offsetInEndSection": 323,
"text": "experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of multiple sclerosis"
},
{
"beginSecti... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009103",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2377",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2376"
] | null | 5139b31dbee46bd34c000004 | 1,351 |
factoid | What is the usual HER-2 status in breast cancer associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome? | [['Positive']] | [
"Positive",
"Positivity",
"Affirmative",
"Constructive",
"Favorable",
"Optimistic"
] | In up to two thirds of breast cancer patients associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, the HER-2 status was found to be positive. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22392042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21761402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20805372"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580068",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 257,
"text": "Breast cancer is the most frequent tumor in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a rare inherited cancer syndrome associate... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016864",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018579",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3012",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1612",
"http://... | [] | 52f21b722059c6d71c00000b | 1,352 |
factoid | Which E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of the interferon receptor type 1 (IFNAR1)? | [['βTrcp', 'beta-Trcp', 'SCFbeta-Trcp', 'SCFbeta-Trcp (Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein beta transducin repeat-containing protein)', 'Skp1-Cullin1-HOS-Roc1 (SCF(HOS))']] | [
"βTrcp",
"beta-Trcp",
"SCFbeta-Trcp",
"SCFbeta-Trcp (Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein beta transducin repeat-containing protein)",
"Skp1-Cullin1-HOS-Roc1 (SCF(HOS))"
] | ['Ubiquitination and degradation of the IFNAR1 (interferon alpha receptor 1) subunit of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor is mediated by the SCFbeta-Trcp (Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein beta transducin repeat-containing protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.', 'Ubiquitination, endocytosis, a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21173164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19948722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18056411",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17873516",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16551269",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15337770",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21173164",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 409,
"offsetInEndSection": 571,
"text": "IFNAR1 ubiquitination is facilitated by the βTrcp E3 ubiquitin ligase that is recruited to IFNAR1 upon its degro... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D044767"
] | [] | 55192892622b194345000012 | 1,356 |
factoid | Which domain of TIA-1 is necessary for stress granule assembly? | [['The glutamine-rich prion-related domain (PRD)']] | [
"glutamine-rich prion-related domain (PRD)",
"prion-related domain",
"PRD",
"glutamine-rich domain"
] | ['TIA-1 is an RNA binding protein that promotes the assembly of stress granules (SGs), discrete cytoplasmic inclusions into which stalled translation initiation complexes are dynamically recruited in cells subjected to environmental stress. The RNA recognition motifs of TIA-1 are linked to a glutamine-rich prion-relate... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981173",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18775331",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15371533"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981173",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "Tia1/Pub1 is a stress granule component carrying a Q/N-rich prion domain"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56cdf4875795f9a73e000040 | 1,360 |
factoid | What is the characteristic domain of histone methyltransferases? | ['SET domain'] | [
"SET domain",
"SET motif",
"SET domain-containing protein",
"SET domain family",
"SET domain protein",
"SET domain-containing methyltransferase"
] | SET (suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zest and trithorax) domain | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23652029",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23453808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21564555",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21196496",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21124902",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20599755",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23652029",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 123,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "C-terminal SET domain that catalyzes methylation of histone H3"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"do... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011495",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011484",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0042054"
] | [] | 532dcfc9d6d3ac6a34000021 | 1,362 |
factoid | Which is the major phytoalexin in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)? | [['medicarpin']] | [
"medicarpin",
"3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl-2-propanol",
"2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl-2-propanol",
"medicarpin (C15H14O5)"
] | ['The major phytoalexin in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the isoflavonoid (-)-medicarpin (or 6aR, 11aR)-medicarpin. Medicarpin is synthesized via the isoflavonoid branch of phenylpropanoid metabolism.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9484461",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7625843",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1912490",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16667691",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19343413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16667295",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9484461",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "Medicarpin, the major phytoalexin in alfalfa, is synthesized via the isoflavonoid branch of phenylpropanoid metabol... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4252976",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000455",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0052315"
] | [] | 5543829fed966d112c000009 | 1,365 |
factoid | Which syndrome is associated with mutations in the LYST gene? | [['Chediak-Higashi syndrome']] | [
"Chediak-Higashi syndrome",
"Chediak-Higashi disease",
"Chediak-Higashi immunodeficiency syndrome",
"Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS)"
] | ['Mutations in LYST, a gene encoding a putative lysosomal trafficking protein, cause Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), an autosomal recessive disorder typically characterized by infantile-onset hemophagocytic syndrome and immunodeficiency, and oculocutaneous albinism. A small number of reports of rare, attenuated forms o... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23521865",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15896657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16518687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10594238",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072239",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18043242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23521865",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 642,
"text": "Mutations in LYST, a gene encoding a putative lysosomal trafficking protein, cause Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS)... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577"
] | [] | 56f564f909dd18d46b000009 | 1,367 |
factoid | Which protein is the main inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)? | [['protein phosphatase inhibitor 1', 'inhibitor 1', 'PPI-1', 'I1']] | [
"protein phosphatase inhibitor 1",
"inhibitor 1",
"PPI-1",
"I1",
"PP1 inhibitor 1",
"protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor 1"
] | ['Protein Phosphatase-1 is restrained by its endogenous inhibitor, protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 (PPI-1). Inhibition of the protein phosphatase 1, by inhibitor-1, significantly increases cardiac contractility and calcium handling. Inhibitor-1 becomes a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 when phosphorylated by ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19481088",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18192322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17388107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16772299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10811908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9033809",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19481088",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 930,
"text": "The type 1 protein phosphatase (PP1) is a critical negative regulator of Ca(2+) cycling and contractility in the c... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PP1_BRAOL"
] | [] | 550618f58e1671127b000007 | 1,376 |
factoid | Which protein is required for Argonaute 2 recruitment to stress granules and P-bodies? | [['Hsp90']] | [
"Hsp90",
"Heat shock protein 90",
"HSP90",
"HSP 90",
"Hsp 90",
"Heat shock protein 90 kDa",
"Hsp90-alpha",
"Hsp90-beta"
] | ['Hsp90 regulates the function of argonaute 2 and its recruitment to stress granules and P-bodies.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21439943",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458189"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21439943",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 392,
"offsetInEndSection": 755,
"text": "we examined whether another Hsp90 inhibitor radicicol (RA) affected P-bodies and stress granules. Treatment with... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56cdf5195795f9a73e000045 | 1,378 |
factoid | Which pharmacogenetic test is available for abacavir? | ['HLA B*5701 genotyping'] | [
"HLA B*5701 genotyping",
"HLA-B*5701 genotyping",
"HLA-B5701 genotyping",
"HLA B5701 genotyping",
"HLA B*5701 testing",
"HLA-B*5701 testing",
"HLA-B5701 testing",
"HLA B5701 testing"
] | ['The pharmacogenetic test recommended prior to abacavir administration is the HLA B*5701 genotyping.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23204921",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21691271",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21521028",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21354501",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21142908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602616",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21691271",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 256,
"text": "Pharmacogenomic tests offer a promising strategy to improve the safety and efficacy of drug treatment. Compell... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010597",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4274473",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005820",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&ter... | [
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/drugbank/resource/drugs/DB01048",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "http://data.linkedct.org/resource/intervention/61980"
},
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/drugbank/resource/drugs/DB01048",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/20... | 51487dead24251bc05000030 | 1,382 |
factoid | What is a benefit of being g6PD-deficient? | ['Increased resistance to malaria, reduces the risk of coronary diseases, beneficial effect in terms of longevity'] | [
"Increased resistance to malaria",
"Malaria resistance",
"Reduced risk of coronary diseases",
"Coronary disease risk reduction",
"Beneficial effect in terms of longevity",
"Longevity benefits"
] | There is evidence of increased resistance to malaria. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24316370",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23696099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23534950",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23479361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22639416",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24052930",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22639416",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 573,
"offsetInEndSection": 730,
"text": "A central position of the PPP for malaria parasites is supported by the fact that human G6PD deficiency protects... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008288",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005955",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0004345",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID... | [
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/G6PD",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/associatedGene",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/2421"
},
{
"o": "Deficiency, G6PD",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/sk... | 53147b52e3eabad021000015 | 1,395 |
factoid | Which drug is benserazide usually co-administered with? | ['L-Dopa'] | [
"L-Dopa",
"levodopa",
"L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine",
"L-3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine",
"Dopar",
"Larodopa"
] | Co-administration of L-Dopa with carbidopa or benserazide is the most effective symptomatic treatment for Parkinson Disease (PD). | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23390548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22384042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17553556",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17141847",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17113046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16023708",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23390548",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 327,
"offsetInEndSection": 650,
"text": "The present study utilizes in vivo amperometry to investigate the impact from unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesio... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001545",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009934",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4248923"
] | [] | 52bf1f2d03868f1b06000015 | 1,398 |
factoid | What is the inheritance pattern of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) caused by RYR2 mutations? | ['autosomal dominant'] | [
"autosomal dominant",
"AD",
"autosomal dominant inheritance",
"dominant inheritance",
"dominant trait"
] | Autosomal dominant catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) was mapped to chromosome 1q42-43 with identification of pathogenic mutations in RYR2. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18052993",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17666061",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15336972"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18052993",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 617,
"text": "Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare arrythmogenic disease characterized by exe... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019837",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014918",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RY... | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_513945524E360021",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/encodedBy",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9ERN6"
},
{
"o": "Ryr2",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_513945524E360021... | 52bf19f703868f1b06000002 | 1,399 |
factoid | Do A-type lamins bind euchromatin or heterochromatin? | [['Both euchromatin and heterochromatin']] | [
"euchromatin",
"heterochromatin",
"euchromatin and heterochromatin",
"euchromatin (light-staining chromatin)",
"heterochromatin (dark-staining chromatin)"
] | ['Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analyses of microdissected blebs, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunofluorescence localization of modified histones demonstrate that gene-rich euchromatin associates with the LA/C blebs. On the other hand, the domain encoded by exon 9 is important to maintain ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22713752",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20130288",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19141474",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11953316",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153156",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153156",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1243,
"offsetInEndSection": 1538,
"text": "These data reveal that the domain encoded by exon 9 is important to maintain telomere homeostasis and heteroch... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D034904",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D034882",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D022041",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 570917bccf1c325851000015 | 1,401 |
factoid | Which is the most abundant membrane protein on Earth? | [['Light-harvesting pigment-protein complex of Photosystem II', 'LHCII']] | [
"Light-harvesting pigment-protein complex of Photosystem II",
"LHCII",
"Light-harvesting complex II",
"Photosystem II light-harvesting complex",
"LHC II",
"LHC complex II"
] | ['LHCII, the largest plant photosynthetic pigment-protein complex of photosystem II, is a most abundant membrane protein in living organisms and comprises approximately half of the pool of chlorophyll molecules in the biosphere.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24018323",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23933017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298812",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21718685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19403948",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16307124"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24018323",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 227,
"text": "LHCII, the largest plant photosynthetic pigment-protein complex of photosystem II, is a most abundant membrane pro... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008565",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051380",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008566",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 5519a7d5622b194345000015 | 1,402 |
factoid | What is the most probable defect underlying triple negative breast cancer? | ['BRCA1 dysfunction'] | [
"BRCA1 dysfunction",
"BRCA1 mutation",
"BRCA1 gene mutation",
"BRCA1 gene alteration",
"BRCA1 deficiency",
"BRCA1 loss of function",
"BRCA1-related cancer predisposition",
"BRCA1-associated breast cancer",
"BRCA1-associated ovarian cancer"
] | The most probable defect underlying triple negative breast cancer is BRCA1 dysfunction. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22357256"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22357256",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "We have previously reported an array comparative genomic hybridization profile that identifies triple-negative br... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D064726",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019313",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0060081",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0060076",
"h... | [] | 52f21e8f2059c6d71c00000c | 1,410 |
factoid | Which enzyme is deficient in Krabbe disease? | ['Galactocerebrosidase is an enzyme that is deficient in Krabbe disease (also known as globoid-cell leukodystrophy). This leads to accumulation of psychosine (galactosylsphingosine) primarily in oligodendrocytes.'] | [
"Galactocerebrosidase",
"GALC",
"galactosylceramidase",
"galactosylsphingosine beta-galactosidase",
"galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase",
"Krabbe disease enzyme",
"globoid-cell leukodystrophy enzyme"
] | ['galactocerebrosidase'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23438514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301416",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19439584",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17072020",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645197",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16498763",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23438514",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 239,
"text": "Krabbe disease is a lethal, demyelinating condition caused by genetic deficiency of galactocerebrosidase (GALC... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10587",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3211",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007965",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003677",
"http:/... | null | 5147c8a6d24251bc05000027 | 1,413 |
factoid | Is there any genetic determinant of hair pigmentation that could be useful in forensic analyses? | [['Yes, there are at least 12 genes associated with human hair color variation such as: TYR, TYRP1, OCA2, SLC45A2, SLC24A5, MC1R, ASIP and KITLG.']] | [
"TYR",
"Tyrosinase",
"TYRP1",
"Tyrosinase-related protein 1",
"OCA2",
"Oculocutaneous albinism II",
"SLC45A2",
"Solute carrier family 45 member 2",
"SLC24A5",
"Solute carrier family 24 member 5",
"MC1R",
"Melanocortin 1 receptor",
"ASIP",
"Agouti signaling protein",
"KITLG",
"Kit ligan... | ['Yes, there are at least 12 genes associated with human hair color variation such as: TYR, TYRP1, OCA2, SLC45A2, SLC24A5, MC1R, ASIP and KITLG.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23703035",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22709892",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21197618",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20158590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19414162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23703035",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 661,
"offsetInEndSection": 769,
"text": "a recent paper has reported the genetic determination of eye and hair color in samples up to 800 years old. "
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006200",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005826",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006202",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 54f60ea05f206a0c06000009 | 1,418 |
factoid | What disease is Velcade (bortezomib) mainly used for? | ['multiple myeloma'] | [
"multiple myeloma",
"plasma cell myeloma",
"myeloma",
"Kahler's disease",
"myelomatosis"
] | ['Velcade (bortezomid), a proteasome inhibitor drug indicated for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment. Velcade is also approved for the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23176720",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699304",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22381702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22353937",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22189222",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22087865",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23176720",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 5,
"offsetInEndSection": 40,
"text": "patients with multiple myeloma (MM)"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncb... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4241338",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9974",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0042493",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0008144",
"... | [
{
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A15661541"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4368130",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
... | 51631154298dcd4e5100004e | 1,429 |
factoid | What is the prevalence of short QT syndrome? | ['0.01% -0.1%'] | [
"0.01% -0.1%",
"0.01 to 0.1 percent",
"0.01 to 0.1 percent concentration",
"0.01% to 0.1%",
"0.01% to 0.1% range"
] | The prevalence of short QT syndrome is low and varies between 0.01% and 0.1% | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21855519",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18543308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18070308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17679619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19303371"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21855519",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 384,
"offsetInEndSection": 714,
"text": "We chose patients with a short Bazett QTc interval from a database consisting of 114,334 patients to determine t... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015995"
] | [] | 52fb78572059c6d71c000067 | 1,431 |
factoid | Which is the main calcium binding protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? | [['Calsequestrin', 'casq']] | [
"Calsequestrin",
"casq",
"Calsequestrin 1",
"Calsequestrin 2",
"CSQ",
"Calsequestrin-1",
"Calsequestrin-2"
] | ['Calsequestrin is the major calcium-binding protein of cardiac and skeletal muscles whose function is to sequester Ca(2+ )in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).', 'Calsequestrin is the major calcium-binding protein of cardiac and skeletal muscles whose function is to sequester Ca(2+ )in the lumen of the sarc... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16571864",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14715535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11058082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1860177",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025332",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16477617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16571864",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "Calsequestrin (CS) is the low-affinity, high-capacity calcium binding protein segregated to the lumen of terminal ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0016529"
] | [] | 54cf45e7f693c3b16b00000a | 1,441 |
factoid | What is the mode of inheritance in Fanconi anemia? | [['Autosomal recessive, except for FANCB, which is X-linked.']] | [
"Autosomal recessive",
"FANCB",
"X-linked"
] | ['Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited syndrome. So far, fifteen genetic subtypes have been distinguished. The mode of inheritance for all subtypes is autosomal recessive, except for FANCB, which is X-linked.', 'Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited syndrome with diverse clinical symptoms including developmental d... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693659",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17924555",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3369448",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/939547",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15502827",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19549413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693659",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 338,
"text": "Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited syndrome with diverse clinical symptoms including developmental defects, s... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005199",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13636",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1062"
] | [] | 54ede95c94afd6150400000a | 1,449 |
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