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When did Virgin Australia start operating? | Virgin Australia, the trading name of Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd, is an Australian-based airline. It is the largest airline by fleet size to use the Virgin brand. It commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. It suddenly found itself as a major airline in Australia'... | Virgin Australia, the trading name of Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd, is an Australian-based airline. It is the largest airline by fleet size to use the Virgin brand. It commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. It suddenly found itself as a major airline in Australia'... | [] | {
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When was Tomoaki Komorida born? | Komorida was born in Kumamoto Prefecture on July 10, 1981. After graduating from high school, he joined the J1 League club Avispa Fukuoka in 2000. Although he debuted as a midfielder in 2001, he did not play much and the club was relegated to the J2 League at the end of the 2001 season. In 2002, he moved to the J2 club... | Komorida was born in Kumamoto Prefecture on July 10, 1981. After graduating from high school, he joined the J1 League club Avispa Fukuoka in 2000. Although he debuted as a midfielder in 2001, he did not play much and the club was relegated to the J2 League at the end of the 2001 season. In 2002, he moved to the J2 club... | [] | {
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If I have more pieces at the time of stalemate, have I won? | Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check and has no legal move. Stalemate results in a draw. During the endgame, stalemate is a resource that can enable the player with the inferior position to draw the game rather than lose. In more complex positions, stalemate is muc... | Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check and has no legal move. Stalemate results in a draw. During the endgame, stalemate is a resource that can enable the player with the inferior position to draw the game rather than lose. In more complex positions, stalemate is muc... | [] | {
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Given a reference text about Lollapalooza, where does it take place, who started it and what is it? | Lollapalooza /ˌlɒləpəˈluːzə/ (Lolla) is an annual American four-day music festival held in Grant Park in Chicago. It originally started as a touring event in 1991, but several years later, Chicago became its permanent location. Music genres include but are not limited to alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hip ho... | Lollapalooza /ˌlɒləpəˈluːzə/ (Lolla) is an annual American four-day music festival held in Grant Park in Chicago. It originally started as a touring event in 1991, but several years later, Chicago became its permanent location. Music genres include but are not limited to alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hip ho... | [] | {
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Who was John Moses Browning? | John Moses Browning (January 23, 1855 – November 26, 1926) was an American firearm designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms – many of which are still in use around the world. He made his first firearm at age 13 in his father's gun shop and was awarded the f... | John Moses Browning (January 23, 1855 – November 26, 1926) was an American firearm designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms – many of which are still in use around the world. He made his first firearm at age 13 in his father's gun shop and was awarded the f... | [] | {
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Who is Thomas Jefferson? | Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Among the Committee of Five charged by the Second Continental Congress with authoring the Declaration of Ind... | Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Among the Committee of Five charged by the Second Continental Congress with authoring the Declaration of Ind... | [] | {
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Who was Kyle Van Zyl playing against when he scored 36 of hisa teams 61 points? | Van Zyl joined the Eastern Province Kings Academy, where he played for the Eastern Province U19 side in the 2010 Under-19 Provincial Championship. He was a key player for the Eastern Province U21 side in the 2012 Under-21 Provincial Championship, scoring 71 points in eight appearances. Van Zyl was under the Top SARU Pe... | Van Zyl joined the Eastern Province Kings Academy, where he played for the Eastern Province U19 side in the 2010 Under-19 Provincial Championship. He was a key player for the Eastern Province U21 side in the 2012 Under-21 Provincial Championship, scoring 71 points in eight appearances. Van Zyl was under the Top SARU Pe... | [] | {
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From the passage list down the areas for which Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's most prominent city. List the results in comma separated format. | Dar es Salaam (/ˌdɑːr ɛs səˈlɑːm/; from Arabic: دَار السَّلَام, romanized: Dâr es-Selâm, lit. 'Abode of Peace') or commonly known as Dar, is the largest city and financial hub of Tanzania. It is also the capital of Dar es Salaam Region. With a population of over six million people, Dar is the largest city in East Afric... | Dar es Salaam (/ˌdɑːr ɛs səˈlɑːm/; from Arabic: دَار السَّلَام, romanized: Dâr es-Selâm, lit. 'Abode of Peace') or commonly known as Dar, is the largest city and financial hub of Tanzania. It is also the capital of Dar es Salaam Region. With a population of over six million people, Dar is the largest city in East Afric... | [] | {
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What is process mining? | Process mining is a family of techniques relating the fields of data science and process management to support the analysis of operational processes based on event logs. The goal of process mining is to turn event data into insights and actions. Process mining is an integral part of data science, fueled by the availabi... | Process mining is a family of techniques relating the fields of data science and process management to support the analysis of operational processes based on event logs. The goal of process mining is to turn event data into insights and actions. Process mining is an integral part of data science, fueled by the availabi... | [] | {
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Extract the owner of Lamborghini and a listing of the different types of Huracan cars that Lamborghini has produced for its Motorsport division. | Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [autoˈmɔːbili lamborˈɡiːni]) is an Italian manufacturer of luxury sports cars and SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese. The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi.
Ferruccio Lamborghini (1916–1993), an Italian manufacturing magnate, foun... | Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [autoˈmɔːbili lamborˈɡiːni]) is an Italian manufacturer of luxury sports cars and SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese. The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi.
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Lamborghini has produced the following Huracan motorsport models:
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- Huracán GT3 Evo
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What is the average lifespan of a Golden Retriever? | Golden Retrievers are a generally healthy breed; they have an average lifespan of 12 to 13 years. Irresponsible breeding to meet high demand has led to the prevalence of inherited health problems in some breed lines, including allergic skin conditions, eye problems and sometimes snappiness. These problems are rarely en... | Golden Retrievers are a generally healthy breed; they have an average lifespan of 12 to 13 years. Irresponsible breeding to meet high demand has led to the prevalence of inherited health problems in some breed lines, including allergic skin conditions, eye problems and sometimes snappiness. These problems are rarely en... | [] | {
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Who was the first to record the Needles and Pins song? | "Needles and Pins" is a rock song credited to American writers Jack Nitzsche and Sonny Bono. Jackie DeShannon recorded it in 1963 and other versions followed. The most successful ones were by the Searchers, whose version reached No. 1 on the UK singles chart in 1964, and Smokie, who had a worldwide hit in 1977. Others ... | "Needles and Pins" is a rock song credited to American writers Jack Nitzsche and Sonny Bono. Jackie DeShannon recorded it in 1963 and other versions followed. The most successful ones were by the Searchers, whose version reached No. 1 on the UK singles chart in 1964, and Smokie, who had a worldwide hit in 1977. Others ... | [] | {
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Given this paragraph, what is the top speed of a Kia Stinger? | Kia claims that the Stinger accelerates from zero to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 7.7, 6 and 4.9 seconds for the 2.2-liter diesel, 2.0-liter petrol and 3.3-liter petrol respectively. Schreyer reportedly drove a pre-production Stinger GT at a top speed of 269 km/h (167 mph) on the Autobahn.
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Where are the British Virgin Islands (BVI) and which islands are a part of the BVI? | The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser ... | The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser ... | [] | {
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Does "outbreeding" or "inbreeding" benefit the offspring more? | Exogamy often results in two individuals that are not closely genetically related marrying each other; that is, outbreeding as opposed to inbreeding. In moderation, this benefits the offspring as it reduces the risk of the offspring inheriting two copies of a defective gene. Increasing the genetic diversity of the offs... | Exogamy often results in two individuals that are not closely genetically related marrying each other; that is, outbreeding as opposed to inbreeding. In moderation, this benefits the offspring as it reduces the risk of the offspring inheriting two copies of a defective gene. Increasing the genetic diversity of the offs... | [] | {
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When was the first Reading railway station opened? | Reading railway station is a major transport hub in Reading, Berkshire, England. It is on the northern edge of the town centre, near the main retail and commercial areas and the River Thames, 36 miles (58 km) from London Paddington. The first Reading station was opened on 30 March 1840 as the temporary western terminus... | Reading railway station is a major transport hub in Reading, Berkshire, England. It is on the northern edge of the town centre, near the main retail and commercial areas and the River Thames, 36 miles (58 km) from London Paddington. The first Reading station was opened on 30 March 1840 as the temporary western terminus... | [] | {
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What is HiFI? | High fidelity (often shortened to Hi-Fi or HiFi) is the high-quality reproduction of sound. It is popular with audiophiles and home audio enthusiasts. Ideally, high-fidelity equipment has inaudible noise and distortion, and a flat (neutral, uncolored) frequency response within the human hearing range.
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Given this paragraph about Billie Eilish, tell me who produced her debut single, also tell me what is her chart-topping single? | Billie Eilish Pirate Baird O'Connell (/ˈaɪlɪʃ/ EYE-lish; born December 18, 2001) is an American singer and songwriter. She first gained public attention in 2015 with her debut single "Ocean Eyes", written and produced by her brother Finneas O'Connell, with whom she collaborates on music and live shows. In 2017, she rel... | Billie Eilish Pirate Baird O'Connell (/ˈaɪlɪʃ/ EYE-lish; born December 18, 2001) is an American singer and songwriter. She first gained public attention in 2015 with her debut single "Ocean Eyes", written and produced by her brother Finneas O'Connell, with whom she collaborates on music and live shows. In 2017, she rel... | [] | {
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Who was boxer John Baldwin | Known as "The Mad" Baldwin, he turned pro in 1970 and lost a decision to Marvin Hagler in 1975. In 1977 he took on Rocky Mosley Jr in the ill-fated U.S. Championship Tournament, but lost via K.O. In 1978 he lost a decision to Marvin Johnson, and retired a year later. | Known as "The Mad" Baldwin, he turned pro in 1970 and lost a decision to Marvin Hagler in 1975. In 1977 he took on Rocky Mosley Jr in the ill-fated U.S. Championship Tournament, but lost via K.O. In 1978 he lost a decision to Marvin Johnson, and retired a year later. | [] | {
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Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description} | Daniel Leavitt was born November 16, 1813, at Rye, New Hampshire, the son of Benning Leavitt, influential businessman, state senator, county commissioner and later Chicopee Selectman, and his wife Olive (Jenness) Leavitt. Daniel Leavitt married in 1838 at West Springfield, Massachusetts, Ruth Jeannette Ball. They had t... | Daniel Leavitt was born November 16, 1813, at Rye, New Hampshire, the son of Benning Leavitt, influential businessman, state senator, county commissioner and later Chicopee Selectman, and his wife Olive (Jenness) Leavitt. Daniel Leavitt married in 1838 at West Springfield, Massachusetts, Ruth Jeannette Ball. They had t... | [] | {
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What is the Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS)? | Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS) is a torpedo detection and countermeasure system used by the Indian Navy. The system offers a complete solution to detect and locate an incoming torpedo and to apply countermeasures to protect naval platform against torpedo attack. It was developed as a joint project of t... | Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS) is a torpedo detection and countermeasure system used by the Indian Navy. The system offers a complete solution to detect and locate an incoming torpedo and to apply countermeasures to protect naval platform against torpedo attack. It was developed as a joint project of t... | [] | {
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Change the following passage to past tense | The episode focuses on two people: an elderly hospital doctor (Aleksander Bardini), who lives by himself in the ubiquitous Dekalog apartment block; and Dorota Geller (Krystyna Janda), a woman in her 30s who lives in the same building and is a violinist with the Philharmonic Orchestra. | The episode focuses on two people: an elderly hospital doctor (Aleksander Bardini), who lives by himself in the ubiquitous Dekalog apartment block; and Dorota Geller (Krystyna Janda), a woman in her 30s who lives in the same building and is a violinist with the Philharmonic Orchestra. | [] | {
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Who is Shoji Hashimoto? | Shoji Hashimoto (橋本 昌二, Hashimoto Shōji, April 18, 1935 – December 2, 2009) was a professional Go player. | Shoji Hashimoto (橋本 昌二, Hashimoto Shōji, April 18, 1935 – December 2, 2009) was a professional Go player. | [] | {
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How many managers have Arsenal had? | There have been twenty permanent and eight caretaker managers of Arsenal since 1897; Stewart Houston has managed the club in two separate spells as caretaker. The most successful person to manage Arsenal is Arsène Wenger, who won three Premier League titles, seven FA Cups and seven Community Shields between 1996 and 20... | There have been twenty permanent and eight caretaker managers of Arsenal since 1897; Stewart Houston has managed the club in two separate spells as caretaker. The most successful person to manage Arsenal is Arsène Wenger, who won three Premier League titles, seven FA Cups and seven Community Shields between 1996 and 20... | [
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What is SVM? | In machine learning, support vector machines (SVMs, also support vector networks) are supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data for classification and regression analysis. Developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories by Vladimir Vapnik with colleagues (Boser et al., 1992, Guyon et al., 199... | In machine learning, support vector machines (SVMs, also support vector networks) are supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data for classification and regression analysis. Developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories by Vladimir Vapnik with colleagues (Boser et al., 1992, Guyon et al., 199... | [] | {
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What is the current capital of Japan? | Tokyo (/ˈtoʊkioʊ/; Japanese: 東京, Tōkyō, [toːkʲoː] (listen)), officially the Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to), is the capital and most populous city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area (13,452 square kilometers or 5,194 square miles) is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 million ... | Tokyo (/ˈtoʊkioʊ/; Japanese: 東京, Tōkyō, [toːkʲoː] (listen)), officially the Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to), is the capital and most populous city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area (13,452 square kilometers or 5,194 square miles) is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 million ... | [] | {
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Who scored first in Austin FC's first victory in a home game in the 2021 MLS season? | Austin FC played their first MLS match against LAFC at Banc of California Stadium on April 17, 2021, losing 0–2. The club secured its first victory the following week against the Colorado Rapids, winning 3–1. Diego Fagúndez scored the club's first goal and the following two were scored by the club's first Designated Pl... | Austin FC played their first MLS match against LAFC at Banc of California Stadium on April 17, 2021, losing 0–2. The club secured its first victory the following week against the Colorado Rapids, winning 3–1. Diego Fagúndez scored the club's first goal and the following two were scored by the club's first Designated Pl... | [] | {
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How long does it take for a mustard seed to germinate? | Mustard seeds are the small round seeds of various mustard plants. The seeds are usually about 1 to 2 millimetres (0.039 to 0.079 in) in diameter and may be colored from yellowish white to black. They are an important spice in many regional foods and may come from one of three different plants: black mustard (Brassica ... | Mustard seeds are the small round seeds of various mustard plants. The seeds are usually about 1 to 2 millimetres (0.039 to 0.079 in) in diameter and may be colored from yellowish white to black. They are an important spice in many regional foods and may come from one of three different plants: black mustard (Brassica ... | [] | {
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What is the origin of the name of the herb Rosemary? | alvia rosmarinus (/ˈsælviə ˌrɒsməˈraɪnəs/), commonly known as rosemary, is a shrub with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region. Until 2017, it was known by the scientific name Rosmarinus officinalis (/ˌrɒsməˈraɪnəs əˌfɪsɪˈneɪlɪs/), now a syno... | alvia rosmarinus (/ˈsælviə ˌrɒsməˈraɪnəs/), commonly known as rosemary, is a shrub with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region. Until 2017, it was known by the scientific name Rosmarinus officinalis (/ˌrɒsməˈraɪnəs əˌfɪsɪˈneɪlɪs/), now a syno... | [] | {
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Who coined the phrase "Bike-shedding" and when? | The law of triviality is C. Northcote Parkinson's 1957 argument that people within an organization commonly or typically give disproportionate weight to trivial issues. Parkinson provides the example of a fictional committee whose job was to approve the plans for a nuclear power plant spending the majority of its time ... | The law of triviality is C. Northcote Parkinson's 1957 argument that people within an organization commonly or typically give disproportionate weight to trivial issues. Parkinson provides the example of a fictional committee whose job was to approve the plans for a nuclear power plant spending the majority of its time ... | [] | {
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List the weapons of Goddess Durga in a comma separated manner. | Durga is a warrior goddess, and she is depicted to express her martial skills. Her iconography typically resonates with these attributes, where she rides a lion or a tiger, has between eight and eighteen hands, each holding a weapon to destroy and create. She is often shown in the midst of her war with Mahishasura, the... | Durga is a warrior goddess, and she is depicted to express her martial skills. Her iconography typically resonates with these attributes, where she rides a lion or a tiger, has between eight and eighteen hands, each holding a weapon to destroy and create. She is often shown in the midst of her war with Mahishasura, the... | [] | {
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Given a reference text about Run Towards the Danger, tell me how many essays are part of the collection. | Run Towards the Danger is a 2022 Canadian essay collection by Sarah Polley, a former child star, director, and screenwriter.
The six essays in the collection examine aspects of Polley's career on stage, screen, and on film detailing her roles in a Stratford Festival production of Alice Through the Looking Glass, as we... | Run Towards the Danger is a 2022 Canadian essay collection by Sarah Polley, a former child star, director, and screenwriter.
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Who tends to participates in hackathons? | A hackathon (also known as a hack day, hackfest, datathon or codefest; a portmanteau of hacking and marathon) is an event where people engage in rapid and collaborative engineering over a relatively short period of time such as 24 or 48 hours. They are often run using agile software development practices, such as sprin... | A hackathon (also known as a hack day, hackfest, datathon or codefest; a portmanteau of hacking and marathon) is an event where people engage in rapid and collaborative engineering over a relatively short period of time such as 24 or 48 hours. They are often run using agile software development practices, such as sprin... | [] | {
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What is Marketing Automation? | Marketing Automation is a subset of customer relationship management (CRM) or customer experience management (CXM) that focuses on the definition, segmentation, scheduling and tracking of marketing campaigns. The use of marketing automation makes processes that would otherwise have been performed manually much more eff... | Marketing Automation is a subset of customer relationship management (CRM) or customer experience management (CXM) that focuses on the definition, segmentation, scheduling and tracking of marketing campaigns. The use of marketing automation makes processes that would otherwise have been performed manually much more eff... | [] | {
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Which American president spoke Dutch as their first language? | Van Buren received a basic education at the village schoolhouse, and briefly studied Latin at the Kinderhook Academy and at Washington Seminary in Claverack. Van Buren was raised speaking primarily Dutch and learned English while attending school; he is the only president of the United States whose first language was n... | Van Buren received a basic education at the village schoolhouse, and briefly studied Latin at the Kinderhook Academy and at Washington Seminary in Claverack. Van Buren was raised speaking primarily Dutch and learned English while attending school; he is the only president of the United States whose first language was n... | [] | {
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Given this reference text about the consumption of peanut butter, when is national peanut butter day? | The United States is a leading exporter of peanut butter, and one of the largest consumers of peanut butter annually per capita. January 24 is National Peanut Butter Day in the United States. In March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, retail sales of peanut butter in the United States increased by 75% over the level i... | The United States is a leading exporter of peanut butter, and one of the largest consumers of peanut butter annually per capita. January 24 is National Peanut Butter Day in the United States. In March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, retail sales of peanut butter in the United States increased by 75% over the level i... | [] | {
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What does fasting mean? | Fasting is the abstention from eating and sometimes drinking. From a purely physiological context, "fasting" may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight (see "Breakfast"), or to the metabolic state achieved after complete digestion and absorption of a meal. Metabolic changes in the fasting... | Fasting is the abstention from eating and sometimes drinking. From a purely physiological context, "fasting" may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight (see "Breakfast"), or to the metabolic state achieved after complete digestion and absorption of a meal. Metabolic changes in the fasting... | [] | {
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What is the largest city on the Mississippi River? | Memphis is the fifth-most populous city in the Southeast, the nation's 28th-largest overall, as well as the largest city bordering the Mississippi River and third largest Metropolitan statistical area behind Saint Louis, MO and the Twin Cities on the Mississippi River. The Memphis metropolitan area includes West Tennes... | Memphis is the fifth-most populous city in the Southeast, the nation's 28th-largest overall, as well as the largest city bordering the Mississippi River and third largest Metropolitan statistical area behind Saint Louis, MO and the Twin Cities on the Mississippi River. The Memphis metropolitan area includes West Tennes... | [] | {
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Provide a list of all numbers mentioned in the provided text and what they represent | The ancestors of llamas are thought to have originated from the Great Plains of North America about 40 million years ago, and subsequently migrated to South America about three million years ago during the Great American Interchange. By the end of the last ice age (10,000–12,000 years ago), camelids were extinct in Nor... | The ancestors of llamas are thought to have originated from the Great Plains of North America about 40 million years ago, and subsequently migrated to South America about three million years ago during the Great American Interchange. By the end of the last ice age (10,000–12,000 years ago), camelids were extinct in Nor... | [] | {
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Was Furze Hill an established community in the 19th century? | Furze Hill (or Furzehill) is a hamlet situated in the New Forest National Park of Hampshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Ellingham, Harbridge and Ibsley. Its nearest town is Fordingbridge, which lies approximately 3.1 miles (5.2 km) north-west from the hamlet.
Furze Hill is a hamlet in the civil parish of Hy... | Furze Hill (or Furzehill) is a hamlet situated in the New Forest National Park of Hampshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Ellingham, Harbridge and Ibsley. Its nearest town is Fordingbridge, which lies approximately 3.1 miles (5.2 km) north-west from the hamlet.
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Why should I use fabric softener? | Machine washing puts great mechanical stress on textiles, particularly natural fibers such as cotton and wool. The fibers at the fabric surface are squashed and frayed, and this condition hardens while drying the laundry in air, giving the laundry a harsh feel. Adding a liquid fabric softener to the final rinse (rinse-... | Machine washing puts great mechanical stress on textiles, particularly natural fibers such as cotton and wool. The fibers at the fabric surface are squashed and frayed, and this condition hardens while drying the laundry in air, giving the laundry a harsh feel. Adding a liquid fabric softener to the final rinse (rinse-... | [] | {
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What is wine? | Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are major factors in different styles of wine. These differences result from the compl... | Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are major factors in different styles of wine. These differences result from the compl... | [] | {
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What's the relation between the Kushan Empire and the Sassanid Empire in Iran? | The Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of modern-day territory of Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India. The Sasanian or Sassanid Empire officially known as Eranshahr was the last Iranian empire b... | The Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of modern-day territory of Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India. The Sasanian or Sassanid Empire officially known as Eranshahr was the last Iranian empire b... | [] | {
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What is the last festival celebrated in Tihar and how long does the festival last? | Lakshmi Puja is celebrated as a part of Tihar, a second national festival of Nepal after Dashain. In Nepal, it is celebrated for five days, which include Kag (crow) Tihar; Kukur (dog) Tihar; Gai (cow) Tihar in the morning and Lakshmi Puja at night; Maha puja (self puja); Goru (Ox and Bull) Tihar and Gobardhan puja; and... | Lakshmi Puja is celebrated as a part of Tihar, a second national festival of Nepal after Dashain. In Nepal, it is celebrated for five days, which include Kag (crow) Tihar; Kukur (dog) Tihar; Gai (cow) Tihar in the morning and Lakshmi Puja at night; Maha puja (self puja); Goru (Ox and Bull) Tihar and Gobardhan puja; and... | [] | {
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What event John Johnstone won as a rider? | John Johnstone (1881-1935) was a British businessman and rider. He was the tai-pan of the Jardine, Matheson & Co., member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong.
He was the head of the Jardine, Matheson & Co. as well as director of numerous companies. He was member of the Shanghai Munic... | John Johnstone (1881-1935) was a British businessman and rider. He was the tai-pan of the Jardine, Matheson & Co., member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong.
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Based on the following passage summarise how sunsets are viewed from the northern hemisphere across seasons. | Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets... | Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets... | [] | {
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Based on this paragraph, how many younger siblings did Kennedy have? | Kennedy was born on February 22, 1932, at St. Margaret's Hospital in the Dorchester section of Boston, Massachusetts. He was the youngest of the nine children of Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald, members of prominent Irish American families in Boston. They constituted one of the wealthiest families in the nat... | Kennedy was born on February 22, 1932, at St. Margaret's Hospital in the Dorchester section of Boston, Massachusetts. He was the youngest of the nine children of Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald, members of prominent Irish American families in Boston. They constituted one of the wealthiest families in the nat... | [] | {
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What are some of the common elements of visual design? | Design elements are the basic units of any visual design which form its structure and convey visual messages. Painter and design theorist Maitland E. Graves (1902-1978), who attempted to gestate the fundamental principles of aesthetic order in visual design, in his book, The Art of Color and Design (1941), defined the ... | Design elements are the basic units of any visual design which form its structure and convey visual messages. Painter and design theorist Maitland E. Graves (1902-1978), who attempted to gestate the fundamental principles of aesthetic order in visual design, in his book, The Art of Color and Design (1941), defined the ... | [] | {
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Extract why Tim Lincecum was called "The Freak" | Timothy Leroy Lincecum (/ˈlɪnsəkʌm/ LIN-sə-kum; born June 15, 1984), nicknamed "The Freak", "The Franchise", "The Freaky Franchise" and "Big Time Timmy Jim", is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants (2007 to 2015) and Los Angeles Angels (... | Timothy Leroy Lincecum (/ˈlɪnsəkʌm/ LIN-sə-kum; born June 15, 1984), nicknamed "The Freak", "The Franchise", "The Freaky Franchise" and "Big Time Timmy Jim", is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants (2007 to 2015) and Los Angeles Angels (... | [] | {
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Can you tell me something about Stanley J. Goldberg | Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court.
Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964... | Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court.
Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964... | [] | {
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What is Linux? | Linux (/ˈliːnʊks/ (listen) LEE-nuuks or /ˈlɪnʊks/ LIN-uuks) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, which includes the kernel and supporting ... | Linux (/ˈliːnʊks/ (listen) LEE-nuuks or /ˈlɪnʊks/ LIN-uuks) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, which includes the kernel and supporting ... | [] | {
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Given a reference text about Jen Shah, what is she famous from, when was she criminally charged, what was the verdict, and when was she sentenced. | Shah starred on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City, which premiered in November 2020. In March 2021, she was criminally charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering and wire fraud, pleading not guilty to both charges days later. Her legal case was chronicled in the documentary fil... | Shah starred on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City, which premiered in November 2020. In March 2021, she was criminally charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering and wire fraud, pleading not guilty to both charges days later. Her legal case was chronicled in the documentary fil... | [] | {
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What types of problems in government could AI be used to solve | The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied, with Deloitte considering that "Cognitive technologies could eventually revolutionize every facet of government operations". Mehr suggests that six types of government problems are appropriate for AI applications:
- Resource allocation - such as where administ... | The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied, with Deloitte considering that "Cognitive technologies could eventually revolutionize every facet of government operations". Mehr suggests that six types of government problems are appropriate for AI applications:
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} | [] | The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied but some appropriate areas to consider AI applications include: Resource allocation; Large datasets; Repetitive tasks; Answering basic questions; Summarising data from multiple forms; Predicting future scenarios based on historical data. | {
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From the passage provided, extract the state Lincoln was born in | Abraham Lincoln (/ˈlɪŋkən/ LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union an... | Abraham Lincoln (/ˈlɪŋkən/ LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union an... | [] | {
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End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
Dataset Card for test_spans_dataset
This dataset has been created with Argilla.
As shown in the sections below, this dataset can be loaded into Argilla as explained in Load with Argilla, or used directly with the datasets library in Load with datasets.
Dataset Summary
This dataset contains:
A dataset configuration file conforming to the Argilla dataset format named
argilla.yaml. This configuration file will be used to configure the dataset when using theFeedbackDataset.from_huggingfacemethod in Argilla.Dataset records in a format compatible with HuggingFace
datasets. These records will be loaded automatically when usingFeedbackDataset.from_huggingfaceand can be loaded independently using thedatasetslibrary viaload_dataset.The annotation guidelines that have been used for building and curating the dataset, if they've been defined in Argilla.
Load with Argilla
To load with Argilla, you'll just need to install Argilla as pip install argilla --upgrade and then use the following code:
import argilla as rg
ds = rg.FeedbackDataset.from_huggingface("nataliaElv/test_spans_dataset")
Load with datasets
To load this dataset with datasets, you'll just need to install datasets as pip install datasets --upgrade and then use the following code:
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("nataliaElv/test_spans_dataset")
Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
This dataset can contain multiple fields, questions and responses so it can be used for different NLP tasks, depending on the configuration. The dataset structure is described in the Dataset Structure section.
There are no leaderboards associated with this dataset.
Languages
[More Information Needed]
Dataset Structure
Data in Argilla
The dataset is created in Argilla with: fields, questions, suggestions, metadata, vectors, and guidelines.
The fields are the dataset records themselves, for the moment just text fields are supported. These are the ones that will be used to provide responses to the questions.
| Field Name | Title | Type | Required | Markdown |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| prompt | Prompt-(Ents) | text | True | False |
| input | Input-(Ents) | text | True | False |
| input2 | Input-(Info Extraction) | text | True | False |
The questions are the questions that will be asked to the annotators. They can be of different types, such as rating, text, label_selection, multi_label_selection, or ranking.
| Question Name | Title | Type | Required | Description | Values/Labels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| prompt-ents | Highlight the entities inside Prompt-(Ents): | span | True | N/A | N/A |
| input-ents | Highlight the entities inside Input-(Ents): | span | True | N/A | N/A |
| info-extraction | Highlight the information inside Input-(Info Extraction) that is relevant to the prompt | span | True | N/A | N/A |
| final-response | Provide a correct response given the prompt and the input: | text | True | Only make the necessary corrections. You can submit the text as it is, if it's correct. | N/A |
The suggestions are human or machine generated recommendations for each question to assist the annotator during the annotation process, so those are always linked to the existing questions, and named appending "-suggestion" and "-suggestion-metadata" to those, containing the value/s of the suggestion and its metadata, respectively. So on, the possible values are the same as in the table above, but the column name is appended with "-suggestion" and the metadata is appended with "-suggestion-metadata".
The metadata is a dictionary that can be used to provide additional information about the dataset record. This can be useful to provide additional context to the annotators, or to provide additional information about the dataset record itself. For example, you can use this to provide a link to the original source of the dataset record, or to provide additional information about the dataset record itself, such as the author, the date, or the source. The metadata is always optional, and can be potentially linked to the metadata_properties defined in the dataset configuration file in argilla.yaml.
| Metadata Name | Title | Type | Values | Visible for Annotators |
|---|
The guidelines, are optional as well, and are just a plain string that can be used to provide instructions to the annotators. Find those in the annotation guidelines section.
Data Instances
An example of a dataset instance in Argilla looks as follows:
{
"external_id": null,
"fields": {
"input": "Virgin Australia, the trading name of Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd, is an Australian-based airline. It is the largest airline by fleet size to use the Virgin brand. It commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. It suddenly found itself as a major airline in Australia\u0027s domestic market after the collapse of Ansett Australia in September 2001. The airline has since grown to directly serve 32 cities in Australia, from hubs in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney.",
"input2": "Virgin Australia, the trading name of Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd, is an Australian-based airline. It is the largest airline by fleet size to use the Virgin brand. It commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. It suddenly found itself as a major airline in Australia\u0027s domestic market after the collapse of Ansett Australia in September 2001. The airline has since grown to directly serve 32 cities in Australia, from hubs in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney.",
"prompt": "When did Virgin Australia start operating?"
},
"metadata": {},
"responses": [],
"suggestions": [
{
"agent": null,
"question_name": "prompt-ents",
"score": null,
"type": null,
"value": [
{
"end": 25,
"label": "ORG",
"score": 0.9999854564666748,
"start": 9
}
]
},
{
"agent": null,
"question_name": "input-ents",
"score": null,
"type": null,
"value": [
{
"end": 16,
"label": "ORG",
"score": 0.9998990297317505,
"start": 0
},
{
"end": 71,
"label": "ORG",
"score": 0.9999301433563232,
"start": 38
},
{
"end": 162,
"label": "ORG",
"score": 0.9961417317390442,
"start": 156
},
{
"end": 224,
"label": "ORG",
"score": 0.9999250173568726,
"start": 213
},
{
"end": 319,
"label": "LOC",
"score": 0.9998377561569214,
"start": 310
},
{
"end": 376,
"label": "ORG",
"score": 0.9999576807022095,
"start": 360
},
{
"end": 464,
"label": "LOC",
"score": 0.9998786449432373,
"start": 455
},
{
"end": 487,
"label": "LOC",
"score": 0.9998598098754883,
"start": 479
},
{
"end": 498,
"label": "LOC",
"score": 0.9997498393058777,
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},
{
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"label": "LOC",
"score": 0.9998868703842163,
"start": 503
}
]
},
{
"agent": null,
"question_name": "final-response",
"score": null,
"type": null,
"value": "Virgin Australia commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route."
}
],
"vectors": {}
}
While the same record in HuggingFace datasets looks as follows:
{
"external_id": null,
"final-response": [],
"final-response-suggestion": "Virgin Australia commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route.",
"final-response-suggestion-metadata": {
"agent": null,
"score": null,
"type": null
},
"info-extraction": [],
"info-extraction-suggestion": null,
"info-extraction-suggestion-metadata": {
"agent": null,
"score": null,
"type": null
},
"input": "Virgin Australia, the trading name of Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd, is an Australian-based airline. It is the largest airline by fleet size to use the Virgin brand. It commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. It suddenly found itself as a major airline in Australia\u0027s domestic market after the collapse of Ansett Australia in September 2001. The airline has since grown to directly serve 32 cities in Australia, from hubs in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney.",
"input-ents": [],
"input-ents-suggestion": {
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"label": [
"ORG",
"ORG",
"ORG",
"ORG",
"LOC",
"ORG",
"LOC",
"LOC",
"LOC",
"LOC"
],
"score": [
0.9998990297317505,
0.9999301433563232,
0.9961417317390442,
0.9999250173568726,
0.9998377561569214,
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"text": [
"Virgin Australia",
"Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd",
"Virgin",
"Virgin Blue",
"Australia",
"Ansett Australia",
"Australia",
"Brisbane",
"Melbourne",
"Sydney"
]
},
"input-ents-suggestion-metadata": {
"agent": null,
"score": null,
"type": null
},
"input2": "Virgin Australia, the trading name of Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd, is an Australian-based airline. It is the largest airline by fleet size to use the Virgin brand. It commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. It suddenly found itself as a major airline in Australia\u0027s domestic market after the collapse of Ansett Australia in September 2001. The airline has since grown to directly serve 32 cities in Australia, from hubs in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney.",
"metadata": "{}",
"prompt": "When did Virgin Australia start operating?",
"prompt-ents": [],
"prompt-ents-suggestion": {
"end": [
25
],
"label": [
"ORG"
],
"score": [
0.9999854564666748
],
"start": [
9
],
"text": [
"Virgin Australia"
]
},
"prompt-ents-suggestion-metadata": {
"agent": null,
"score": null,
"type": null
}
}
Data Fields
Among the dataset fields, we differentiate between the following:
Fields: These are the dataset records themselves, for the moment just text fields are supported. These are the ones that will be used to provide responses to the questions.
- prompt is of type
text. - input is of type
text. - input2 is of type
text.
- prompt is of type
Questions: These are the questions that will be asked to the annotators. They can be of different types, such as
RatingQuestion,TextQuestion,LabelQuestion,MultiLabelQuestion, andRankingQuestion.- prompt-ents is of type
span. - input-ents is of type
span. - info-extraction is of type
span. - final-response is of type
text, and description "Only make the necessary corrections. You can submit the text as it is, if it's correct.".
- prompt-ents is of type
Suggestions: As of Argilla 1.13.0, the suggestions have been included to provide the annotators with suggestions to ease or assist during the annotation process. Suggestions are linked to the existing questions, are always optional, and contain not just the suggestion itself, but also the metadata linked to it, if applicable.
- (optional) prompt-ents-suggestion is of type
span. - (optional) input-ents-suggestion is of type
span. - (optional) info-extraction-suggestion is of type
span. - (optional) final-response-suggestion is of type
text.
- (optional) prompt-ents-suggestion is of type
Additionally, we also have two more fields that are optional and are the following:
- metadata: This is an optional field that can be used to provide additional information about the dataset record. This can be useful to provide additional context to the annotators, or to provide additional information about the dataset record itself. For example, you can use this to provide a link to the original source of the dataset record, or to provide additional information about the dataset record itself, such as the author, the date, or the source. The metadata is always optional, and can be potentially linked to the
metadata_propertiesdefined in the dataset configuration file inargilla.yaml. - external_id: This is an optional field that can be used to provide an external ID for the dataset record. This can be useful if you want to link the dataset record to an external resource, such as a database or a file.
Data Splits
The dataset contains a single split, which is train.
Dataset Creation
Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
Source Data
Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
Annotations
Annotation guidelines
This is a subset of the Dolly dataset with prompts classified as being Closed QA or Information Extractions tasks.
In the record, you will find the prompt and the input of the task. In the first two fields, you will need to highlight and classify all entities found in the prompt and the input. These are marked as (Ents) for easier recognition.
The input field is then repeated as "Input-(Info Extraction)". Using the "Relevant Info" tag, highlight all pieces of information in the input that are relevant to answer the prompt.
Finally, you will be asked to provide a correct response following the prompt and the given input. You may submit the text as it is, if it's correct, or make any necessary amendments.
Annotation process
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Who are the annotators?
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Personal and Sensitive Information
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Considerations for Using the Data
Social Impact of Dataset
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Discussion of Biases
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Other Known Limitations
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Additional Information
Dataset Curators
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Licensing Information
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Citation Information
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Contributions
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